Transformer Protection IED

GR200-Series (GRT200)

Toshiba Transmission & Distribution System (Viet Nam) LTD.

September, 2020

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation

Contents

01 Introduction & Line-up

02 Main Relay Application
03 Diagnostic
04 Setting & Testing

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation

01
Introduction & Line-up

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Introduction & Line-up
GR Series IED Product Line GR-100 Series GR-200 Series GRE Series

Distance Protection GRZ100 GRZ200 -

Line Differential Protection GRL100 GRL200 -
Transformer Differential Protection GRT100 GRT200 GRE160
Low-impedance Busbar Protection GRB100 GRB200 -
Voltage & Frequency Protection GRF100 GRE130
Overcurrent Protection GRD110 GRE110
GRD200
Voltage Protection GRD130 GRE130
Directional Overcurrent Protection GRD140 GRE140
Machine Protection - GRG200 GRE120/GRE170
Bay Control & Protection GRD150/GBU100 GBU200 -
Railway Network Protection - GRX200/GRY200 -

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Introduction & Line-up
Application of GRT200 in T&D network

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 Introduction & Line-up
Front Panel ① LCD
-Standard LCD
-Large LCD (Touch screen)
② LEDS
IN SERVICE, ERROR Status LEDs and 24
configurable Status indication LEDs Tri-
state selectable (red/green/yellow)
② LEDs ① LCD ③ Operation keys
LCD menu controlling keys
④ Control key
Local/Remote SW
③ Operation Keys Open/Close command
⑤ Function keys with LEDs
7 function keys for
⑤ Function Keys - Jump to selected screen
④ Control Key with LEDs - Control the signal setting
⑥ Signal terminal
3 binary signal output
⑦ USB port
USB port connecter (type B)
⑥ Signal Terminal ⑦ USB port
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Introduction & Line-up
Menu Hierarchy
- If LCD screen is off, press any
key, except the key CLEAR.
“Main-Menu" will appear on
the LCD screen.
- To go to the next level of
hierarchy, press the key ►.

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Introduction & Line-up
Case size

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Introduction & Line-up
Case size CT/VT Module

I/O Module Comm.Module

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Introduction & Line-up
Ordering Code

[Ordering codes / An example / Hardware code]

GRT200-31-224-00-4L-30-111

AC rating: 50Hz/1A
Terminal type: Compression plug
Software type: G2A
Comms port: 2 x 100BASE-TX
BI/BO: 18BI +18BO (1xBI1+1xBO1)
Case / LCD type: Standard LCD,1/2 case×19”rack; flush mounting
Power supply: 110-250VDC or 100-220Vac
VCT: VCT49B: CTx11 (3x 3phase CT, 2x Zero phase CT, VTx3 (1x3phase VT)
Type: IED Type (Transformer Protection IED)

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Introduction & Line-up
VCT Module 3

- To Protect three-windings Transformer

- Monitoring single three-phase voltages
- Triple three-phase currents
- Two neutral currents

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Introduction & Line-up
VCT Module 4

- To Protect three-windings Transformer

- Monitoring single one-phase voltage
- Quad three-phase currents

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Introduction & Line-up
VCT Module 5 (VC1+VC2)

- To Protect three-windings Transformer

- Monitoring dual three-phase voltages
- Three neutral currents
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Introduction & Line-up
Ordering Code
[Ordering codes / An example / Software code]

GRT200-303D -4L2- 2E

Language: English
Case / LCD type: standard LCD 1/2x19”
Comms protocol: IEC 61850
Number of comms port: 2CH x 100BASE-TX
Functions: Function 3D for VTC type 49B

VCT: type 49B

Type: Transformer Protection relay

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Introduction & Line-up
Ordering Code

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02
Main Relay Application

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Main Relay Application

 Current differential protection (DIF)

 Restricted earth fault protection (REF)

F21

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Current Differential Protection (DIF)

Provide fast and selective main protection for:

• Two-winding transformer
• Three-winding transformer
• Auto-transformer
• Generator-transformer
Up to 5 current inputs whose ratings combination of 1A/5A can be connected.
Possibility to detect internal phase-to-phase, phase-to-earth and turn-to-turn
fault occurring in a power transformer.

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 17

Current Differential Protection (DIF)

Characteristics for differential protection (DIF):

• Segregated phase current differential relay element (S1)
• High set overcurrent differential relay element (S2)
• 2F & 5F characteristic

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 18

Current Differential Protection (DIF)

DIF current (Id) is calculated as the summation of vector of all currents flowing
into protected object.
Restraint current (Ir) is calculated as the scalar sum of all phase currents
flowing into protected object.

Id = I1 + I2

Ir =| I1 |+ | I2 |

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 19

Current Differential Protection (DIF)
S1 characteristic

 Use to detect all internal faults within protected zone for a transformer.
 It has dual slope characteristics:
- Slope 1 (weak-restraint) is a small percentage error current region.
(DIF-S1-I1). This slope is to detect low level internal fault.
- Slope 2 (strong-restraint) is a large percentage error current region
(DIF-S1-I2). This slope is to prevent mal-operation if CT saturation occurs
during high level through fault.

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 20

Current Differential Protection (DIF)
S1 characteristic
Id

Large
DIF-S1-Slope1
Current
DIF-S1-I1
Small Region
Current DIF-S1-Slope2
Region
DIF-S1-I1 DIF-S1-I2
Ir

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 21

Current Differential Protection (DIF)
S2 characteristic

 This is a high-speed protection.

 Use to protect a transformer against the damage caused by heavy internal
fault
 S2 element is unrestraint, it is not affected by 2F & 5F harmonic block.
 Equation of S2
Id > [DIF-S2-I]

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 22

Current Differential Protection (DIF)
S2 characteristic
Id

DIF-S2-I

Large
DIF-S1-Slope1
Current
DIF-S1-I1
Small Region
Current DIF-S1-Slope2
Region
DIF-S1-I1 DIF-S1-I2
Ir

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 23

Current Differential Protection (DIF)
2F&5F characteristic

 2F (2nd harmonic) is inrush current on a energizing transformer.

 5F (5th harmonic) is appeared when a transformer is over-excitation.
 2F & 5F affect to protection operation. It is required to detect

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 24

Current Differential Protection (DIF)
Zero-sequence current elimination

 In order to prevent incorrect operation of DIF in an external earth fault.

 Zero-sequence current is eliminated at star-winding side of a transformer
 With delta-winding is earthed in-zone by earthing transformer, zero-
sequence current is also eliminated.

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 25

Current Differential Protection (DIF)
CT Ratio Compensation

 CT ratio compensation is kct. It joins in DIF calculation

 It is calculated automatically from transformer capacity, CT ratio

kcti = Ini/Ibasei

Transformer capacity (MVA)

Ibasei =
√3 x Rated Winding Voltage(kV) x [iCT Ratio]

i: current channel
In: rated secondary currents (1A/5A)
Ibase: secondary base currents

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 26

Current Differential Protection (DIF)

For DIF current calculation:

 CT polarity compensation (VCT connection)
 Zero-sequence current is elimination
 CT ratio compensation (kct)

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 27

Current Differential Protection (DIF)

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Current Differential Protection (DIF)
Scheme logic (DIF-S1)
8000201C23

&
8100201C27 &
1 & TDIF-S1 8000201B60
DIF- ≥1
2 & t 0
S1 & ≥1 S1-OPT-1
3 8200201C2B &
& 8100201B61
≥1
& t 0
& ≥1 S1-OPT-2
[DIF-S1-EN] &
& 8200201B62
+ ≥1
‘ON’ & t 0
0.00-100.00s ≥1 S1-OPT-3
≥1
8100001BB0 &
&
DIF-TP_BLOCK 1
[DIF-BlockMode]
+ &
‘Block-PerP’
+
‘Block-3P’ 8000001BB4 &
DIF-1_BLOCK 1
8100001BB5

DIF-2_BLOCK 1
8200001BB6

DIF-3_BLOCK 8000001BB3
1

DIF_INST_OP

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 29

Current Differential Protection (DIF)
Scheme logic (DIF-S2)
8000101C23

8000101B60
TDIF-S2
&
8100101C27 & t 0
1 ≥1 S2-OPT-1
DIF-
2 8100101B61
S2 &
3 8200101C2B & t 0
≥1 S2-OPT-2
8200101B62
&
[DIF-S2-EN] & t 0
0.00-100.00s ≥1 S2-OPT-3
+ 8100001BB0
‘ON’
DIF-TP_BLOCK 1 &

&

8000001BB3 &
DIF_INST_OP

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 30

Current Differential Protection (DIF)
Scheme logic

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Restricted Earth Fault Protection (REF)

 REF is applied to a star connected transformer which is earthed directly or through a low impedance
resistor.
 REF is a differential scheme for a zero sequence current, it can detect the differential current in case of
internal earth fault.

3I0 = Ia + Ib + Ic

IN measured from NCT

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 32

Restricted Earth Fault Protection (REF)

 Definition of REF characteristic

Id = Kct1_REF * I10 + Kct2_REF * I20 + Kct3_REF * I30 + IN
Ir = Max (Kct1_REF * I10 , Kct2_REF * I20 , Kct3_REF * I30 , IN)
(With I0: zero sequence current and IN is neutral current)
 CT Ratio compensation (Kct_REF) is calculated automatically as Phase CT ratio/Neutral CT ratio (neutral
CT rating is used as base value).
Kct_REF = Phase CT/ Neutral CT

 REF characteristic has two slopes:

• S1 slope is a weak restraint, in the small current region.
• S2 slope is a large restraint, in the large current region

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 33

Restricted Earth Fault Protection (REF)
Characteristic
Id

REF-P-S2
Large
10% (REF-P-S1)Current
[Max_Kct_REF]*[REF-P-I1]
Small Region
Current
Region
[Max_Kct_REF]*[REF-P-I1] [Max_Kct_REF]*[REF-P-I2]

Ir

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 34

Restricted Earth Fault Protection (REF)
Scheme logic
8000101B60

[REF-P-1CT] REF-P-OPT
+ 8000101B61
‘Use’ 8000101C23 [REF-P-TP1]
[REF-P-2CT] & REF-P-TRIP1
+
+ REF P TREF-P 8000101B60 ‘ON’ 8100101B62
‘Use’
& t 0 [REF-P-TP2]
[REF-P-3CT] 0.00-100.00s ≥1 REF-P-OPT & REF-P-TRIP2
+
+ ‘ON’ 8200101B63
‘Use’
& [REF-P-TP3]
[REF-P-EN] & REF-P-TRIP3
+
+ 8000101BB0 ‘ON’ 8300101B64
‘ON’
[REF-P-TP4]
& REF-P-TRIP4
REF-P_BLOCK 1 +
8000101BB1 ‘ON’ 8400101B65
[REF-P-TP5]
& REF-P-TRIP5
REF-P_INST_OP +
‘ON’ 8500101B66
[REF-P-TP6]
& REF-P-TRIP6
+
‘ON’

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03
Diagnostic

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Diagnostic

 In the application and the hardware, the number of items are supervised to
detect operation failure.
 The result of the supervision are grouped and classified into five-error levels

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Diagnostic

 The error level also affects to IEC61850 quality and function working

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Diagnostic

 Fail contact, BO, LED output are also depending on level

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Diagnostic

 Detail of supervision result will be displayed by press F6 key in front panel

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Diagnostic
Generic supervision

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04
Setting & Testing

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Setting
 Example setting for Auto-Transformer
220kV

22kV

110kV

Parameter
Type: 220kV/110kV/22kV Yd11
Rating: 250MVA
220kV Line CT Ratio 800/1A
220kV Neutral CT Ratio: 800/1A
110kV Line CT Ratio: 1200/1A
22kV Line CT Ratio: 2000/1A

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Setting

 Minimum operating current (S1-I1)

S1-I1 is determinded from the maximum erroneous differential current
under normal operating conditions
ik > (CT error)+(relay error)+(CT matching error) = 5% +3% +5% = 13%
Example the margin is 150-250%, S1-I1 can be calculated in pu
S1-I1 = 13% x 1.5 = 0.195 pu -> S1-I1 = 0.2 pu

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Setting

 Slope of small current region (S1-Slope1)

S1-slope1 can be set as sensitive as possible to avoid unnecessary operation
during normal condition.
By considering the margin as 50% of the total error.
S1-Slope1 = (CT error + Relay error + tap change error) x 1.5
= (5% + 3% + 10%) x 1.5 = 27%
S1-slope 1 = 30%

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Setting

 Slope of large current region (S1-Slope2)

S1-slope2 can be set as twice as p1 setting to make sure the stability of
operation, although CT has sufficient overcurrent factor for external fault.
S1-Slope2 = S1-Slope1 x 2
S1-slope2 = 60%

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Setting

 Break-point (S1-I2)
Since the protection range of S1 (small current region) takes care of around
the based current.
S1-I2 = 1pu

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Setting

 High-set overcurrent (S2-I)

HOC protection (instantaneous overcurrent element) is for detecting a heavy
internal fault.
S2-I needs to be set to avoid unnecessary operation of the inrush current
S2-I = 6pu

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Setting
 Harmonic (2f & 5f)
2f is to detect the second harmonic content in the inrush current during the
transformer energization.
A setting of 15% is recommended by the transformer manufacturer.
2f = 15%
5f is to detect the fifth harmonic content during the transformer over-
excitation.
A setting of 30% is recommended by the transformer manufacturer
5f = 30%

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Setting
 REF setting (cont.)
Because this is auto-transformer, REF is used at both 1CT & 2CT
REF1-1CT = use
REF1- 2CT = use
REF1-I1={(Primary based current (rated current)) x (sensitivity in %)} / {(CT1
ratio) x kct} = (656 * 0.2) /(800 *1) = 0.164
REF1-I1 = 0.2pu
Since the protection range of S1 (small current region) takes care of around
the based current.
REF1-I2 = 1pu
Slope2 is in large current region, set REF1-Slope2=100%
© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 50
Setting
 VCT Setting (I/O setting)

Channel Description Setting

AI1_Ch1,2,3_Ratio Voltage Va, Vb, Vc 2000

AI1_Ch4,5,6_Ratio Current 1CT (Ia, Ib, Ic) 800

AI1_Ch7,8,9_Ratio Current 2CT (Ia, Ib, Ic) 1200

AI1_Ch10,11,12_Ratio Current 3CT (Ia, Ib, Ic) 2000

AI1_Ch13,14_Ratio IN – 1NCT, 2NCT 800

AI1_Ch1,2,3_rating Seconday Voltage rating DEF

AI1_Ch4,5,6_rating Current 1CT (Ia, Ib, Ic) rating 1A

AI1_Ch7,8,9_rating Current 2CT (Ia, Ib, Ic) rating 1A

AI1_Ch10,11,12_rating Current 3CT (Ia, Ib, Ic) rating 1A

AI1_Ch13,14_rating IN – 1NCT, 2NCT rating 1A

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Setting
 Transformer Parameter

Setting items Description Value

Protection/Common/Tr parameter

VecGroupP-W Primary Winding group Y Star connection

VecGroupS-W Secondary Winding group Y Star connection

VecGroupS-C Vector group P-S 0

VecGroupT-W Tetiary Winding group D Delta connection

VecGroupT-C Vector group P-T 0

Tr-Capacity Transformer capacity 250 MVA

Tr-Vn-P Primary rated voltage 220 kV

Tr-Vn-S Secondary rated voltage 110 kV

Tr-Vn-T Tetiary rated voltage 22 kV

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Setting
 Transformer Parameter

Setting items Description Value

Protection/Common/CT

Conn-1CT 1CT connection side Primary

Conn-2CT 2CT connection side Secondary

Conn-3CT 3CT connection side Tetiary

InType-CT Type of current enter to VCT 3P

Pol-1CT Polariaty of 1CT Positive

Pol-2CT Polariaty of 2CT Positive

Pol-3CT Polariaty of 3CT Positive

Conn-1NCT CT connected to 1NCT Use

Pol-1NCT Polariaty of 1NCT Positive

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 53

Setting
 Transformer Parameter

Setting items Description Value

Protection/Common/VT

Conn-VT Side of voltage connected to VCT Primary

InType-VT Type of voltage connection to VCT 3PN Phase-Earth voltage

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Setting
 DIF setting
Element Comment Setting
Element Comment Setting 2F-LOCK 2f detection lock switch Block-3P
5F-LOCK 5f detection lock switch Block-3P
S1-I1 Minimum operating value 0.20 pu
DIF trip command output from TP1
DIF-TP1 BO contact On
S1-Slope1 % slope of small current region 30 %
DIF trip command output from TP2
DIF-TP2 BO contact Off
S1-Slope2 % slope of large current region 60 %
DIF trip command output from TP3
DIF-TP3 BO contact Off
S1-I2 Knee point of dual characteristic 1.00 pu
DIF trip command output from TP4
2f Second harmonic detection 15 % DIF-TP4 BO contact Off
DIF trip command output from TP5
5f Fifth harmonic detection 30 % DIF-TP5 BO contact Off
DIF trip command output from TP6
S2-I S2 operating value 6.00 Pu DIF-TP6 BO contact Off

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 55

Setting
 REF setting

Element Comment Setting Element Comment Setting

REF1-TP1 Contact output switch for 1REF1 On
EN REF-P protection enable On
REF1-TP2 Contact output switch for 1REF2 On
REF1-I1 Minimum operating current 0.20 pu 1CT's residual current used for REF-P
REF1-1CT calculation Use
REF1-I2 Break point of dual characteristics 1.00 pu
2CT's residual current used for REF-P
Slope1 % slope of small current region 10 % REF1-2CT calculation Use

Slope2 % slope of large current region 100 %

TREF-1 Delayed timer of REF-P 0.00 s

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Testing

 Testing with DIF function

 Testing with REF function

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Addition (Mechanical Protection)

 Use PLC logic

• Trip LED not lit

• Not yet configured in DR, FR, ER

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Addition (Mechanical Protection)

 Use MECH.TRIP Function

Support up-to 16 MECH devices

© 2019 Toshiba Energy System and Solution Corporation 59

Addition (Mechanical Protection)

 Use MECH.TRIP Function

• Trip LED will lit when function working.

• Already configured in DR, ER, FR

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Thank you

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