IT'S MORE THAN JUST OIL. IT'S LIQUID ENGINEERING.

Castrol Product Training

 IT'S MORE THAN JUST OIL. IT'S LIQUID ENGINEERING.

Hydraulic Oils
HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT COMPONENTS

A – Oil tank
B - Pump
C – Pressure relief valve
D - Distributor
E – Reception units (jack or motor)
F – Oil filter
TYPE OF HYDRAULIC PUMP

PISTON PUMP VANE PUMP GEAR PUMP

Hydraulic Fluids
Function & Properties
FUNCTIONS AND PROPERTIES

Hydraulic fluid shall meet the following requirements:

Transmit energy from one point to another point of the circuit:
• Viscosity shall be adapted to the circuit to secure the proper output (wrong choice will cause cavitations,
leakage…)
• Good shear stability.
• Low compressibility in presence of air or water (good separation of dissolved components)
Lubricate mechanical components:
• Reduce friction and wear, prevent seizure: lubricating and anti-wear properties.
Protect materials of the circuit:
• External contamination: anti-corrosion and anti-rust properties
• Compatibility with seals and metals
FUNCTIONS AND PROPERTIES
Cool down the circuit parts:
• Absorb calories resulting from the mechanical work to cool down all the working parts.

Maintain nominal characteristics in operating conditions:

• Sustain high temperature operating conditions: display good oxidation resistance.
• Sustain extended operating temperature variations: good viscosity index (VI) requested.
• Maintain proper performances despite liquid contamination: demulsibility and good resistance to hydrolysis
• Maintain performance level under gas contamination: anti-foam and good air release properties.
• Solid contaminants should not affect filterability properties.

Compatible with hydraulic equipment seals:

• The hydraulic fluid should not degrade seals (refer to table in the following slide)
 ELASTOMERS ASTM Paraffinic Water / Glycol Phosphate Organic Aromatic Temperature
SEALS COMPATIBILITY / FLUID TYPE Commercial
brandnames
symbol base oils
(HM, HV)
solutions
(HFC)
esters
(HFDR)
esters
(HFDU)
hydrocarbons of use (°C)

Butadiene Nitrile Acrylique :

Perbunan N, Butacryl, Krynac, Buna N, NBR -30 / +120
Hycar 1203, Paracryl
Butadiene Styrene Isoprene :
Buna S, GRS SBR -30 / +100

Chloroprene :
Neoprene, Perbunan C CR -40 / +120

Isobutylene Isoprene :
Butyl HR -40 / +120

Natural rubber :
Isoprene NR / IR -30 / +100
Compatibility table as a function of the type
Silicone :
of seal and the nature of the hydraulic fluid. Silastic SI -80 / +250

Fluorosilicone :
COMPATIBLE FSI -70 / +220

Fluorinated elastomers :
LIMITED Viton, FluoreI, Kel F FPM -30 / +250

Polyacrylate :
NOT
COMPATIBLE Rycar 4021 ACM -15 / +170

Chloro-sulfonated polyethylene :
Hypalon CSM -50 / +120

Ethylene Propylene :
Nordel EPDM -50 / +130

Polyurethane :
Vulkolan, Adiprene, Vibrathane EU -40 / +100

Polytetrafluorethylene :
Teflon, Fluon, Hostaflon, Agoflon PTFE -200 / +260

Ethylene polysulfides :
Thiokol T
ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS

• Fire resistant

• Biodegradability

• Food Grade
Main Characteristics
for Hydraulic Fluids
 AVERAGE
VISCOSITY ISO VG KINEMATIC VISCOSITY VALUE @
40°C
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY
LIMITS @ 40°C

• Viscosity and viscosity index (Viscosity Grade) mm²/s or cSt LOWER LIMIT (mm²/s) HIGHER LIMIT (mm²/s)

Viscosity is measured at 40 °C and listed 2 2.2 1.98 2.42

according ISO VG standard 3 3.2 2.88 3.52
5 4.6 4.14 5.06
7 6.8 6.12 7.48
Fluid oil 10 10 9.00 11.0
15 15 13.5 16.5
22 22 19.8 24.2
32 32 28.8 35.2
46 46 41.4 50.6
68 68 61.2 74.8
100 100 90.0 110
150 150 135 165
220 220 198 242
320 320 288 352
Thick oil 460 460 414 506
680 680 612 748
1000 1000 900 1100
1500 1500 1350 1650
2200 2200 1980 2420
3200 3200 2880 3520
Choosing The Appropriate
Hydraulic Fluid
ENVIRONMENT PARAMETERS
Questions to be answered:

• Technology of the circuit:

– Pump: gear pump, vane pump, piston pump …
– Distributors, reception units
 filtration requirement: X µm or NAS level
– Heaters (cracking risk)...

• Manufacturers requirements:
– Nature of the fluid: mineral oil, biodegradable fluid …
– Standard (performance level) ISO, DIN …
– ISO VG Viscosity Grade
– Example(s) of products

• Product currently in place: In line with the manufacturer requirements ??

– Name of the product / Performance level (ISO or DIN classification)
– ISO VG Viscosity grade
– Ash less oil required ??
– Compatibility level with the Castrol product to be recommended ??
OPERATING PARAMETERS
Questions to be answered:
• Operating parameters:
– Location of the circuit:
• Indoor
• Outdoor

– Operating Temperatures:
• High variation of the operating temperatures
• Start-up at low temperature (Choose from the viscosity or the pour point)

– Environment / Pollutants:
• Humid atmosphere
• Dust (Check filtration system)
• Fire risk => switch to a fire-resistant fluid
• Preventing Environment pollution => switch to a biodegradable fluid

• Others:
– Compatibility requirements with seals, paint & metallic components …
– Risk of incidental food contact (products fulfilling the NSF H1 specification: NEVASTANE range) /
Biodegradability
HYDRAULIC FLUIDS CLASSIFICATION
Hydraulic fluids classification: ISO 6743 / 4
HH Straight mineral oil
HL Mineral oil with anti-oxidant and anti-corrosion properties
HM HL type fluid with anti-wear properties
HR HL type fluid with improved viscosity and temperature properties
HV HM type fluid with improved viscosity and temperature properties
HS Synthetic fluid without any fire resistance properties
HG HM type fluid with anti-juddering properties (machine tool slides)
HFAE Oil in water emulsion containing more than 80% water content
HFAS Chemical water solution containing more than 80% water
HFB Water in oil emulsion
HFC Polymer water solution containing less than 80% water
HFDR Water free synthetic fluid made of phosphoric acid
HFDS Water free synthetic fluid made of chlorinated hydrocarbons
HFDT Water free synthetic fluids made of a mixture of HFDR and HFDS
HFDU Water free synthetic fluid based on other components
COMPETITORS
PRODUCT

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION APPLICATION ISO VG SPECIFICATIONS

Hyspin™ AWS Mineral oil enhanced with a Designed for use in industrial hydraulic 10, 15, 32, DIN 51502 classification -
stabilised zinc additive system to systems which require antiwear 37, 46, 68, HLP
provide good anti-wear protection (general hydraulic system) 100, 150, ISO 6743/4 - Hydraulic Oils
220 Type HM

Hyspin™ HLP Mineral oil, based on ashless Suitable for other duties in which 32, 46, 68, ISO 6743/4 - Hydraulic Oils
(previously called sulphur phosphorus additive lubricants of high oxidation stability and 100, 150 Type HM
Energol™ HLP) technology, improved corrosion moist condition DIN 51524 part 2
prevention, reduced wear and specification for anti-wear
significantly better filtration hydraulic oils
performance

Hyspin™ AWH Mineral oil based with Viscosity Designed for use in industrial hydraulic 15, 32, 46, ISO 6743/4 - Hydraulic Oils
Index improver (VI) additive to systems which require anti-wear 68, 100, 150 Type HV
provide good anti-wear and protection and higher temperature Meet the requirements (for
thermal stability performance condition (outdoor equipments) appropriate viscosity grade)
Operating temperature : < 80°C of: DIN 51524 Part 3
YOUR APPROACH TO HYDRAULIC FLUIDS

Questions to ask:
• Type of circuit & Manufacturer recommendation
• Operating Parameters (Temperature / Contaminant)
• Competitor in plase
• Additional: Fire/Food/Bio/Stain

Critical Steps
• Seals compatibility
• Switch over procedure :
• Ex for Food and Bio Contact Technical Services at Castrol
 IT'S MORE THAN JUST OIL. IT'S LIQUID ENGINEERING.

Air Compressor Oils

VARIOUS TYPES OF COMPRESSORS TODAY

•Volumetric compressors
• Reciprocating compressors
• Rotary volumetric compressors :
• Screw compressors
• Vane compressors
• Lobes compressors
VANE LOBES
•Dynamic compressors COMPRESSOR COMPRESSOR
• Axial compressors
• Centrifugal compressors

AXIAL COMPRESSOR
APPLICATIONS & TECHNOLOGY:
Compressors can be found in all type of activity:

▪ Industries (fixed compressors)

▪ Garages et fuel services (little moving
compressors)
▪ Civil works (moving compressors)
CENTRIFUGAL
▪ Transport (brakes , door opening for trains and COMPRESSOR
buses, …)
Compressor technologies:

▪ Reciprocating compressors
▪ Screw compressors
▪ Vane compressors
▪ Lobe compressors
▪ Centrifugal compressors
▪ Axial compressors (process) RECIPROCATING SCREW
COMPRESSOR COMPRESSOR
▪ ….

 Reciprocating compressors and screw compressors are the most widely used
Reciprocating Compressors
Lubrication
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS LUBRICATION
2 parts must be lubricated:
→ compression organs (valves, pistons, cylinders, segments)
→ movement transmission organs (crankshaft, connecting rod…)

According to compressor
size, lubrication can be
shared (for small
compressors) or separated
(for the largest).
Compression
Crankshaft

The same lubricant is used for the both parts.

FUNCTIONS OF THE LUBRICANT

Functions of the lubricant

• Crankshaft lubrication & sealing between cylinder and piston

ring

• Reduce friction

• Cooling

• Fight against corrosion during the stop down periods of the

compressor (due to water condensation)

• Resist to oxidation in order to prevent deposits on the valves

Rotary Volumetric
Compressors Lubrication
SCREW COMPRESSORS DESCRIPTION
Male rotor driving the female
one

 Compression is due to 2 screws

running in opposite direction.

Female rotor

Driving shaft
connected to
A motor drives a first screw that the motor
drives a second one.
Bearings
Screws speed: 6000 to 12000 rpm
(rotors supports)
SCREW COMPRESSORS

•Principle:

While turning, the screws create volumes that

decrease between inlet and outlet orifices.

•Advantages:

These compressors supply a continuous flow. There is

no dead volume such as the one of reciprocating
compressors. There are no inlet and outlet valves
acting alternatively.

An inlet gate controls the gas flow. A non-return valve

is set on the outlet pipes to keep pressure when the
compressor stops.
LUBRICATION OF SCREW COMPRESSORS

Lubrication circuit:

1 – Screw compressor
2 – Separator
3 – Controlled flow in
4 – Air filter
5 – Thermo-valve
6 – Driving motor
7 – Oil cooler
8 – Oil filter
9 – Compressed gas cooler

▪ Lubricant is inject with a large proportion (4 to 6 l/m3 sucked gas)

 Outlet air often contains a lot of oil. The oil is extracted in the separator

▪ The oil injection temperature is around 50 to 60°C

▪ The outlet oil temperature is around 80 to110°C

FUNCTION OF THE LUBRICANT

Oil functions:
▪ Lubricate the moving parts: screws, bearings, coupling (gear box)

▪ Establish a film between screws to avoid metal-metal contact

▪ Sealing between screws and carter.

▪ Cooling

▪ Protect against rust and corrosion

Lubricant properties:
 Thermal stability
 Anti wear properties
 detergent and dispersant properties
Vacuum Pump Lubrication
VACUUM PUMP DESCRIPTION
VACUUM PUMP SYSTEM
Principle:
o The vacuum pump functions by removing the
molecules of air and other gases from the vacuum
chamber (or from the outlet side of a higher
vacuum pump if connected in series). While the
pressure in the chamber is reduced, removing
additional molecules becomes exponentially
harder to remove.
FEATURES & BENEFITS

Features & Benefits of Vacuum Pump Oil:

o Quality molecular distilled vacuum pump oils are engineered to protect pumps from wear and
tear issues.
o Mostly, these oils do not consist of sulphur, carbon or volatile impurities. This high level of
purity adds to its anti-corrosive properties and protects different parts of the pumps such as oil,
seals, bushings, and bearings, hence, save time, effort, and money.
o The vacuum pump oil free from artificial additives keeps the pump’s interior unharmed. Being
free from unsaturated double carbon bonds and aromatic compounds the formation of sludge is
prevented in these pumps.
o The vacuum pump oil is chemically inert and hence shows excellent resistance to process gas
and oxidation. Superior performance is enhanced with high viscosity that maintains excellent
thermal stability and the high thermal stability help excellent working in extreme operating
temperatures.
Choosing the Appropriate
Lubricant
CHOOSING THE APPROPRIATE LUBRICANT
Questions to ask
Technology:

– Air compressors & vacuum pumps :

– Reciprocating compressor (pistons),
– Rotary vane compressor,
– Rotary screw compressor,
– Rotary lobe compressor (Roots),
– Centrifugal compressor…
Manufacturer requirements:

– Nature of the fluid : mineral or synthetic oil

– Norm (performance level) DIN, ISO specifications …
– Viscosity Grade ISO VG
– Example(s) of products
Product currently in place: Confirmation of the manufacturer requirements ??

– Name of the product / Performance level (DIN, ISO classification …)

– Viscosity grade / Nature of the fluid : mineral or synthetic oil
– Fully compatible with the Total product you want to propose ??
VARIOUS TYPES OF COMPRESSORS TODAY
Questions to ask
Operating parameters:
• Air compressors : operating temperatures
• High temperatures => switch to synthetic oils
• Vacuum pumps: vacuum level
• primary / secondary / third
• Drain interval:
• Current drain interval = requested interval ??
Switch to synthetic oils ??
Enhance the interval with the oil monitoring service
• Environment / Pollutants :
• Nature of the air or the gas sucked or compressed : neutral, acid or humid
• Dust pollution, water contamination ….
Others:
• Compatibility requirements with seals, paint & metallic components …
• New or old equipment to lubricate ??  deposits
• Any incidental food contacts (products fulfilling the NSF USDA H-1 specification)
COMPETITORS
PRODUCT PRODUCT DESCRIPTION APPLICATION ISO VG SPECIFICATIONS
Aircol MR Mineral oil and novel additive Rotary screw compressors with 32, 46, 68 ISO 6743-3 Compressor Oils
technology to give outstanding operation temperature < 90°C DAG and DAH for rotary air
antiwear and antirust performance compressors
Atlas Copco for 4000 hour oil life

Aircol PD Mineral base oil Rotors, bearings and gears in rotary 32, 46, 68 ISO 6743-3:2003 : maximum air
compressors, especially the oil flooded discharge temperature =/ 100°C
screw type with lubricant drain cycles of ISO 6743 : normal or severe duty
up to 2000 hours under normal use. lubrication of reciprocating and rotary
Discharge Temperature : < 100°C drip-feed air compressors

Aircol SN Di-ester based synthetic Compressor lubricants designed for 32, 46, 68
compressor oils, using an severe operating conditions experienced
advanced additive system to in reciprocating air compressors
enhance thermal and oxidation operating at high compression ratios and
stability high discharge temperatures of up to
220ºC.

Aircol SR PAO (polyalphaolefin )-based Rotary screw compressors with 32, 46, 68
synthetic compressor oils, using operation temperature < 100°C
an advanced additive system to
enhance thermal and oxidation
stability

Aircol LPT Refrigeration compressor Formulated to function as lubricants and 32, 46, 68 High thermal and chemical stability.
lubricants formulated from highly coolants, as well as sealants in Good temperature / viscosity
refined naphthenic base oils refrigerating compressors behaviour.
Good low temperature flow
Suitable for use in systems using
properties
Ammonia (NH3) or halogenated
hydrocarbons
YOUR APPROACH TO COMPRESSORS LUBRICATION

Questions to ask:
• Type of compressor / OEM Specifications
• Product already in place
• Operating conditions such as Temperature
• Desired Draining Interval
• Additional: Food

Critical Steps
• OEM specification if they exist
• Often OEM specification or approval don’t exist as
OEM is selling a genuine oil during warranty period
• Contact Technical Services at Castrol
IT'S MORE THAN JUST OIL. IT'S LIQUID ENGINEERING.

Gear Oils
EXAMPLE : CEMENT PLANT APPLICATION

Ball crusher

Receptor:
Ball crusher

Speed reducer

Power source:
Electric motor
POWER SOURCES AND RECEPTORS

Power Sources Receptors:

❑ Electric motor ❑ Ball crusher (cement plant)

❑ Gas or steam turbines ❑ Alternator (wind turbine)

❑ Wind ❑ Wheels (vehicles)

❑ Water ❑ Drilling machine mandrel

❑ Internal combustion engine ❑ Paper machine rollers

MAIN PURPOSE OF INDUSTRIAL TRANSMISSIONS

Gears are mechanical elements being used to transmit:

➢ A rotation motion
➢ Power
• between 2 parallel shafts: same direction
• Between 2 non parallel shafts: motion changing direction

Pinion
Wheel
MOTION TRANSMISSION

Without direction change With direction change

Parallel axles Converging axles

REMINDER: rotation direction for a set of gears is easy to deduct from the number of wheels in contact. When odd,
the driven wheel turns same way as the driving wheel. When even, the driven wheel rotate in the opposite direction
to the driving wheel.
GEARS ASSEMBLY

Putting together more than one gear might result in:

▪A multiplier: Motion speed is then increased

▪ A reducer: Motion speed is being reduced

▪A gear box: Motion speed is the variable

INDUSTRIAL TRANSMISSION COMPONENTS

What are the main components for an industrial

transmission ?

Gears

Roller Housing
bearings
INDUSTRIAL GEARS TYPES

Industrial gears can present a large number of shapes and

settings:

Parallel axles and Worm Connecting

helical / gear axles and
herringbone teeth spiral teeth
MAIN PARALLEL AXLES INDUSTRIAL GEARS
Most widely used parallel axles industrial gears:

Cylindrical
Straight teeth
(spur)

Parallel axles Cylindrical

gears Helical teeth

Cylindrical
Herringbone teeth
CONNECTING AXLES INDUSTRIAL GEARS
Main connecting axles industrial gears:

Conical
Straight teeth
Orthogonal (spur)
intersecting
axles
Conical
Spiral teeth

Orthogonal non
intersecting axles Worm wheel
 Gear Lubricant
Functions and Properties
FUNCTIONS OF INDUSTRIAL GEAR OILS

❑Prevent direct contact between the two moving surfaces:

To maintain the presence of a protective oil film to prevent metallic surfaces wear.
❑Reduce friction between teeth and in bearings in order to increase the transmission output
❑Dissipate heat
❑Protect surfaces against rust and corrosion (copper)
❑Protect surfaces against abrasive pollutants (dust, wear residues…)
❑Keep contact surfaces clean (deposits, varnishes, mud …)
❑Reduce transmission noise (vibrations …)
❑Not aggressive towards seals, plastics, paints …
PROPERTIES OF THE LUBRICANT

❑ Proper viscosity:
❑ maintain protective oil film to prevent metallic surfaces wear
❑ Anti-wear and extreme pressure properties:
❑ metallic surfaces protection from high loads and impacts
❑ Anti-corrosion properties:
❑ Protection of metallic surfaces against rust and copper corrosion
❑ Anti-foam properties
❑ Air release properties
❑ Anti-oxidation and thermal resistance properties
❑ Prevents production of deposits, varnishes and acid compounds
❑ Non-aggressiveness towards elastomers (seals), plastics, paints…
Gear Lubrication Methods
GEARS FAMILIES

2 main families depending on their geometry and setting:

Open gear Closed gears

LUBRICATION METHODS

3 main methods can be used:

❑ Oil splash lubrication

❑ Oil circulation and spraying

❑ Grease lubrication

The choice for the method is depending on the rotational speed and the gears
tangential speed; for low speed, grease should be recommended when at average or
high speed oils should be preferred.
CLOSED GEAR SPLASH LUBRICATION
• Gears splash lubrication 1:

Gears lubrication
The lubricant is brought to the engaging level by the teeth that plunge into the oil bath; roller bearings and plain
bearings are lubricated with grease. Oil pan has been partitioned to prevent oil excessive churning by the large wheel
and resulting significant temperature increase.
CLOSED GEAR SPLASH LUBRICATION
Gears splash lubrication 2:
Lubrication of gears and bearings:

The lubricant is splashed on the

gears and casing before reaching
the bearings
CLOSED GEARS CIRCULATION & SPRAYING
Circulation & Spraying 1: Reservoir = closed gear pan
CLOSED GEARS CIRCULATION & SPRAYING
• Circulation & Spraying 2 : External tank
Advantages vs Splash lubrication:

➢ Oil flow can be precisely tailored for each engaging area

➢ Heat exchanger can be mounted to dissipate more heat

and faster

➢ Filtration units can be added to the circuit in order to

remove all oil contaminants

➢ Easier draining

➢ Gear housing are smaller as oil sump can be set aside at

will

High power reducers !

CLOSED GEARS GREASE LUBRICATION

This type of lubrication is used for small reducers used for portable electric tools and
some times for low power motor reducers.

These reducers are often lubricated for life and do not require any maintenance.

The grease shall present a not too high consistency to prevent gears from running dry
within the grease itself and oil cold viscosity shall be sufficiently low for gears to be
lubricated during starting periods.

The greases generally present a NLGI consistency from 000 to 0.

OPEN GEARS AND LOST LUBRICATION
• Open gears and lost lubrication :

Brush coating Gravity system (drop- Mechanical lubricator

by-drop) (drip-feed)

Aerosol can spraying Gun spraying Automatic spraying

Choosing the Suitable
Gear Lubricant
SELECTION OF THE LUBRICANT
Selection of the lubricant will depend on:
1) Manufacturer’s requirements

2) Product already in place

3) Type of the reducer

4) Operating conditions
SELECTION OF THE LUBRICANT

1) MANUFACTURER'S REQUIREMENTS

Lubricant selection depends on the manufacturer’s approvals.

2) PRODUCT IN PLACE

Ask for the product currently in use:

▪ If the customer does not report any problem with his lubricant, simply select the closest product
in Total range

▪ Do not forget to check if the product used effectively meet the manufacturer’s recommendation

▪ For top-up with Total oil, Check compatibility of the 2 lubricants

SELECTION OF THE LUBRICANT TYPE OF OIL SELECTION
3) TYPE OF REDUCER
➢ Worm gear: Synthetic oil POLYGLYCOL type or high viscosity mineral oil
(these oils are not compatible!!)
➢ Old straight teeth reducers: R&O (Rust & Oxidation) oil type without EP
additive
➢ New reducers: Oil with EP additive

4) OPERATING CONDITIONS

➢ Operating temperatures:
➢ Mineral oils : from -15 to 90°C
➢ PAO (*) type oils : from -30 to 130°C
➢ PAG (*) type oils: from -25 to 150°C
➢ Equipment subjected to impacts: select an oil containing solid lubricants
(MoS2 and (or) graphite)
➢ Lubrication method:
➢ Splash: all oils
➢ Circulation: mineral and PAO oils
SELECTION OF THE LUBRICANT VISCOSITYSELECTION

➢ Gear oils viscosities: ranging from ISO grade VG 68 to 3000, ISO VG 150 to 460 being the
most widely used.

➢ PAG type oils viscosities: from ISO VG 150 to 460

➢ Rotation speed:
➢ Low speed = high viscosities
➢ High speed = low viscosities

➢ Method ISO/AGMA: this method provides the oil viscosity to select for parallel axle and
conical gears as a function of:
➢ The oil bath temperature
➢ The tangential speed of the slowest gear in m/s
➢ The type of oil as per its viscosity index: 90, 120, 160 and 240
Gear Oils Classifications
CLOSED GEARS CLASSIFICATION
TYPICAL MORE TYPE OF PRODUCTS AND :OR I.S.O. APPLICATIONS
USE SPECIFIC USE LUBRICATION REQUIREMENTS SYMBOL OBSERVATIONS

R & O mineral oils CKB Gears under moderate load

Permanent
lubrication:
Gears under average temperature and
E CKB oils + E.P. and anti-wear properties CKC high load
N
C CKC oils with very high thermal-oxidation Gears under high temperature and
L Splash lubrication
stability CKD high load
O
S Gears subjected to severe friction
E Circulation
CKB oils with reduced friction coefficient CKE (worm gears)
D lubrication
R & O inhibited oils with low friction
Gears under low or very high
G coefficient that can be used under
extreme temperature conditions (low and CKS temperature and under moderate load
E high)
(synthetic or semi synthetic base stock)
A Gears under low or very high
Injection
R CKS type, oils that can be used under
lubrication temperature and under high load
S extreme temperature conditions (low and CKT (synthetic or semi synthetic base stock
high) and under high loads
with EP and anti-wear additives)
Splash
permanent E.P andt anti-wear greases CKG Gears under moderate load
lubrication
COMPETITORS
PRODUCT
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION APPLICATION ISO VG SPECIFICATIONS
Alpha SP Mineral oil based with an extreme pressure additive Gear boxes using forced circulation or splash and oil bath 46, 68, 100, Meet the requirements of
lubrication. Spur and helical gears and in some 150, 220, the DIN 51517 part 3
lightly loaded worm type gear applications 320, 460, specification
680, 1000

Alphasyn T Synthetic lubricants are based on polyalpha-olefin Most types of light to medium duty enclosed gear systems 10, 32, 46, DIN Classification CL
(PAO) fluids and sulphur/ phosphorus antiwear additive wth high temperature (93°C) but should not be used for 68, 100, 150, DIN 51517 Part 2
heavy / shock loaded systems 220, 320, David Brown Type A
460,
Alphasyn T is also suitable for the lubrication of bearings and
circulatory systems

Alphasyn EP Synthetic lubricants are based on poly-alphaolefin All types of enclosed gears including heavy and shock-loaded 150, 220, DIN 51517 Part 3
(PAO) fluids and sulphur/phosphorus Extreme Pressure gears and bearings where EP properties are required. 320, 460, Siemens MD for Flender-
(EP) additive technology providing good thermal stability 680 Gear Units
and high load carrying capacity. AGMA 9005 - E02
AIST 224
Gear boxes where micro-pitting resistance is required
David Brown Type E

Gear boxes for a wide range of applications in extreme

environments

Alphasyn GS Fully synthetic gear lubricants based on polyglycol fluids Worm gear, especially where micro-pitting resistance is 220, 320, Meets DIN 51517 part 3
and containing EP additives required 460 requirements
Suitable for the high temperature lubrication of gears and
bearings,particularly in large scale mills and calenders.
Suitable for the high temperature lubrication of gears and
bearings,particularly in large scale mills and calenders.
Spur gear units as well as bearing and circulating systems.
YOUR APPROACH TO GEAR LUBRICATION

Questions to ask:
• Manufacturer’s requirements
• Product already in place
•Type of the reducer
•Operating conditions
• Additional: Food/Bio/Stain

Critical Steps
• Compatibility
• Viscosity calculation if needed
• Contact Technical Services at Castrol
IT'S MORE THAN JUST OIL. IT'S LIQUID ENGINEERING.

Grease
Greases Applications
GREASES APPLICATIONS

Roller bearings
Transmissions
Gear & Spring-type couplings
Driving shafts joints
Others couplings
Cables - chains
Gears

Guides
Plain bearings
Sliding
GREASES APPLICATIONS
GREASES APPLICATIONS
GREASES APPLICATIONS
GREASES APPLICATIONS
GREASES APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Greases Composition
COMPOSITION
THICKENER OF A GREASE
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION: CHOICE OF THICKENER

High Mecanical Water

Kind of soap Adhesivity Example of Range
Temperatures Stability resistance
Sheerol AP % EPL Seires
++ ++ ++ +
Lithium (hydroxystearate) Energrease LS 3
Calcium (hydroxystearate) - ++ ++ +++
Lithium / Calcium ++ ++ ++ ++ - Poor

Lithium Complex +++ +++ +++ ++ + Average

++ Good
Calcium Complex ++ ++ +++ +++ +++ Excellent
Aluminium Complex +++ ++ +++ +
Calcium Complex Sulfonate +++ +++ +++ +++ Sheerol SX 2
Polyurea +++ + + +
Bentone +++ + - - Energrease HTG 2
Fluorinated > +++ + + -
Sodium - - + -
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION
NLGI APPLICATION
NLGI : National Lubricating Grease Institute
GREASES COMPATIBILITY
GREASES COMPATIBILITY
COMPETITORS
PRODUCT

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION APPLICATION NLGI

Spheerol AP Spheerol AP contain oxidation and Mainly intended for use in plain and roller 2, 3
corrosion inhibitors. bearings of all types and in all kinds of
The greases are water-resistant machinery under normal load conditions
and within an operating temperature
range of -20 °C to +120 °C.
Spheerol EPL Lithium based products, containing highly General purpose greases designed for 0,1, 2, 3
refined mineral oils, fortified with extreme plant wide lubrication.
pressure (EP) additives The operating temperature range for this
grease lies between - 25 °C and + 120
°C
Spheerol SX Complex calcium sulphonate grease, Spheerol SX 2 is suitable for most journal 2, 3
providing superior performance benefits bearings, wire ropes and open gears.
in the highly aggressive conditions
True multi purpose grease for most of all Also suitable for extereme environment,
application moist and wet condition also dusty
environment
QUESTIONS / EXCHANGE