BDwbU- 1: wkÿvµ‡gi aviYv

[Concept of Curriculum]

f‚wgKv
wkÿv RvwZi †giæ`Ð I Dbœq‡bi PvweKvwV| GKwU RvwZi Avkv-AvKv•ÿv iƒcvq‡bi I fwel¨Z wbg©v‡Yi
nvwZqvi n‡”Q wkÿv| DbœZ Rxebhvcb I mgv‡Ri AMÖMwZ Avbq‡b wkÿvi f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Avi
wkÿv‡K mwVKfv‡e iƒc`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wkÿvµg| AvaywbK A‡_© †h †Kvb wkÿv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi
myweb¨¯Í cwiKíbv‡KB ejv nq wkÿvµg| †h †Kvb wkÿv Kvh©µg Kx D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ n‡e, Kx welqe¯‘i
gva¨‡g D‡Ïk¨ AwR©Z n‡e, KLb, Kxfv‡e, Kvi mnvqZvq Ges Kx DcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ Zv ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡e,
wkÿv_x©i wkLb AMÖMwZ Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e BZ¨vw` m¤úwK©Z hveZxq cwiKíbvi iƒc‡iLvB n‡jv
wkÿvµg| Z‡e wkÿvµg aviYvi DrcwËi ïiæ‡Z wkÿvµg msKxY© A‡_© e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv| ax‡i ax‡i
mg‡qi cwiµgvq Zv wkÿv Kg©KvÐ cwiPvjbvi mvgwMÖK cwiKíbv wn‡m‡e iƒc †c‡q‡Q Ges wkÿvµg wb‡q
AviI bZzb bZzb M‡elYv n‡”Q I G m¤úwK©Z AviI bZzb bZzb aviYv m„wó n‡”Q| wkÿv ev¯Íevq‡bi mv‡_
mswkøó e¨w³e‡M©i Aek¨B G¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Ávb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|

G BDwb‡U wkÿvµ‡gi aviYvMZ weKvk, G m¤ú‡K© gbxlx‡`i aviYv, Kvh©Ki msÁv I Dcv`vb, jÿ¨, wfwË,
cÖK…wZ I cwimi, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi bxwZgvjv I AvaywbK MwZaviv BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Av‡jvPbvi myweav‡_© mgMÖ welqe¯‘‡K wb‡Pi wZbwU cv‡V Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cvV- 1.1: wk¶vµ‡gi aviYvMZ w`K

cvV- 1.2: wkÿvµ‡gi †gŠwjK aviYv
cvV- 1.3: wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi bxwZgvjv I AvaywbK MwZaviv
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV- 1.1 : wk¶vµ‡gi aviYvMZ w`K

[Conceptual Aspects of Curriculum]

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV Aa¨qb †k‡l AvcwbÑ

 Ôwk¶vµgÕ c‡`i DrcwË e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wkÿvµ‡gi cÖvPxb I AvaywbK aviYv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wkÿvµg m¤ú‡K© we‡klÁ‡`i aviYv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
 wkÿvµ‡gi Kvh©Kix aviYv I Dcv`vb D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wkÿvµg c‡`i DrcwË

wk¶vµ‡gi Bs‡iwR cwifvlv Curriculum| GwU j¨vwUb kã ‘currere’ †_‡K G‡m‡Q, hvi A_©
‘course of study’ A_©vr ÔcvV¨welqÕ| Avevi †KD †KD g‡b K‡ib GwU j¨vwUb kã ‘currer’
†_‡K G‡m‡Q| Gi A_© nj Ô†Nvo †`Š‡oi gvVÕ| kvwãK A‡_© hvB †nvK bv †Kb, AvwfavwbK A‡_©
wkÿvµg ej‡Z wbw`©ó j‡ÿ¨ DcbxZ nIqvi Rb¨ cwiPvwjZ †Kvm©‡K eySvq|

wkÿvµ‡gi cÖvPxb aviYv

AvÿwiK A‡_© hvB †nvK bv †Kbbv wkÿvµg kãwU wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q Ges hy‡Mi
cwieZ©‡bi avivevwnKZvq wkÿvµ‡gi aviYv µgvMZ weewZ©Z n‡”Q| ZvB wkÿvµ‡gi me©Rb¯^xK…Z †Kvb
GKK msÁv ev aviYvi D™¢e nqwb| †hgb, cÖvPxbKv‡j gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi `ÿZv AR©bB wQj wkÿvi
cÖwZcv`¨ welq| d‡j ZLbKvi AbvbyôvwbK wkÿvq G w`KwU ¸iæZ¡ †c‡q‡Q| cieZx©‡Z ax‡i ax‡i wkÿv
m¤úwK©Z gvby‡li wPšÍvi dmj wn‡m‡e AvbyôvwbKfv‡e wkÿvµ‡gi aviYv ev¯Íe iƒc †c‡Z _v‡K|

Av‡gwiKvq wkÿvµ‡gi e¨vcK e¨envi jÿ Kiv hvq 1820 mvj †_‡K| †m mgq gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª wkÿvµg
ej‡Z g~jZ ‘course of study’ ev KZ¸‡jv cvV¨welq‡K eySvZ, hv AbymiY K‡i wkÿK †kÖwY‡Z cvV`vb
Ki‡Zb| †m mgq wkÿvµ‡gi g~j †dvKvm wQj wkïi gvbwmK Ges Áv‡bi weKvk| GRb¨ wkÿvµ‡g
eskvbyµwgK mymse× Ávb I gvbwmK k„•Ljv AR©‡bi Dci ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv nZ| cÖvPxbcš’x wkÿvwe`‡`i
aviYv wQj †h, wkïi myôz gvbwmK weKvk NUv‡Z n‡j we`¨vj‡qi wkÿvµ‡g KZ¸‡jv Acwinvh© welq AšÍfz©³
Ki‡Z n‡e| G¸‡jv n‡jv gvZ…fvlv, MwYZ, weÁvb, BwZnvm, `k©b I cwðgv †`‡ki fveaviv| d‡j †m mgq
wkÿvµ‡g G welq¸‡jv ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ AšÍfz©³ Kiv n‡Zv|

BDwbU- 1 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 2

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

wk¶vµg AvaywbK aviYv

1930 mv‡ji ci †_‡K wkÿvµ‡gi cÖvPxb I msKxY© aviYvi cwieZ©b n‡q wkÿvµ‡gi aviYvi e¨vcK
we¯Í…wZ N‡U| Gmgq wkÿvµg ej‡Z ¯‹zj KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ mKj wkLb AwfÁZvi mgwó‡K eySv‡bv n‡Zv| G
cÖm‡½ 1935 mv‡j K¨vmI‡qj I K¤ú‡ej (Caswell and Compbell) wkÿvµ‡gi cyivZb aviYvi Aemvb
NwU‡q GKwU bZzb msÁv cÖ¯Íve K‡ibÑ Òwkÿvµg nj wkÿ‡Ki cwiPvjbvq wkÿv_x©i AwR©Z mKj
AwfÁZvÓ| †m mg‡qi Ab¨vb¨ wkÿvµg we‡klÁMYI (Smith et. al, 1957 Ges Korr, 1968) wkÿvµ‡gi
G aviYv‡K mg_©b K‡ib| Gfv‡e wkÿvµg Zvi msKxY© aviYvi MwÐ cvi n‡q e¨vcK A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡Z ïiæ
K‡i Ges wkÿvµg †KejgvÎ cvV¨wel‡qi cwie‡Z© ¯‹z‡ji wbqwš¿Z mKj wkLb-AwfÁZvi mgwóiƒ‡c
cwiMwYZ n‡Z _v‡K| wKš‘ Zvi ciI cÖkœ †_‡K hvq ¯‹zj KZ©„K wkÿv_x©‡`i †Kvb †Kvb AwfÁZv cÖ`vb Kiv
n‡e? A_©vr Zv‡`i‡K Kx †kLv‡bv n‡e? wkÿv_x© I e„nËi mgvRB ev ¯‹z‡ji Kv‡Q †Kvb AwfÁZv¸‡jv
cÖZ¨vkv K‡i? ZvQvov ¯‹zj KZ©„K cÖ`Ë AwfÁZv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kvb¸‡jv mgv‡Ri Rb¨ Kvw•ÿZ ev
AbvKvw•ÿZ Zv wkÿvµ‡gi GB e¨vcK aviYv †_‡K †evSv m¤¢e bq| ZvB wkÿvµg we‡klÁMY wkÿvµ‡gi
AviI my¯úó I MÖnY‡hvM¨ aviYvi AbymÜvb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|
1949 mv‡j wkÿvµg we‡klÁ ivd UvBjvi KZ©„K cÖ`Ë aviYvq wkÿvµg m¤úwK©Z G mgm¨vi wKQzUv
mgvavb cvIqv hvq| wZwb me©cÖ_g e‡jbÑ wkÿvµg nj wkÿvi jÿ¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ ¯‹zj KZ©„K cwiKwíZ I
cwiPvwjZ Ges wkÿv_x©i AwR©Z mKj wkLb AwfÁZv| G‡Z †`Lv hvq wZwb wkÿvµg‡K ¯‹zj cwiPvwjZ
mKj Kg©Kv‡Ði D‡Ïk¨wfwËK I cwiKwíZ wkLb AwfÁZv wbf©i Kivi Dci †Rvi w`‡q‡Qb| 1950 mv‡ji
gvSvgvwS wkÿv_x©i Rxe‡b ¯‹z‡ji cÖfve cÖKUiƒ‡c †`Lv hvq| d‡j G mgq wkÿvµ‡gi aviYv cwigvR©b I
cwieZ©‡bi e¨vcv‡i Av‡gwiKvq †ek wKQz wkÿvg~jK cÖ‡R± MÖnY Kiv nq| Gi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z †ek wKQz
wkÿvwe` wkÿvµg‡K cvV-cwiKíbv (Instructional Plan) wn‡m‡e msÁvwqZ K‡ib (Taba, 1962; Hirst,
1974; Saylor and Alexonder, 1974)|
lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †k‡l Ges mˇii `k‡Ki cÖ_‡g A‡b‡K ¯‹z‡ji KvR‡K wkí KviLvbvi Drcv`b e¨e¯’vi
m‡½ Zzjbv K‡ib| wkí KviLvbvq †hgb KuvPvgvj cÖwµqvRvZ K‡i bvbviKg `ªe¨mvgMÖx Drcv`b Kiv nq,
†Zgwb ¯‹z‡ji KvR n‡e wbiÿi I AbwfÁ wkÿv_x©‡`i `ÿ, AwfÁ I AÿiÁvb m¤úbœ gvbyl wn‡m‡e M‡o
†Zvjv| Gi d‡j wkÿvµg cÖYq‡b wkÿv_x©i cvi`wk©Zv I K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vqb Ges ¯‹z‡ji Revew`wnZvi cÖkœ
¸iæZ¡ †c‡Z _v‡K| d‡j wkÿvµ‡gi welqe¯‘ wbe©vPb I g~j¨vqb e¨e¯’v‡K weÁvbm¤§Z Kivi gvb‡m G
mgq wkÿvµ‡g AvPiwYK D‡Ïk¨ †jLvi Ici e¨vcK ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv nq| d‡j G mgq †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
cieZx©‡Z wewfbœ gbxlx KZ©„K cÖ`Ë wkÿvµ‡gi aviYvq wkÿvµ‡gi GB cwiewZ©Z I mywbw`©ó iƒc ¸iæZ¡
†c‡Z _v‡K| Gfv‡e mg‡qi cwiµgvq wkÿvµ‡gi aviYvq bZzb bZzb gvÎv ms‡hvwRZ nq I cyivZb
aviYvi cwieZ©b NU‡Z _v‡K|

wk¶vµg m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ gbxlx‡`i aviYv

wb‡P K‡qKRb gbxlxi aviYv D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv hv wkÿvµ‡gi aviYv eyS‡Z mnvqK n‡e|
 wnjWv Zvev (1962), hy‡Mi wPšÍvfvebvi Aeqenxb dmjB n‡jv wkÿvµg|
 ûBjvi (1967), wkÿvµg ej‡Z wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨, wkLb AwfÁZv wbe©vPb, welqe¯‘ kbv³KiY, welqe¯‘
msMVb, g~j¨vqb BZ¨vw`i GKwU e„ËvKvi MwZkxj Kvh©µg‡K eywS‡q‡Qb|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Curriculum Development- 3

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

 Kvi (1968), we`¨vjq KZ©„K cwiKwíZ I cwiPvwjZ hveZxq wkLb hv we`¨vjq Ges we`¨vj‡qi evB‡i
`jMZ ev e¨w³MZfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv nq ZvB wkÿvµg|
 †cvdvg I †eKvi (1970), wkÿvµg ¯‹z‡ji †mB mKj cwiKwíZ Kvh©µg hv AR©‡bi `vq`vwqZ¡ ¯‹z‡ji
Ici eZ©vq|
 Rbmb (1970), wkÿvµg n‡”Q wkÿv_x©i cvi`wk©Zv ev djvdj|
 weªwUk wkÿvwe` jUb (1973) wkÿvµ‡gi Dcv`vb AZ¨vek¨Kxqfv‡e mvgvwRK K…wó †_‡K wbe©vwPZ
Ki‡Z n‡e|
 gvk© Ges ÷¨v‡dvW© (1988), wkÿvµg n‡jv ÔcwiKíbvÕ I ÔAwfÁZviÕ cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©hy³ GKwU
†mU hv wkÿv_x©iv we`¨vj‡qi ˆ`bw›`b Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g m¤úbœ K‡i|

wkÿvµ‡gi Kvh©Ki msÁv I Dcv`vb

wkÿvµ‡gi weeZ©b Ges DcwiwjøwLZ aviYv¸‡jv we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq wkÿvµ‡gi aviYv hyM hyM a‡i
wb‡gœv³fv‡e weewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| †hgb: wkÿvµg n‡”QÑ
1| eskvbyµwgK mymse× Ávb
2| gvbwmK k„•Ljv
3| ¯‹zj wbqwš¿Z AwfÁZv
4| cwiKwíZ wkLb AwfÁZv
5| wkÿv`vb cwiKíbv
6| AvPiwYK D‡Ïk¨/wkLbdj
7| Ávb I AwfÁZv
8| wkLb cÖwµqv
9| cvi`wk©Zv I K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vqb

G mKj w`K e¨vL¨v K‡i Daniel Tanner and Laurel N. Tanner 1980 mv‡j wkÿvµ‡gi GKwU Kvh©Ki
msÁv cÖ`v‡bi †Póv K‡ibÑ
“Curriculum is that reconstruction of knowledge and experience, systematically developed under
the auspices of the school (or university) to enable the learner to increase his or her control of
knowledge and experience”

wkÿvµ‡gi wewfbœ msÁv‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j Gi PviwU g~j Dcv`vb Luy‡R cvIqv hvqÑ
(1) D‡Ïk¨
(2) welqe¯‘
(3) wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj
(4) g~j¨vqb

BDwbU- 1 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 4

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

A_©vr †Kvb wkÿv Kvh©µg Kx D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ n‡e, †Kvb welqe¯‘ cv‡Vi gva¨‡g D‡Ïk¨mg~n AwR©Z n‡e,
†Kvb c×wZ Ges cÖwµqvq wkÿv_x©iv Zv wkL‡e Ges wkÿv_x©i cvi`wk©Zv Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡eÑ G
m¤úwK©Z mKj wb‡`©kbvi mgwóB nj wkÿvµg|

G¸‡jv ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³, wbf©ikxj Ges cwic~iK| wkÿvµg cÖYqb I DbœqbKv‡j Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU Dcv`vb
m¤ú‡K© Mfxi g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q wePvi we‡kølY Ki‡Z nq|

cÖK…Zc‡ÿ wkÿvµg n‡”Q GKwU e¨vcK aviYv hvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q RvZxq HwZn¨, K…wó †_‡K ïiæ K‡i eZ©gvb
I fwel¨Z gvbem¤ú` Mov I wkÿv_x©‡`i‡K K‡g© wb‡qvwRZKi‡Yi GKwU my`~icÖmvix Kg©cwiKíbvi w`K
wb‡`©kbv|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 1.1

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1. AvwfavwbK A‡_© wkÿvµg ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?
K. wkÿvµg c×wZ I †KŠkj
L. wbw`©ó j‡ÿ¨ DcbxZ nIqvi cwiKíbv
M. †Nvo †`Š‡oi gvV
N. cvV¨wel‡qi mgwó
2. †KvbwU wkÿvµ‡gi AvaywbK aviYv wb‡`©k K‡i?
K. gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi `ÿZv AR©b
L. †gŠwjK wel‡q Ávb I `ÿZv AR©b
M. `k©b I cwðgv †`‡ki fveaviv Rvbv
N. D‡Ïk¨wfwËK I cwiKwíZ wkLb
3. cÖvPxb aviYvq wkÿvµ‡gi g~j †dvKvm †KvbwU wQj?
K. wkïi gvbwmK Ges Áv‡bi weKvk
L. wkïi ˆ`wnK I Ava¨vwZ¥K weKvk
M. D‡Ïk¨wfwËK I cwiKwíZ wkLb
N. AwfÁZvwfwËK wkLb

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Curriculum Development- 5

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

4. Òwe`¨vjq KZ©„K cwiKwíZ I cwiPvwjZ hveZxq wkLb hv we`¨vjq Ges we`¨vj‡qi evB‡i `jMZ I
e¨w³MZfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv nq ZvB wkÿvµgÓÑ †K e‡j‡Qb?
K. ivd UvBjvi
L. wnjWv Zvev
M. ûBjvi
N. Kvi

mwVK DËi: 1| L; 2| N; 3| K; 4| N|

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

1. wkÿvµg k‡ãi DrcwË e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
2. cÖvPxbKv‡j wkÿvµg m¤ú‡K© cÖPwjZ aviYv Kx wQj?
3. wkÿvµ‡gi aviYvi AvaywbKvq‡b ivd UvBj‡ii Ae`vb eY©bv Kiæb|
4. wkÿvµg m¤ú‡K© ûBjv‡ii aviYv Kx wQj?
5. wewfbœ hy‡M wkÿvµg m¤úwK©Z cÖPwjZ aviYv¸‡jv Kx wQj?
6. lv‡Ui `k‡K wkÿvµg‡K Kx g‡b Kiv nZ?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1. wkÿvµ‡gi aviYvMZ weKvk Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
2. wkÿvµ‡gi †Kvb GKK MÖnY‡hvM¨ msÁv †bB †Kb? D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
3. wkÿvµ‡gi Dcv`vb¸‡jv D‡jøLc~e©K Gi GKwU Kvh©Kix aviYv D‡jøL Kiæb|

BDwbU- 1 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 6

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cvV- 1.2 : wk¶vµ‡gi †gŠwjK aviYv

[Basic concepts of Curriculum]

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV Aa¨qb †k‡l AvcwbÑ

 wkÿvµ‡gi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wkÿvµ‡gi jÿ¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wkÿvµ‡gi wfwË D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wkÿvµ‡gi cÖK…wZ I cwimi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wkÿvµ‡gi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wPi cv_©K¨ D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
 mnwkÿvµwgK-Gi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wkÿvµ‡gi aviYv
wk¶vµg n‡”Q wkÿvi GKwU mvgwMÖK iƒc‡iLv| GwU wkÿvi j‡ÿ¨ †cuŠQv‡bvi GKwU bxj bKkv
ev Road Map hv AbymiY K‡i wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi wkÿvg~jK Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| wkÿvi
gva¨‡g fwel¨r cÖR›g‡K M‡o Zzjevi Kvh©Ki cwiKíbv n‡jv wkÿvµg| GwU †h †Kvb wkÿv
cÖwZôv‡bi wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi g~j PvwjKvkw³|

wkÿvµ‡gi jÿ¨
wk¶vµ‡gi wbR¯^ †Kvb jÿ¨ †bB| †Kvb iv‡óªi RvZxq wkÿvi jÿ¨B wkÿvµ‡gi jÿ¨ wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ
nq| wkÿvµ‡gi G jÿ¨ wba©vwiZ nq †Kvb mgvR ev iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡`i Rxe‡bi cig PvIqvi Dci| A_©vr
GKwU RvwZ Zvi wkÿve¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g AvMvgx cÖRb¥‡K Kxfv‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z Pvq ZvB n‡jv H RvwZi wkÿv
Ges wkÿvµ‡gi jÿ¨| G jÿ¨ wba©vi‡Y †h welq¸‡jv‡Z m‡PZbfv‡e bRi †`Iqv nq Zv n‡jvÑ
bvMwiK‡`i RvZxq Av`k©, mgv‡Ri Pvwn`v, wkÿv_x©i cÖ¯‘wZ, gvbwmK cwiYgb, gvbem¤ú` Dbœqb I
e¨env‡ii aib, mvgvwRK iƒcvšÍ‡ii `xN©‡gqv`x cwi‡cÖwÿZ, fwel¨‡Zi Kg©Rxe‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z Kiv BZ¨vw`|
G †cÖÿvc‡U wkÿv_x©i gvbwmK I mvgvwRK Avkv-AvKv•ÿv, Ávb, `ÿZv I BwZevPK `„wófw½i weKvk;
†`k‡cÖwgK I KZ©e¨wbôv; gvbevwaKv‡ii cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj bvMwiK ˆZwi, mr I Kg©ÿg Rxebhvcb,
cigZmwnòzZv I ms‡e`bkxjZv; AvaywbK weÁvbgb¯‹ K‡i M‡o †Zvjv BZ¨vw`‡K wkÿvµ‡gi jÿ¨
wba©vi‡Y ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv nq|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Curriculum Development- 7

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

wkÿvµ‡gi wfwË
wkÿvµ‡gi wfwË n‡”Q RvZxq wkÿvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨| †Kvb †`‡ki wkÿve¨e¯’vi jÿ¨ I D‡Ï‡k¨i cÖavb
Drm n‡jv RbM‡Yi Pvwn`v, cÖ‡qvRb I Avkv-AvKv•ÿv hv H †`‡ki mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, mvs¯‹…wZK I
ivR‰bwZK wµqvKjv‡ci Dci wfwË K‡i wbYx©Z n‡q _v‡K| Gme wKQzi g~j n‡jv RvZxq Rxeb`k©b|
RvZxq Rxeb `k©‡bi g‡a¨B GKwU RvwZi wkÿvµ‡gi KvVv‡gv I cÖK…wZ wbwnZ _v‡K|

GQvov wkÿvµg cÖYq‡b AviI wKQz welq we‡ePbv Kiv nq| GKwU †`‡ki wkÿvµ‡gi KvVv‡gv mvaviYZ †h
me wel‡qi Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o I‡V †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
 ivóªxq I RvZxq Rxeb`k©b ev Av`k©
 Av_©-mvgvwRK-AeKvVv‡gvMZ Ae¯’v
 ms¯‹…wZK, mvgvwRK cwi‡cÖwÿZ
 RvZxq BwZnvm-HwZn¨ I g~j¨‡eva
 RbM‡Yi agx©q †PZbv, wek¦vm I mgKvjxb Rxebe¨e¯’v
 †`‡ki cÖPwjZ wkÿve¨e¯’v
 e¯‘MZ m¤ú‡`i cÖvc¨Zv
 wkÿv_x©i mgKvjxb I fwel¨Z Pvwn`v
 mgv‡Ri mvwe©K Dbœqb Kg©KvÐ I Riæwi Pvwn`v
 fwel¨Z mgvR wbg©v‡Y weÁvb I cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii iƒc‡iLv|

wkÿvµ‡gi cÖK…wZ I cwimi

 wkÿvµg n‡”Q wkÿvi jÿ¨ AR©‡bi wek` cwiKíbv| GwU †Kvb ¯Í‡ii ev wel‡qi wkÿv m¤úwK©Z
Kg©ZrciZvi mvgwMÖK bxjbKkv Ges Kg©m¤úv`‡bi avivevwnK cÖwµqv|
 wkÿvµ‡gi cwimi eû we¯Í…Z| wkÿvµg †Kej GKwU wel‡q GKwU †kÖwYi Rb¨ cÖYxZ n‡Z cv‡i|
Avevi GKwU wel‡q GKwU m¤ú~Y© ¯Í‡ii Rb¨ wkÿvµg ˆZwi n‡Z cv‡i| GQvov GKwU wkÿv¯Íi ev
avivi mKj welq I mKj ¯Í‡ii Rb¨I GwU cÖYqb Kiv nq|
 wkÿvµg cÖYq‡b †h w`K¸‡jv we‡ePbv Kiv nq Zv n‡jvÑ wkÿv_x©iv Kx wkL‡e? KLb, Kxfv‡e, Kvi
mnvqZvq Ges KZ mgq a‡i wkL‡e? wkÿv`v‡b Kx wkLb mvgMÖx I DcKiY e¨eüZ n‡e? wkÿ‡Ki
Kx †hvM¨Zv _vK‡Z n‡e? wkÿv_x©i AR©b‡K Kxfv‡e cwigvc Kiv n‡e? BZ¨vw`|
 wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨, wkLb AwfÁZv, welqe¯‘, wkLb-mvgMÖx cÖYqb, Drcv`b, mieivn, wkÿK cÖwkÿY
(we¯ÍiY), †fŠZ myweav, mnvqK wkÿv DcKiY, wkLb AMÖMwZ cwigvc BZ¨vw` meB †hb GKxf~Z I
Awfbœ avivq cÖevwnZ nq wkÿvµg cÖYq‡b †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivLv nq|
 wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ KvRmg~nI (cwi`k©b, ZË¡veavb, cÖwkÿY I cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvMvb
BZ¨vw`) wkÿvµ‡gi cwim‡ii AšÍfz©³|
 wkÿvµg †h †Kvb wkÿv aviv (AvbyôvwbK I DcvbyôvwbK) Ges cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ cÖYxZ n‡Z cv‡i|

BDwbU- 1 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 8

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

wkÿvµ‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
wkÿvi gva¨‡g fwel¨Z cÖRb¥‡K M‡o †Zvjvi kw³kvwj I Kvh©Ki cwiKíbv nj wkÿvµg| GwU
wkÿve¨e¯’v‡K D‡Ïk¨gyLx, mg‡qvc‡hvMx, Kg©wfwËK K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| wkÿv I wkÿve¨e¯’vi
mKj Kg©Kv‡Ði †K›`ªwe›`y nj wkÿvµg| wkÿvµg Qvov wkÿv`vb Kvh©µg D‡Ïk¨gyLx, avivevwnK I
mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv KwVb| wkÿv`vb Kvh©µg wkÿvµg cwiKíbviB Ask| wkÿv_x©i mvwe©K weKv‡ki
j‡ÿ¨ KLb, Kx I KZUzKz †kLv‡Z n‡e, Kxfv‡e wkL‡e †m m¤ú‡K© wkÿvµg cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv †`q|
AZGe, wkÿvµ‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv bvbvgyLx|
 wkÿvµg Áv‡bi fvÐvi †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb AMÖvwaKv‡ii wfwˇZ kbv³ K‡i|
 mgvR I e¨w³i cÖ‡qvRbvbymv‡i wkÿvi welqe¯‘ wPwýZ I web¨¯Í K‡i|
 wkÿv_x©‡`i aviYÿgZv Abymv‡i wkLb Kv‡Ri gvÎv wba©viY K‡i|
 weÁvbm¤§Z I hyw³m½Z Dcv‡q welqe¯‘ web¨vm K‡i|
 welqe¯‘i cvi¤úh© Ges avivevwnKZv iÿv I mgš^qmvab K‡i|
 †kÖwY wkÿvi ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœq‡b wkÿK cÖwkÿY‡K †Rvi`vi K‡i|
 we`¨vj‡qi †fZ‡i I evB‡i wewfbœ cÖKvi Kg©ZrciZvi gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©i me©gyLx AwfÁZv AR©‡bi
c_ cÖk¯Í K‡i|
wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wPi cv_©K¨
A‡b‡KB wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wP‡K GKB A‡_© e¨envi K‡ib| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Df‡qi g‡a¨ KZK¸‡jv my¯úó
cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ
1| wkÿvµg GKwU e¨vcK aviYv| cvV¨m~wP wkÿvµ‡gi GKwU AskgvÎ|
2| wkÿvµg nj GKwU wkÿv¯Í‡ii mKj wkÿYxq wel‡qi (Ávb, `ÿZv, †hvM¨Zv, g~j¨‡eva BZ¨vvw`) I
Kg©Kv‡Ði c~Y©v½ iƒc‡iLv| Avi cvV¨m~wP nj GKwU cvV¨wel‡q Kx Kx welqe¯‘ †kLv‡bv n‡e Zvi
ZvwjKv|
3| wkÿvµ‡gi jÿ¨ wkÿv_x©i mvgwMÖK Rxe‡bi weKvkmvab| cÿvšÍ‡i cvV¨m~wP wkÿv_x©i GKwU we‡kl
w`‡Ki weKvk mvab|
4| wkÿvµg GKwU ¯Í‡ii Rb¨ cÖYxZ n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ cvV¨m~wP GKwU ¯Í‡ii AšÍfz©³ cÖ‡Z¨KwU wel‡qi Rb¨
Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e cÖYqb Ki‡Z nq|
5| mvgwMÖK wePv‡i wkÿvµg GKwU e„ÿ n‡j cvV¨m~wP n‡e H e„‡ÿi kvLv-cÖkvLv|

wkÿvµg Dbœq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

wkÿvµg †Kvb ¯’wei welq bq, eis wkÿvµg cÖYqb GKwU MwZkxj cÖwµqv| KviY mgv‡R/†`‡k/we‡k¦
me©ÎB cÖwZwbqZ wewfbœ ai‡bi cwieZ©b I Dbœqb mvwaZ n‡”Q| mvgvwRK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi ¯^v‡_© wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii
wkÿvq Zvi h_vh_ AšÍfz©w³ cÖ‡qvRb| cwiewZ©Z mvgvwRK G Pvwn`vi mv‡_ m½wZ iÿvi cÖ‡qvR‡bB
wkÿvµ‡gi cwigvR©b, Dbœqb I AvaywbKvqb cÖ‡qvRb nq| †Kej mgv‡RiB bq, wkÿv_x©‡K mgv‡Ri

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Curriculum Development- 9

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

Pvwn`vi Dc‡hvMx K‡i M‡o †Zvjv Ges wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ `ÿZvi Dbœq‡bI wkÿvµg Dbœqb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
G Rb¨ c„w_exi mKj †`‡kB avivevwnKfv‡e wkÿvµg cwigvR©b I Dbœq‡bi Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
Avgv‡`i †`‡k RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©I wbqwgZfv‡e K‡qK eQi ci ci cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK
¯Í‡ii wkÿvµg cwigvR©b/Dbœq‡bi KvRwU m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K|

mnwkÿvµ‡gi (Co-curriculum) aviYv I ¸iæZ¡

wkÿvi cÖvPxb aviYv Abyhvqx wkÿvµ‡g ZvwË¡K Ávb Avni‡Yi Dci ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv n‡Zv| wkÿvµ‡gi
AvaywbK aviYvq wkÿvi KvR A‡bK e¨vcK| eZ©gv‡b wkÿv ej‡Z wkÿv_x©i me©v½xb Z_v ˆ`wnK, gvbwmK,
Ava¨vwZ¥K weKvk Ges Kg©`ÿZv, mvgvwRK I Aemi hvc‡bi ÿgZvi weKvk‡K †evSvq| G j‡ÿ¨ wkÿv
cÖwZôv‡b wkÿv_x©i me©v½xb weKv‡k bvbv Kg©m~wP M„nxZ nq hvi iƒc‡iLv n‡jv wkÿvµg| Gi g‡a¨ KZ¸‡jv
wkÿv_x©iv †kÖwYK‡ÿi wfZ‡i wkÿ‡Ki wb‡`©kbvq AR©b K‡i| evKx¸‡jv †kÖwYK‡ÿi evB‡i wkÿ‡Ki
wb‡`©kbvq wkÿv_x©iv ¯^vaxbfv‡e AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB wØZxq ch©v‡qi AwfÁZv¸‡jv AR©‡bi m‡½
m¤úK©hy³ KvR¸‡jv‡K mnwkÿvµwgK KvR ejv nq| †hgb- †Ljvayjv, Awfbq, weZK©mfv, e„wËg~jK KvR,
wkÿv mdi BZ¨vw`|

†kÖwYK‡ÿi Af¨šÍ‡i Ávbg~jK PP©vi cvkvcvwk wkÿv_x©i me©v½xb weKv‡k mnwkÿvµwgK KvR¸‡jv mgvb
¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ÔmnÕ ej‡Z GLv‡b mn‡hvMx eySvq bv| eis wkÿvµ‡gi g‡a¨ eZ©gvb ev AšÍfz©³ Kvh©vewj‡KB
eySvq| Dfq Kvh©µ‡gi mgš^‡qB wkÿvµ‡gi D‡Ïk¨ AwR©Z nq| mnwkÿvµwgK KvR wkÿv_x©i m¤¢vebvi
weKvk NUvq, AvZ¥wek¦vm m„wó K‡i, mvgvwRK ˆewkó¨ MVb K‡i, mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve I †bZ…‡Z¡i ¸Yvewj
ˆZwi K‡i, we`¨vj‡qi wkLb cwi‡ek‡K AvKl©Yxq K‡i, k„•Ljvc~Y© gvbweK m¤úK© M‡o Zy‡j| m‡e©vcwi
ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK weKvk I Aemi hvc‡bi wkÿv †`q| †KejgvÎ †kÖwYK‡ÿi cvV¨cy¯ÍKwfwËK Ávbg~jK
PP©vi gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©i GmKj w`‡Ki weKvk †Kvbfv‡eB m¤¢e bq| ZvB mKj wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bB
mnwkÿvµwgK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Dci ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| Zv bv n‡j wkÿv_x©i mvwe©K weKvk m¤¢e n‡e
bv|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 1.2

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1. wkÿvµ‡gi jÿ¨ Kx‡mi wfwˇZ wba©vwiZ nq ?
K. wkÿv_x©i cÖ¯‘wZ
L. RvZxq wkÿvi jÿ¨
M. mvgvwRK cÖZ¨vkv
N. gvbem¤ú` Dbœq‡bi jÿgvÎv

BDwbU- 1 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 10

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

2. wkÿvµ‡gi cÖK…wZ I cwimi m¤úwK©Z wb‡Pi †Kvb e³e¨wU mwVK ?

K. wkÿvµg ¯ÍiwfwËK n‡q _v‡K
L. wkÿv_x© Kx wkL‡e Zv Av‡jvPbv K‡i
M. wkÿvi jÿ¨ AR©‡bi wek` cwiKíbv
N. AvbyôvwbK wkÿvi Rb¨ wkÿvµg cÖYxZ nq
3. evsjv‡`‡ki gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿvµ‡gi cÖYq‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i †Kvb ms¯’v ?
K. wkÿv gš¿Yvjq
L. GbwmwUwe
M. ¯^ ¯^ ¯‹zj/K‡jR
N. gva¨wgK I D”P wkÿv Awa`ßi

mwVK DËi: 1| L; 2| M; 3| L|

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

1. wkÿvµ‡gi jÿ¨ Kx‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i wba©viY Kiv nq Ges Kxfv‡e?
2. wkÿvµ‡gi KvVv‡gv †Kvb †Kvb wel‡qi Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡V?
3. wkÿvµ‡gi cwiKíbvq †Kvb w`K¸‡jv we‡ePbv Kiv nq?
4. wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wPi cv_©K¨ Kx?
5. wkÿvµg I mnwkÿvµ‡gi cv_©K¨ D‡jøL Kiæb|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1. wkÿvµ‡gi jÿ¨ Kx? jÿ¨ wba©vi‡Y †Kvb †Kvb wel‡q ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv nq?
2. wkÿvµ‡gi cÖK…wZ I cwimi Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
3. Òwkÿvµg Qvov wkÿv`vb Kvh©µg D‡Ïk¨gyLx, avivevwnK I mwVKfv‡e cwiPvibv Kiv Am¤¢eÓÑ
e³e¨wUi h_v_©Zv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
4. wkÿvµg †Kvb ¯’wei welq bq †Kb Zv e¨vL¨vc~e©K wkÿvµg Dbœq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
5. mnwkÿvµg Kx? wkÿvµ‡gi jÿ¨ AR©‡b mnwkÿvµwgK Kv‡Ri ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Curriculum Development- 11

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV- 1.3: wk¶vµg cÖYq‡bi bxwZgvjv I AvaywbK MwZaviv

[Principles and Modern Trends of Curriculum Construction]

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV Aa¨qb †k‡l AvcwbÑ

 wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi bxwZgvjv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi AvaywbK MwZaviv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wkÿvµg cÖYqb GKwU avievwnK cÖwµqv| we‡k¦i cÖvq mKj ivóªB wbqwgZfv‡e wewfbœ wkÿvi
wkÿvµg cÖYqb/cwigvR©b/Dbœqb K‡i _v‡K| wkÿvµg cÖYqb/cwigvR©‡bi †ek wKQz cÖwZwôZ
bxwZgvjv Av‡Q hv G‡ÿ‡Î AbymiY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Zv n‡j wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi KvRwU AwaKZi
djcÖm~ nq| GQvov mgvR I mf¨Zvi cwieZ©b I AvaywbKvq‡bi d‡j Ggb A‡bK Pvwn`vi m„wó
nq, hv wkÿvµ‡g h_v_©fv‡e cÖwZdjb NUv‡Z nq|

wk¶vµg cÖYq‡bi bxwZgvjv

wk¶vµg cÖYq‡bi wKQz GKv‡WwgK bxwZgvjv i‡q‡Q| wb‡P G¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvÑ
1| wkÿvi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨: wkÿvbxwZ Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi ivóªxq I RvZxq `wj‡j GKwU iv‡óªi wkÿvi jÿ¨
Kx n‡e †m m¤úwK©Z w`Kwb‡`©kbv D‡jøL _v‡K| wkÿvµ‡g Gme w`K¸‡jvi cÖwZdjb NUv‡Z nq|
2| wkÿv_x©‡Kw›`ªK: wkÿvµg, wkÿv_x©i Pvwn`v, AvMÖn, mvg_©, aviY ÿgZv BZ¨vw` w`K‡K wfwË K‡i cÖYqb
Ki‡Z nq| A_©vr wkÿvµg n‡e wkÿv_x©‡Kw›`ªK| wewfbœ ai‡bi wkÿvg~jK Kg©Kv‡Ð mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi
gva¨‡g †kLvi my‡hvM _vK‡Z n‡e|
3| e¨w³i mvgvwRK Pvwn`vi cÖwZdjb: gvbyl mvgvwRK Rxe| wkÿv_x© mgv‡RB R›gMÖnY K‡i I †e‡o D‡V|
AvaywbK wkÿv e¨w³i wbR¯^ mË¡v I mvgvwRK mË¡v Dfq w`‡Ki weKvk‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`q| wkÿvµg cÖYq‡b
Gw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|
4| m„RbkxjZvi weKvk: wkÿvi KvR †KejgvÎ AZxZ AwfÁZv‡K msiÿY Kiv bq| wkÿv_x© wbR¯^
m¤¢vebv I m„RbkxjZvi DbœqbI wkÿvi KvR| AZGe, wkÿvµg wkÿv_x©i m„RbkxjZvi weKvk‡K
¸iæZ¡ w`‡e| Zv‡`i wPšÍvkw³i weKv‡k †Rvi w`‡Z n‡e|
5| fwel¨rg~Lx Kiv: wkÿv n‡e RxebwfwËK| Z‡e wkÿv ïay eZ©gvb Rxeb cwiw¯’wZ‡KB ¸iæZ¡ w`‡e bv|
wkÿv_x©‡K fwel¨Z Rxe‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bI cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡e| myZivs wkÿvµg cÖYqb I Dbœq‡b hyMcr
mgv‡Ri fwel¨Z Pvwn`v‡KI we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e|

BDwbU- 1 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 12

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

6| Rxeb avi‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ: wkÿv_x©i cvwicvwk¦©K cwi‡e‡ki Kg©KvÐ Ges G¸‡jvi gva¨‡g Kxfv‡e e¨w³i
Rxe‡bi Pvwn`vmg~‡ni cwic~iY n‡”Q †m m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi my‡hvM wkÿvµ‡g _vK‡e|
7| msiÿY Kiv: gvbeRvwZi mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ msiÿ‡Yi I Zv‡K fwel¨ZgyLx Kivi Ab¨Zg gva¨g
wkÿv| wkÿvi gva¨‡g gvbyl Zvi AwR©Z AwfÁZv msiÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g AvMvgx w`‡bi cwieZ©bkxj
mgv‡Ri mv‡_ Lvc LvIqvi Dc‡hvMx `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î we`¨vj‡qi f~wgKv wØgyLxÑ
(1) AZxZ AwfÁZvi msiÿY Ges (2) fwel¨Z mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ Zvi mÂvjb| wkÿvµg cÖYq‡b
Gw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|
8| welqe¯‘i mgš^q I mnm¤úK© iÿv: wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi mgq Aek¨B †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z
welqe¯‘mg~n †hŠw³Kfv‡e I g‡bvweÁv‡bi bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx web¨¯Í nq| Gi d‡j wewfbœ wel‡qi
g‡a¨ h_v_© mgš^q I m¤úK© ¯’vcb m¤¢e n‡e|
9| e¨w³i g‡a¨ we`¨gvb cv_©K¨‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv: wkÿvµg Ggbfv‡e cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i cÖwZwU
wkïi/wkÿv_x© AvZ¥-cÖKvk I Dbœq‡bi my‡hvM _v‡K| G j‡ÿ¨ wkÿvµg‡K e¨w³K cv_©‡K¨i
g‡bv‰eÁvwbK wfwËi Dci `uvo Kiv‡Z n‡e hv AvaywbK MYZvwš¿K mgvRe¨e¯’vq RwUjZv Dcjwä
Ki‡Z I Zvi mgvav‡b mnvqK n‡e|
10| wkLb mÿgZv: wkÿvµ‡gi AšÍfz©³ cÖwZwU welq/welqe¯‘ wkÿv_x©i †kLvi Dc‡hvMx n‡Z n‡e| †mB
mv‡_ welqe¯‘mg~‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxqZvI _vK‡Z n‡e|
11| mvgvwRK mswkøóZv I Dc‡hvwMZv: wkÿvµ‡gi AšÍfz©³ welqmg~n Ggbfv‡e Pqb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i
wkLb †ÿÎ (discipline) wn‡m‡e Zvi ¸iæZ¡ _v‡K| †mB mv‡_ Zvi wbR¯^ ¸iæZ¡, mvgvwRK
cÖvmw½KZv I Dc‡hvwMZv _v‡K|
12| AeKvk mg‡qi mبenvi: †Ljvayjv, wkíPP©v, bv›`wbK g~j¨‡eva m„wó‡Z mnvqK welqe¯‘ wkÿvµ‡g
AšÍfy©³ Kivi gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©i Aemi mgqUv‡K Kvh©Ki I Avb›`Nb e¨env‡ii my‡hvM _vK‡e
wkÿvµ‡g|
13| wewfbœZvi ¯^xK…wZ I bgbxqZv: wkÿvµ‡gi mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ n‡e mK‡ji ¯^vfvweK weKvk I Dbœqb| Zv
m‡Ë¡I wkÿv_x©‡`i g‡a¨ we`¨gvb wewfbœZv‡K (†Q‡j‡g‡q, RvwZ, †Mvôx, mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v
BZ¨vw`) g~j¨vqb Ki‡e I cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki we‡kl Pvwn`vi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc|

wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi mv¤úªwZK MwZaviv

evsjv‡`kmn we‡k¦i mKj †`‡k `ªæZ mvgvwRK weeZ©b NU‡Q| G weeZ©‡bi mv‡_ wkÿv_x©‡`i Lvc LvB‡q
Pjvi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi wkÿvi `iKvi Zv wb‡q µgvMZ wPšÍvfvebv I M‡elYv n‡”Q| mvgvwRK weeZ©‡bi
m~PK¸‡jv wkÿv‡K bvbvfv‡e cÖfvweZ Ki‡Q| d‡j wkÿvµg cÖYq‡b Gw`K¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_
we‡ewPZ n‡”Q|
1| Ávb RM‡Zi we‡ùviY: Ávb RMr AwZ `ªæZ e„w× cv‡”Q| bZzb m„ó cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb Avni‡Yi cvkvcvwk
wkÿv_x©‡`i cwiewZ©Z I RwUj cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Lvc LvIqvi †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b wkÿvµg mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb
Ki‡e|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Curriculum Development- 13

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

2| cÖhyw³MZ AMÖMwZ: eZ©gvb we‡k¦ cÖhyw³i †ÿ‡Î wecøe I AMÖMwZ mvwaZ n‡q‡Q Ges n‡”Q hv Avgv‡`i
cÖwZwbqZ bZzb bZzb cÖhyw³ Dcnvi w`‡”Q| G¸‡jv e¨envi K‡i `ªæZ I AwaKZi mÿgZvi mv‡_
wkÿvg~jK Kg©KvÐmn Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KvÐ cwiPvjbv Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q| A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZ‡Z Gme beZi
Ávb I cÖhyw³ mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvkxj we‡k¦ wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ G mKj cÖhyw³MZ
Ávb AvniY Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o‡Q| GQvov eZ©gvb hyM AvB.wm.wU.-i hyM, hv gvby‡li Rxe‡bi mKj
w`K‡K ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| cÖhyw³ Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi A‡bK KvR‡K mnR, myweavRbK Ges gvbm¤úbœ
K‡i‡Q| d‡j cÖhyw³ wbf©iZvi G hy‡M mK‡ji G wel‡q Ávb I `ÿZv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| eZ©gv‡b wkÿvi
Ab¨Zg KvR e¨w³i Rxeb `ÿZvI evov‡bv| d‡j wkÿvµ‡gi djcÖm~ ev¯Íevq‡b wkÿv_x©‡`i
AvB.wm.wU-Gi Ávb I `ÿZv Acwinvh©| wkLb-†kLv‡bv cÖwµqvqI Gi djcÖm~ e¨envi Riæwi|
wkÿvµg cÖ‡YZvMY wkÿvµg cÖYq‡b Aek¨B G w`KwUi Dci ¸iæZ¡ w`‡eb|
3| Pvwn`vwfwËK wkÿvµg: AvaywbK wkÿve¨e¯’v Pvwn`vwfwËK wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi Dci AZ¨waK ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb
K‡i _v‡K| e¨w³MZ, mvgvwRK, ivóªxq I ˆewk¦K Pvwn`vi K_v gv_vq †i‡L wkÿvµg cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e|
4| GKwesk kZvãxi `ÿZvq ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc: eZ©gv‡b wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î mn‡hvwMZv, m~² wPšÍv (critical thinking),
djcÖm~ †hvMv‡hvM `ÿZv, `ÿ e¨e¯’vcbv Ges mngwg©Zvi Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv nq| mKj wel‡qi
wkÿvµg cÖYq‡b GKwesk kZvãxi Gme `ÿZv AR©‡bi Dci ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e|
5| AvšÍR©vwZKZvi aviYv: eZ©gv‡b wek¦vq‡bi aviYv cy‡iv c„w_ex‡K GKwU wek¦ MÖv‡g (global village)
cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| myZivs cy‡iv wek¦Uv‡K GKwU cwievi wn‡m‡e a‡i wb‡q wkÿvµ‡gi ga¨ w`‡q
wkÿv_x©‡`i g‡a¨ AvšÍR©vwZKZvi g‡bvfv‡ei weKvk I cÖmvi NUv‡Z n‡e| wkÿvµ‡gi KvR n‡e
wkÿv_x©‡`i Rb¨ G ai‡bi cwi‡ek ˆZwii my‡hvM m„wó Kiv|
6| MVbev`(Constructivism): eZ©gv‡b MVbev`‡K wkÿvi GKwU †gŠwjK bxwZgvjv wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv
nq| MVbev‡` wek¦vm Kiv nq †h cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_x©‡K †Kvb welq m¤ú‡K© Zvi wbR¯^ aviYv MV‡bi
¯^vaxbZv w`‡Z n‡e| A_©vr wkÿv_x©‡K †Rvi K‡i wKQz †kLv‡bv ev gyL¯’ K‡i †kLv‡bvi Dcvq cwinvi
Ki‡Z n‡e| wkÿv_x©‡K wkLb cÖwµqvq mwµq AskMÖnY Kiv‡bvi gva¨‡g †kLv‡Z n‡e| hw` wkÿv_x©
Ávb/aviYv MV‡b cy‡ivcwi mwµq _v‡K Zvn‡j wkLb cÖwµqv djcÖm~ n‡e| AZGe, mKj wkÿvµ‡g
MVbev‡`i wfwˇZ wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
7| wewfbœ wel‡qi g‡a¨ mgš^qmvab: eZ©gv‡b eû †`k wkÿvi welqe¯‘i K‡qKwU †ÿ·K msMwVZ K‡i
GKwU mgwš^Z wkÿvµg cÖYqb Kivi Dci ¸iæZ¡ w`‡”Q| Gi d‡j wkÿv_x©‡`i g‡a¨ †Kvb wel‡q
mvgwMÖK Ávb, `ÿZv I `„wófw½i weKv‡ki my‡hvM N‡U, hv ev¯Íe mgm¨v mgvav‡b AwaKZi Kvh©Kix
nq| wkÿvµg cÖYq‡b Gw`‡KI †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|
8| K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vq‡b ¸iæZ¡¡v‡ivc: eZ©gv‡b wkÿv_x©i wkLb AMÖMwZ cwigv‡c cÖ_vMZ 2/3wU AvbyôvwbK
mvgwqK cixÿv MÖn‡Yi cwie‡Z© avivevwnK g~j¨vqb, mgm¨v mgvavb, ev¯ÍewfwËK e¨envwiK KvR,
†gŠwLK cixÿv, ch©‡eÿY BZ¨vw` mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡bi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv n‡”Q| Gi d‡j wkÿv_x©i
K…wZZ¡ AwaKZi m~Pviæiƒ‡c g~j¨vqb Kiv m¤¢e nq|

wkÿvµg cÖYq‡b DcwiwjøwLZ w`K¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e g~j¨vqb Kiv DwPZ| wkÿvµg cÖ‡YZvMY G wel‡q
Aek¨B †Lqvj ivL‡eb| cÖ‡qvR‡b wkÿK, wkÿv_x©, we‡klÁ I mswkøóRb‡`i mv‡_ cÖ‡qvRbxq Avjvc
Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wkÿvµ‡gi welqe¯‘, wkLb-†kLv‡bv cÖwµqvi aib, g~j¨vqb BZ¨vw` wba©viY Ki‡eb|

BDwbU- 1 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 14

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 1.3

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1. wkÿvµ‡gi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ Kx‡mi wfwˇZ wba©viY Kiv nq?
K. mvgvwRK Pvwn`v
L. AvšÍR©vwZK `wjj
M. ivóªxq I RvZxq `wjj
N. wkÿv Dbœqb cÖK‡íi Pvwn`v
2. wkÿvµg‡K wkÿv_x©‡Kw›`ªK Ki‡Z n‡j †Kvb wel‡q ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e?
K. wkÿv_x©i mwµq AskMÖnY
L. mvgvwRK Pvwn`v
M. m„RbkxjZvi weKvk
N. RxebwfwËK Kiv
3. MVbev‡`i g~jK_v Kx?
K. wkÿv_x©‡K †Rvi K‡i wKQz †kLv‡bv
L. wkLb cÖwµqvq mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g †kLv
M. GKv GKv †kLv
N. wkÿ‡Ki wb‡`©kbvq †kLv
4. we‡k¦i cÖhyw³MZ AMÖMwZi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q Pj‡Z n‡j wkÿv_x©‡`i Rb¨ Kx Acwinvh©?
K. bZzb Ávb m¤ú‡K© Rvbv
L. wek¦vq‡bi aviYv
M. AvBwmwUi Ávb I `ÿZv
N. djcÖm~ †hvMv‡hvM `ÿZv

mwVK DËi: 1| M; 2| K; 3| L; 4| M|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Curriculum Development- 15

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

1. wkÿvµg cÖYqb/cwigvR©‡bi KvRwU Kx‡mi wfwˇZ nIqv DwPZ Ges †Kb?
2. wkÿvµg Kxfv‡e gvbeRvwZi AwR©Z AwfÁZv‡K msiÿY Ki‡e?
3. wkÿvµg cÖYq‡b e¨w³MZ cv_©K¨‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv DwPZ †Kb?
4. wkÿvµg cÖYq‡b MVbev‡`i ¸iæZ¡ Zz‡j aiæb|
5. GKwesk kZvãxi `ÿZv¸‡jv Kx? wkÿvµ‡g G¸‡jv‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx?
6. AvaywbK wkÿvµ‡g wkÿv_x©i K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vq‡b †Kvb w`K¸‡jvi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv DwPZ? †Kb?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1. wkÿvµg cÖYq‡b GKv‡WwgK bxwZgvjv¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
2. wkÿvµg cÖYq‡bi mv¤úªwZK Pvwn`v¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb|
3. eZ©gvb we‡k¦ wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î cÖhyw³MZ wecø‡ei cÖfve e¨vL¨v Kiæb Ges Gi mv‡_ m½wZ iÿvq wkÿvµ‡g Kx
ai‡bi cwieZ©b cÖ‡qvRb D‡jøL Kiæb|

BDwbU- 1 wk¶vµg Dbœqb- 16