COMPONENTS IN COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNICATION

TOOLS

This paper was made to complete the group assignment in Sosiolinguistics course

Arranged by Group 2 :

Amalia Maypida 0304202069

Nur Sellyta Br.Bangun 0304202063

Nurul Fatwa 0304203075

Suci Permatasari 0304202085

Siti Julaida Siregar 0304203095

Yunda Walia Shafaa 0304203082

TBI 3/Sem.VI

Supporting Lecture : Dr. Sholihatul Hamidah Daulay, M.Hum

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND TEACHER TRAININGSTATE

ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA MEDAN

2023
 PREFACE

First of all, the writers praise and thank to Allah SWT for giving us the convenience
so that we can complete the paper entitled “Components in Communication and
Communication Tool Student” as one of the group assignment required to the
Sociolinguistics course.

The writers would also want to thank to all the team and participants, especially our
Sociolinguistics lecturer, Dr.Sholihatul Hamidah Daulay, M.Hum. who has guided us
in delivering the material so that we can finish this paper well.

The writers certainly realize that this paper is far from perfect and there are still many
mistakes and shortcoming in it. For this reason, the writers expect critic and
suggestion from readers for this paper, so that this paper can become a better paper.
And if there are errors in this paper, the writers apologize.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ..................................................................................................................................ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..........................................................................................................iii
CHAPTER I .............................................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background of Study .......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Problem Formulation .......................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Problem Objective............................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER II ............................................................................................................................. 3
DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Definition of Communication ............................................................................................. 3
2.2 The Function of Communication ........................................................................................ 4
2.3 The Components of Communication .................................................................................. 6
2.4 Communication Tool .......................................................................................................... 8
2.4.1. Language as a Communication Tool........................................................................... 8
2.4.2 The Function of Language ........................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER III ......................................................................................................................... 11
CONCLUSSION ..................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Conclussion ....................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Suggestion ......................................................................................................................... 11
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................ 12

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

Communication is a basic human activity. Communication can be said to be
one of the most important human activities both in organizational life and in social
life. By communicating, humans can connect with each other whether in everyday life
at home, at work, in society or wherever humans are.

In everyday life, whether you realize it or not, communication has become

part of human life itself. To establish harmonious relationships requires a sense of
intimate humanity and mutual understanding among members of society. This can
happen because of the communication carried out by members of the community.
With communication we can minimize conflicts that exist in everyday life, be it
conflicts between individuals, between groups or conflicts between organizations.

Communication is a process of conveying a message where the communicator

gives a message to the communicant both verbally and nonverbally through a channel
(channel) then the message gets a response from the communicant so that there is an
understanding between the communicator and the communicant. There is no human
being who is not involved in communication. Communication has a very important
role in human life, both individually, in groups, and in organizations.

1.2 Problem Formulation

1. What is communication?
2. What is the function of communication?
3. What are the components of communication?
4. What are the tools of communication?

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1.3 Problem Objective
1. To know the definition of communication
2. To know the function of communication
3. To know and understand what are some components in communication
4. To know the tools of communication

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1 Definition of Communication

Communication is defined as a process by which we assign and convey
meaning in an attempt to create shared understanding. This process requires a vast
repertoire of skills in intrapersonal and interpersonal processing, listening, observing,
speaking, questioning, analyzing, and evaluating. Use of these processes is
developmental and transfers to all areas of life: home, school, community, work, and
beyond. It is through communication that collaboration and cooperation occur.

Basically, communication is a process that involves exchange of information,

thoughts, ideas and emotions. Communication is a process that involves a sender who
encodes and sends the message, which is then carried via the communication channel
to the receiver where the receiver decodes the message, processes the information and
sends an appropriate reply via the same communication channel. In short,
communication includes all the processes by which people influence one another. All
actions and events communicate messages as soon as they are perceived by a human
being. The perception ‘changes’ the information in terms of the individual’s
comprehension thereby influencing him/her. This can be included in the definition of
communication.

Communication takes place when one person transmits ideas or feelings to

another person or group of people. Its effectiveness is measured by the similarity
between the idea transmitted and the idea received. The process of communication is
composed of three elements: the source (sender, speaker, transmitter, or instructor),
the symbols used in composing and transmitting the message (words or signs), and
the receiver (listener, reader, or student). The three elements are dynamically
interrelated since each element is dependent on the others for effective

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communication to take place. The relationship between instructor and student also is
dynamic and depends on the two-way flow of symbols between the instructor and
student. The instructor depends on feedback from the student to properly tailor the
communication to the situation. The instructor also provides feedback to the student
to reinforce the desired student responses.

However, communication is the production and exchange of information and

meaning by use of signs and symbols. It involves encoding and sending messages,
receiving and decoding them, and synthesizing information and meaning.
Communication permeates all levels of human experience and it is central to
understanding human behavior and to nearly all public health efforts aimed at
fostering health behavior change among individuals, populations, organizations,
communities, and societies.

Communication also mean a process by which information is exchange

between individuals through a common system such as sign, symbols, or
behaviours/habits. The exchange of thoughts and ideas can be had by gestures, signs,
signals, speech or writing. People are said to be in communication when they discuss
some matter, or when they talk on telephone, or when they exchange information
through a letters. Basically communication is sharing information, whether in writing
or orally. All of that activity need language, but sometimes communication also
doesn’t need language like in light, whistle and semaphore.

2.2 The Function of Communication

The term of communication is freely used by everyone in modern society,
including members of the general public, scholars and management practitioners.
Communication is defined as the interaction, giving and taking of information,
sending and receiving of messages through verbal and non verbal means.

According to William I. Gorden (Mulyana, 2005), there are several

communication functions including:

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a) Social Communication
The function of communication as social communication implies that
communication is important for building self-concept, self-actualization, for
survival, obtaining happiness, avoiding pressure and tension, among others
through entertaining communication, and fostering relationships with other
people. Through communication we work together with community members
to achieve common goals. Without communication, people will not know the
guide to understand and interpret the situation they face. He will not know
how to eat, drink, speak as a human being and treat other human beings in a
civilized manner because these ways of behaving must be learned from family
upbringing and association with other people, the essence of which is
communication.
b) Expressive Communication
Expressive communication, whether done alone or in groups, is closely related
to social communication. Expressive communication does not automatically
aim to influence other people, but it can be done as long as the communication
is used as a tool to convey our feelings (emotions). These feelings are
primarily communicated through nonverbal messages.
c) Instrumental Communication
Instrumental communication has several general purposes, namely: to inform,
teach, encourage, change attitudes and beliefs, change behavior or move
action, and entertain. All of these goals can be called persuasion. As an
instrument, communication is not only used to create and build relationships,
but also to destroy them. Communication functions as an instrument to
achieve personal and work goals, both short term and long term goals.
Short-term goals, for example, to gain praise, foster a good impression, gain
sympathy, empathy, material benefits, economics, politics, which among other
things can be obtained through impression management, namely verbal and
nonverbal tactics, such as speaking politely, break promises, wear dapper
clothes, and so on. We can see this tactic often, for example, when people

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 carry out political campaigns. Long-term goals can be achieved through
communication skills, for example, oratory skills, negotiating, foreign
languages, or writing skills.

2.3 The Components of Communication

In the communication process, there is a communication component that must
be fulfilled because it is a form of unity that is intact and round. If one element is
absent, then communication will not occur. Each component in communication has a
very close relationship and is interdependent with each other.

a. Context

Every message (Oral or written), begins with context. Context is a very broad
field that consists different aspects. One aspect is country, culture and organization.
Every organization, culture and country communicate information in their own way.

Another aspect of context is external stimulus. The sources of external stimulus

includes; meeting, letter, memo, telephone call, fax, note, email and even a casual
conversation. This external stimuli motivates you to respond and this response may
be oral or written. Internal stimuli is another aspect of communication. Internal
Stimuli includes; You opinion, attitude, likes, dis-likes, emotions, experience,
education and confidence. These all have multifaceted influence on the way you
communicate you ideas. A sender can communicate his ideas effectively by
considering all aspects of context mentioned above.

b. Sender/Encoder

Encoder is the person who sends message. In oral communication the encoder
is speaker, and in written communication writer is the encoder. An encoder uses
combination of symbols, words, graphs and pictures understandable by the receiver,
to best convey his message in order to achieve his desired response.

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c. Message

Message is the information that is exchanged between sender and receiver.

The first task is to decide what you want to communicate and what would be the
content of your message; what are the main points of your message and what other
information to include. The central idea of the message must be clear. While writing
the message, encoder should keep in mind all aspects of context and the receiver
(How he will interpret the message). Messages can be intentional and unintentional.

d. Medium

Medium is the channel through which encoder will communicate his message.
How the message gets there. Your medium to send a message, may be print,
electronic, or sound. Medium may be a person as postman. The choice of medium
totally depends on the nature of you message and contextual factors discussed above.
Choice of medium is also influence by the relationship between the sender and
receiver. The oral medium, to convey your message, is effective when your message
is urgent, personal or when immediate feedback is desired. While, when your
message is ling, technical and needs to be documented, then written medium should
be preferred that is formal in nature. These guidelines may change while
communicating internationally where complex situations are dealt orally and
communicated in writing later on.

e. Receiver/Decoder

The person to whom the message is being sent is called ‘receiver’/’decoder’.

Receiver may be a listener or a reader depending on the choice of medium by sender
to transmit the message. Receiver is also influenced by the context, internal and
external stimuli. Receiver is the person who interprets the message, so higher the
chances are of mis-communication because of receivers perception, opinion, attitude
and personality. There will be minor deviation in transmitting the exact idea only if
your receiver is educated and have communication skills.

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f. Feedback

Response or reaction of the receiver, to a message, is called ‘feedback’.

Feedback may be written or oral message, an action or simply, silence may also be a
feedback to a message. Feedback is the most important component of communication
in business. Communication is said to be effective only when it receives some
feedback. Feedback, actually, completes the loop of communication.

2.4 Communication Tool

2.4.1. Language as a Communication Tool

Language is a communication tool used by everyone in their daily life as a
means to convey information and arguments to others. In this case, the language
cannot be separated from culture because language represent its nation and has close
relation to the attitude or behavior of groups of speakers of the languages. The role of
language as a tool to express culture reality can be seen from :

a) Language is part of culture

b) Even the language and the culture is in different, but have a very close
relationship
c) Language is strongly influenced by culture
d) Language significantly influence culture and way of thinking of people living
within

In the communication, language used by people is influence their culture or

vice versa. If used parables, the culture and language like Siamese twins, the two
things that cannot be separated. Or as a coin; side one is the language and the other is
culture. Communication languages has its own specialty. Humans can talk without
having to do physical movements to support the communication process. Whereas
communication in bees they physically forced to dance in order to deliver messages
they intended to.

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 Language is an expression that contains the intention to convey something to
others. Something meant by the speaker can be understood and understood by the
listener or interlocutor through spoken language. No human being can live in solitude.
The presence of interaction between people and human relations between groups play
a very large role in growing the richness of language. Without human language can
do nothing because language is part of communication tool. Language itself is
something that is the result of human work to communicate various opinions,
feelings, emotions or desires, for example system tools that continuously produce
various symbols.

Language is a system of symbols in the form of sound, arbitrary, used by a

speech community to cooperate, communicate, and self identification described by
Chaer (2004:1). It is giving the picture that language is in the form of sounds used by
society to communicate. Keraf (1991:1) says that language includes two fields,
namely the sounds produced by the speech organs in the form of sound currents,
which have meaning. Explains that language is a means of communication between
members of society consists of two main parts, namely forms (streams of speech) and
meaning (content). Sapir (in Sibarani 2004:36) says that language is a method or
means of conveying ideas, feelings, and real desires humane and non-instinctive by
using a system of symbols that generated intentionally and voluntarily. Meanwhile,
according to Sibarani (2004:37) language as a sign system or symbol system, as a
means of communication, and used by human groups or society.

2.4.2 The Function of Language

Language carries out three main functions, namely the ideational function, the
function interpersonal, and textual functions. These three functions are called
functions metafunctional, and all three functions show a reality that different. Under
the ideational function, the language is used for reveals physical-biological reality as
well as with regard to interpretation and representation of experience. Under
interpersonal functions, language used to express social reality and with regard to
interaction between speakers/writers and listeners/readers. Under functions textual,

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language used to express semiotic reality or the reality of symbols and with regard to
the way in which the text is created in context (Matthiessen, 1992/1995:6; Martin,
1992)

The function of language is basically the goals we achieve by language, for

example stating, asking, responding, greeting, saying goodbye and so on. Function of
course can not fulfilled without language forms: morphemes, words, rules, grammar,
discourse, and other organizational competencies. Communication can be seen as a
combination of actions, a series of elements with a purpose and objective.
Communication is not just an event, something that happens, but communication is
functional, purposeful and designed to effect a change.

According to Soeparno (2002:5) the general function of language is as a tool

social communication. In society there is communication or mutual relations between
members. For this purpose a vehicle called language is used. Thus, every
community is ensured to have and use these social communication tools. There is no
society without language and there is also no language without society.

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 CHAPTER III

CONCLUSSION

3.1 Conclussion
Communication is the process of conveying information, ideas, emotions,
expertise and others. Through the use of symbols such as words, pictures, numbers
and others. Communication in general is a process of forming, delivering, receiving,
and processing messages that occur within a person and or between two or more with
a specific purpose.

Language is a system of symbols used by humans to communicate or express

ideas and thoughts to others. The language used is influenced or affected the culture
and vice versa. Therefore it can be said that the language and culture has a very close
relationship. Through the language of the person, his interlocutor can usually tell the
background of the speaker. That's there is parable says that language indicate the
nation.

3.2 Suggestion
As social beings, of course, communication is an absolute thing in our lives. Of
course, we cannot live without communicating with other people. Therefore, it is
important for us to pay attention to communication to create a good communication
that can be understood by the recipient. With this paper, it is hoped that we can create
good communication so that misunderstandings do not occur in communication
which will be fatal and can lead to conflict.

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 REFERENCES

Chaer, Abdul. 2003. Linguistik Umum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Kramsch, Claire. 1998. Language and Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Mulyana, Deddy. 2007. Ilmu Komunikasi; Suatu Pengantar. Bandung: PT. Remaja
Rosdakarya

Mulyana, Deddy dan Rahmat Jalaluddin. 2006. Komunikasi Antarbudaya. Panduan

Berkomunikasi dengan Orang-Orang Berbeda Budaya. Bandung: PT. Remaja
Rosdakarya.

Sahabuddin, Ahmad. 2011. Komunikasi Antarbudaya: Satu Perspektif Multidimensi.

Jakarta: Bumi Aksara

Chaer, Abdul dan Agustina, Leoni. 1995. Sosiolinguistik Perkenalan Awal. Jakarta:
Rineka Cipta

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