NSTP REVIEWER 5.

Helps teachers have mastery of learning

and responds to learner’s needs inside
MODULE 6: TOOLS IN
classroom;
COMMUNITY/LITERACY SERVICE
6. Helps teachers relearn what they need to
- The Department of Education
teach;
recognizes that instructional planning
is essential to successful teaching and 7. Helps teachers know their learners, teach
learning (Enclosure to DepEd Order what students need to learn – ensures
No. 42, s2016). curriculum coverages, and;
- The legal basis of which is Article IV,
8. Helps teachers identify expectations for
Section 2 of the Code of Ethics for
learners, choose the materials, and organize
Professional Teachers adopted in 1997
the sequential activities.
through Board Resolution No. 435 by
the Board of Professional Teachers LESSON PLANNING
stating that, “Every teacher the highest
The following is a detailed discussion of
standards of quality education, shall
lesson planning as indicated in enclosure to
make the best preparations for the
DepEd No. 42, s. 2016.
career of teaching, and shall be at his
best at all times in the practice of his - is one way of planning instruction.
profession.” - a way of visualizing a lesson before it is
taught.
INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING
- Lesson planning helps teachers set
- Process of determining what learning learning targets.
opportunities students in school will - It also helps teachers guarantee that
have by: learners reach those targets.
- By planning lessons, teachers are able
1. Planning the content of instruction
to see to it that daily activities inside
2. Selecting teaching materials the classroom lead to learner progress
and achievement or the attainment of
3. Designing the learning activities and
learning outcomes.
grouping methods; and
Scrivener (2005), a planning a Lesson entails
4. Deciding on the pacing and allocation of
“prediction, anticipation, sequencing, and
instructional time.
simplifying.” Lesson planning is a critical part
BENEFITS OF INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING: of the teaching and learning process.
1. Increases teacher’s chance of carrying out LESSON PLANNING
of a lesson successfully;
A. What should be taught? - The teacher
2. Allows teachers to be more confident must have a deep understanding of the
before starting a lesson; curriculum and strive to teach its
content.
3. Inculcates reflective practice as it allows
B. How should it be taught? - With a
teachers to think about their teaching;
lesson plan, teachers can predict which
4. Facilitates learning and responds to part ofthe lesson learners will have
learner’s needs inside the classroom; difficulty understanding.
 C. How should learning be assessed? - 1. PRINT MOTIVATION - the first step of
Effective teachers do not only prepare emergent literacy. Through this step,
lessons plans,they also prepare an children become interested in print
assessment or specifically a formative materials because this step occurs the
assessment plan. child can actually read or write.
2. VOCABULARY - significant predictor to
TEACHING STRATEGIES
a child’s overall academic achievement.
- An instructional strategy is what a Vocabulary can be measured or seen
teacher uses in the classroom to as a child’s ability to know to read or
achieve the objectives of a lesson. write.
- A teacher can use a strategy or a 3. PRINT AWARENESS - the step in which
combination of strategies. children learn how to handle a book
and begin to recognize the differences
EVALUATION TOOLS
between letters and words.
- are necessary to assist teachers, 4. NARATIVE SKILLS - refer to the literacy
specially NSTP students, assess step when children develop the ability
engagement practices and evaluate the to tell a story or describe a sequence of
progress of the children being taught. events.
- Ron Spreeuwenberg (August 25, 5. LETTER AWARENESS - occurs when
2015), listed a number of education children understand that letters are
assessment tools that can be used to unique from each other and begin to
better assess the progress of the recognize different letters and their
children. sounds.
EMERGENT LITERACY 6. PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS - the
process by which children begin to
- Considering that most of the children being understand that words are made up of
taught in partner communities are a street different sounds or phonemes, and
child and/ or those who have not attended a that stringing these sounds together
formal school yet, it is important to creates words and results in meaning.
understand the concept of emergent literacy,
which is an appropriate approach in the NUMERACY TRAINING SERVICE
conduct of Literacy Training Services. - development of numeracy skills
WHAT IS EMERGENT LITERACY? involves the act of teaching children
the concepts and skills in ways that
- Defined as the developmental steps a relationships and connections are
young child takes prior to actually formed and apply them meaningfully
reading text, including interacting with in their daily experiences.
a book, responding text and
pretending at reading or writing before
actually being able to do so.
A number of skills and abilities define a
student’s acquisition of emergent literacy. To
successfully achieve this, a student should
manifest:
NUMERACY IN THE EARLY YEARS can figure out how to break words into parts
when trying to sound them out.
- Children’s thinking in the early years is
naturally dominated by their
perception or what their senses tell
them. To help them in the learning and
development of various abstract
numeracy concepts, teachers must
provide them with opportunities to:
• explore with objects
• hear the sounds of the words
representing the objects
• look at pictures of the objects
• recognize written words or symbols in
their daily play experiences
• talk about their solutions when solving
problems
COMPUTER-BASED LITERACY
- a comprehensive series of training
courses that teaches the essential
computer concepts and skills needed
in today’s digital world.
Some of the topics in the computer literacy
training course are the following:
a. basic computer skills
b. surfing the internet
c. email
d. Microsoft office
SUGGESTED COMMUNITY OUTREACH
PROGRAM
- Talking, singing, playing sound and
word games, reading, writing, and
drawing with children are great ways to
set a good literacy foundation.
PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS – HEAR AND
KNOW SOUNDS ON WORDS
When children recognize rhymes, syllables
and beginning sounds in words, they
MODULE 7: PROGRAM MONITORING AND TYPES OF EVALUATION
EVALUATION
• PARTICIPATORY - Evaluation in which
TYPES OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION representatives of agencies and
stakeholders work together in
• MONITORING - the systematic and
designing, carrying out and
routine collection of data during
interpreting an evaluation.
project implementation for the
• PROCESS BASED - an evaluation of the
purpose of establishing whether an
internal dynamics of a project, its
intervention is moving towards the set
policy instruments, its service delivery
objectives or project goals. In this case,
mechanisms, its management
data is collected throughout the life
practices, and the linkages among
cycle of the project.
these.
• PROCESS MONITORING/PHYSICAL
• OUTCOME BASED EVALUATION - it
PROGRESS MONITORING - routine
facilitates the asking if the organization
data is collected and analyzed in order
is doing right activities to bring about
to establish whether the project tasks
the expected outcomes.
and activities are leading towards the
intended project results. It 10 STEPS TO DESIGN A MONITORING AND
authenticates the progress of the EVALUATION (M&E) SYSTEM
project towards the intended results.
STEP 1: DEFINE THE SCOPE AND PURPOSE -
• TECHNICAL MONITORING - involves
This step involves identifying the evaluation
assessing the strategy that is being
audience and the purpose of the M&E
used in project implementation to
system. M&E purposes include supporting
establish whether it is achieving the
management and decision-making, learning,
required results. It involves the
accountability and stakeholder engagement.
technical aspects of the project such as
the activities to be conducted. STEP 2: DEFINE THE EVALUATION QUESTIONS
• ASSUMPTION MONITORING - Any - Evaluation questions should be developed
project has its working assumptions up-front and in collaboration with the primary
which have to be clearly outlined in the audience(s) and other stakeholders who you
project log frame. Assumption intend to report to. Evaluation questions go
monitoring involves measuring these beyond measurements to ask the higher
factors which are external to the order questions such as whether the
project. intervention is worth it or if it could have
• FINANCIAL MONITORING - Just like the been achieved in another way.
name suggests, financial monitoring STEP 3: IDENTIFY THE MONITORING
simply refers to monitoring project/ QUESTIONS - The monitoring questions will
program expenditure and comparing ideally be answered through the collection of
them with the budgets prepared at the quantitative and qualitative data. It is
planning stage. important to not start collecting data without
• IMPACT MONITORING - a type of thinking about the evaluation and monitoring
monitoring which continually assesses questions. This may lead to collecting data
the impact of project activities to the just for the sake of collecting data (that
target population. provides no relevant information to the
programme). organisational indicators, developing
protocols or methodologies for service-user
STEP 4: IDENTIFY THE INDICATORS AND DATA
participation, designing report templates,
SOURCES - In this step you identify what
developing protocols for when and how
information is needed to answer your
evaluations and impact assessments are
monitoring questions and where this
carried out, developing learning mechanisms,
information will come from (data sources). It
designing databases and the list goes on
is important to consider data collection in
Simister, 2009.
terms of the type of data and any types of
research design. STEP 8: USE THE INFORMATION DERIVED
FROM STEP 1-7 ABOVE TO FILL IN THE ‘M&E
STEP 5 IDENTIFY WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
SYSTEM ‘TEMPLATE - You can choose from
DATA COLLECTION, DATA STORAGE,
any of the templates presented in this article
REPORTING, BUDGET AND TIMELINES -
to capture the information. Remember, they
Collection of monitoring data may occur
are templates, not cast in stone. Feel free to
regularly over short intervals, or less regularly,
add extra columns or categories as you see fit.
such as half-yearly or annually. Likewise the
timing of evaluations (internal and external) STEP 9 INTEGRATE THE M&E SYSTEM
should be noted. It is advisable to assign HORIZONTALLY AND VERTICALLY – SIMISTER
responsibility for the data collection and (2009) - Where possible, integrate the M&E
reporting so that everyone is clear of their system horizontally (with other organizational
roles and responsibilities. systems and processes) and vertically (with
the needs and requirements of other
- LogAlto is a user-friendly cloud-based
agencies).
M&E software that stores all
information related to the programme STEP 10: PILOT AND THEN ROLL-OUT THE
such as the entire log frame (showing SYSTEM - Once everything is in place, the M&
the inputs, activities, outputs, E system may be first rolled out on a small
outcomes) as well as the quantitative scale, perhaps just at the Country Office level.
and qualitative indicators with This will give the opportunity for feedback
baseline, target and milestone values. and for the ‘kinks to be ironed out’ before a
full scale launch. This could include guides,
STEP 6: IDENTIFY WHO WILL EVALUATE THE
training manuals, mentoring approaches, staff
DATA HOW IT WILL BE REPORTED - In most
exchanges, interactive media, training days or
programmes there will be an internal and an
workshops.
independent evaluation (conducted by an
external consultant). For an evaluation to be
used (and therefore useful) it is important to
present the findings in a format that is
appropriate to the audience.
STEP 7: DECIDE ON STRANDARD FORMS AND
PROCEDURES - Once the M&E system is
designed there will be a need for planning
templates, designing or adapting information
collection and analysis tools, developing
MODULE 8: ACCOMPLISHMENT AND on paper that will make it look even
NARRATIVE REPORT PREPARARTION better.
4. KEEP TRACK OF TIME PERIOD WHERE
HOW TO FORMAT AN ACCOMPLISHMENT
YOU HAVE TO WRITE DOWN ALL
REPORT – Instead of writing several pages of
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
dense paragraphs, which can be difficult to
- It’s best that you have a journal in
absorb, it’s best to vary the formatting of your
which you can write down all of the
report. It can be done in a tabular format. You
details regarding how certain goals
can include photographs of your activities and
have been accomplished.
those who helped accomplish your goals.
5. PROVIDE VISUALS
EXAMPLE: - Include a few charts or graphs if you
think they will help the reader visualize
I. Project Title:
all of the data you want to present in
II. Duration: the report.
III. Proponent/S: 6. FOCUS ON THE CHALLENGE, ACTIONS,
AND RESULT
IV. Budget/ Source of Fund: - This is one of the best techniques that
V. Project Summary: will help you document and organize
your accomplishments and it’s
VI. Accomplished Activities: recommended that you do this.
So here are the steps that will help you make 7. FOCUS ON YOUR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
a proper accomplishment report summary: - This is the main reason for your entire
report. While you’re picking out all of
1. OPEN WITH A SUMMARY PARAGRAPH the school – related accomplishments
- At the very top of your that you want to present in the report,
accomplishment report, you’re going you have to think about the ones that
to have to provide a summary of the are relevant to the objectives and
report’s entire overview. This will those that you are particularly proud
basically give the reader a short of.
rundown of the things that you’ve 8. EXPLAIN YOUR VALUE
managed to accomplish. - Don’t just point out the results of what
2. PROVIDE DETAILS THAT WILL BACKUP you’ve worked hard for, you also want
THE POINTS IN YOUR SUMMARY to point out just how valuable these
- Since you’ve already provided your accomplishments are to you.
points, the next step is to back them 9. PROOFREAD THE REPORT BEFORE
up. This would mean you’re going to SUBMISSION
have to point out specifics further - Remember to treat this as a
down in the report. Use outline form. formal document as the information
3. MAKE USE OF PROFESSIONAL in here is what you’re going to present
FORMATTING to your professor and classmates if
- You don’t want your report to look like ever.
a jumbled mess or something that you
just decided to cook up last minute.
You want the document to look
organized, in a professional font, and
DISCUSSING NARRATIVE REPORT to know about how to write an
accomplishment and narrative report
- Narrative Report Writing is the process
for a project.
of writing a report in a story-like
manner. It narrates events in a
sequential manner that has a
beginning, body, and conclusion.
THE DETAILS OF NARRATIVE REPORT
- When making a narrative report, you
need to stick to the details that should
be known by the readers. Since this
report focuses on what happened, you
need to spice it with journalistic
elements.
THE STRUCTURE OF A NARRATIVE REPORT
• THE INTRODUCTION - You should
ensure that this section of your report
gives the reader the topic you are
going to discuss. Let it grab the
attention of your reader.
• THE BODY - This section of your report
will have all the details that strengthen
what you introduced in the first
paragraph.
• THE CONCLUSION - This section of
your narrative report should
summarize your ideas as you
presented them in the body. Ensure
that your conclusion interweaves
everything in a single theme.
1. Proofing and editing your report -
You have to proofread the report to
spot and remove any grammar
errors. You should also check it to
ensure that it flows as per the
instructions and whether you have
written everything within your
topic.
This lesson has provided you with a
comprehensive coverage of what you
need