HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK

ASSESSMENT
&
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT

Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by

Name

Designation

Date

Signature
Revision
Date Description of Changes
No

01 23.12.2019 Section 4.3 updated as per ISO 45001 requirements

00 20.10.2016 Issued for Implementation

Contents
1.0 Purpose...................................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 Scope......................................................................................................................................... 1
Definition & Abbreviations................................................................................................................... 1
3.1 Definitions............................................................................................................................. 1
3.2 Abbreviations........................................................................................................................ 2
3.0 Roles & Responsibilities........................................................................................................... 2
4.0 Risk Assessment........................................................................................................................ 3
4.1 Method Statement / Work Instruction.................................................................................. 4
4.2 Identify all the Tasks involved............................................................................................... 4
4.3 Identify the Hazards/Aspects................................................................................................ 4
4.3.1 Identify the hazards for each task................................................................................. 4
4.3.2 Identify the Aspects....................................................................................................... 6
4.4 Identify Existing Control Measures........................................................................................ 7
4.5 Assess the Risk....................................................................................................................... 7
4.5.1 Assessment Matrix & Risk Rating................................................................................... 8
4.5.2 Severity of hazard (Impact)..........................................................................................10
4.5.3 Likelihood of occurrence (Probability).........................................................................12
4.6 Impact Classification............................................................................................................12
4.7 Determine Controls.............................................................................................................12
4.7.1 Elimination...................................................................................................................13
4.7.2 Substitution.................................................................................................................13
4.7.3 Engineering controls....................................................................................................13
4.7.4 Signage, warnings, and/or administrative controls.....................................................13
4.7.5 Personal protective equipment (PPE)..........................................................................13
4.8 Determine the Residual Risk................................................................................................13
4.9 Documents and Report........................................................................................................13
4.10 Implement controls..............................................................................................................14
4.11 Monitor, Review and Revise..................................................................................................14
5.0 Records................................................................................................................................... 15
1.0 Purpose
The purpose of this procedure is to provide the detailed guidelines

• To identify occupational health and safety hazards, assess the risk and identify control
measures.
• To identify and evaluate the Environmental aspects and the associated impacts for the
activities and services.

2.0 Scope
This procedure is applicable to all activities, products and services of LTHE Project sites, Yards and
Facilities.

Definition & Abbreviations

3.1 Definitions
Hazard
The potential to cause harm, including ill health or injury, damage to property, plant, products or the
environment: production losses or increased liabilities.

Risk
The product of the chance that a specified undesired event will occur and the severity of the
consequences of the event.

Risk Assessment
A careful consideration by competent people of the hazards associated with a task. The potential
effect of each hazard, how severe it might be and the likelihood of it occurring, should be considered
to determine the effort required to make the worksite safe as reasonably practicable.
Environment
Surroundings in which Organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora,
fauna, humans, and their interrelation

Environmental Aspect
Element of an organization’s activities or products or services that interacts or can interact with the
Environment.

Environmental Impact
Any change to environment whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organization’s environmental aspects

ALARP
L RP means to reduce risk to a level which is “as low as reasonably practicable” and involves
balancing reduction in risk against the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of achieving it. This level
represents the point, objectively assessed, at which the time, trouble, difficulty and cost of further
reduction measures becomes unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction
obtained.

1
3.2 Abbreviations

ALARP As Low As Reasonably Possible

ERA Environmental Risk Assessment
HIRA Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
HSEMS Health, Safety and Environment Management System
HSEM HSE Manager
LTHE Larsen and Toubro Hydrocarbon Engineering Limited
PPE Personnel Protective Equipment
STA Safety Task Assignment
TBT Tool Box Talk

3.0 Roles & Responsibilities

Project Manager/Department In-Charge/LTHE Representative

• Ensure that hazards are identified, risk assessed as well as managed for all activities & / or
facilities.
• Ensure availability of adequate resources to identify hazard, asses as well as manage the risk
for activities or facilities.
• Ensure that all HSE risk assessment studies required under HSE plan have been completed for
the projects.
• Ensure that HIRA & ERA has been communicated to all workers and contractors.
Site/ Production Engineer
• Ensure HSE risk assessment has been prepared for the activity
• Communicate the risk and control measures to supervisors and workers.
HSE Department
• Ensure that risk assessment has been prepared for all activities.
• Assist in conducting and reviewing HSE risk assessment.
• Update and maintain HIRA Register, Aspect & Impact Register and amendment sheet.
• Provide training to employees.

Employee / Worker
Aware of all hazards, risks and its control measures associated with their activities and facilities
working for.
2
4.0 Risk Assessment
The steps involved in hazard identification and risk assessment of all the activities carried out by LTHE
are as follows,

Step 1: Form HIRA team and Step 7: Recommend

collect information about additional controls if the risk
the task. Method Statement is medium or high and
and or work Impact is Significant
instruction/procedure aid
information collection

Step 8: Determine the

Residual Risk
Step 2: Break down the task
into sub-task

Step 9: Document and

Step 3: Identify hazards Record
/aspects associated with
each task

Step 10: Implement Controls

Step 4: Identify the potential

consequence
Step 11: Monitor, Review
and Revise

Step 5: Determine the

existing controls

Step 6: Assess the

Risk/Impact

3
4.1 Method Statement / Work Instruction
The method statement is prepared and provided by the execution/fabrication/installation
department. The method statement provides the step by step details about how the activity is going to
be carried out.

4.2 Identify all the Tasks involved

The next step in the process is breaking down the activities and identifying all the small tasks involved.
The individual small task are listed down for detailed analysis.

4.3 Identify the Hazards/Aspects

4.3.1 Identify the hazards for each task

The next step in the process is to identify all the hazards involved in the activity. The hazard
identification shall be done preferably by a team comprising of HSEM and
Execution/Fabrication/Installation Engineers.

For HSE requirements, LTHE HSEMS Manual & HSE Procedures and other relevant sources shall be
referred.

Hazard identification should aim to determine proactively from:

• Sources (e.g. moving machinery, radiation or energy sources),

• Situations (e.g. working at heights), or
• Acts (e.g. manual lifting).
Hazard identification should consider the different types of hazards in the workplace like

• Physical
• Chemical
• Biological
• Psychosocial
• Ergonomic
• Fatique

The following sources of information or inputs should be considered during the hazard identification
process:

• HSE legal and other requirements

• HSE policy
• Monitoring data
• Occupational exposure and health assessments
• Records of incidents
• Reports from previous audits, assessments or reviews,
• Input from employees / workers and other interested parties
• Information from other management systems (e.g. for HSE management or environmental
management),
 • Information from employee / worker HSE consultations, process review and improvement
activities in the workplace,
• Information on best practice and/or typical hazards or reports of incidents in similar
organizations
• Information on the facilities, processes and activities of the organization, including the
following
o Workplace design, traffic plans (e.g. pedestrian walkways, vehicle routing), site plans,
process flowcharts and operations manuals, inventories of hazardous materials (raw
materials, chemicals, wastes, products, sub-products),
o Equipment specifications,
o Product specifications, material safety data sheets, toxicology and other HSE data.

The Hazard identification process should also consider the following points

• routine and non-routine activities and situations, including hazards arising from:
o infrastructure, equipment, materials, substances and the physical conditions of the
workplace;
o product and service design, research, development, testing, production, assembly,
construction, service delivery, maintenance and disposal;
• The hazard identification process should take into account for Human factors, such as
capabilities, behaviours and limitations
o The nature of the job (workplace layout, operator information, work load, physical
work, work patterns),
o The environment (heat, lighting, noise, air quality),
o Human behaviour (temperament, habits, attitude),
o Psychological capabilities (cognition, attention),
o Physiological capabilities (biomechanical, anthropometrics/ physical variation of
people)
• Social factors (including workload, work hours, victimization, harassment and bullying),
leadership and the culture in the organization
• past relevant incidents, internal or external to the organization, including emergencies, and
their causes;
• potential emergency situations;
• people, including consideration of:
o those with access to the workplace and their activities, including workers, contractors,
visitors and other persons;
o those in the vicinity of the workplace who can be affected by the activities of the
organization;
o workers at a location not under the direct control of the organization;
• other issues, including consideration of:
o the design of work areas, processes, installations, machinery/equipment, operating
procedures and work organization, including their adaptation to the needs and
capabilities of the workers involved;
o situations occurring in the vicinity of the workplace caused by work-related activities
under the control of the organization;
o situations not controlled by the organization and occurring in the vicinity of the
workplace that can cause injury and ill health to persons in the workplace. In some
instances, there can be hazards which occur or originate outside the workplace that
can have an impact on individuals within the workplace (e.g. releases of toxic
materials from neighbouring operations). Where such hazards are foreseeable, these
should be addressed.
• actual or proposed changes in organization, operations, processes, activities and the HSE
management system;
• changes in knowledge of, and information about, hazards.
 • Any applicable legal obligations relating to risk assessment and implementation of necessary
controls
• Hazard identification should consider all persons having access to the workplace (e.g.
customers, visitors, service contractors, delivery personnel, as well as employees) and:
o The hazards and risks arising from their activities,
o The hazards arising from the use of products or services supplied
to the organization by them,
o Their degree of familiarity with the workplace and behaviour.
For the hazard identification to be effective, information from a variety of sources, especially inputs
from people who have knowledge of its processes, tasks or systems, should be used. Some of the
inputs may be from.

• Observations of behaviour and work practices and analyses of the underlying causes of unsafe
behaviour,
• Benchmarking,
• Interviews and surveys,
• Safety tours and inspections,
• Incident reviews and subsequent analyses,
• Monitoring and assessment of hazardous exposures (chemical and physical agents),
• Workflow and process analysis, including their potential for creating unsafe behaviour.
Hazard identification should be conducted by a person with competence in relevant hazard
identification methodologies and techniques and appropriate knowledge of the work activity.

Checklists can be used as a reminder of what types of potential hazards to consider and to record the
initial hazard identification; however, care should be taken to avoid over reliance on the use of
checklists. Checklists should be specific to the work area, process or equipment being evaluated.

4.3.2 Identify the Aspects

For each and activity, all aspects that have the potential to impact the environment will be identified.
These include:

• Emissions to air;
• Discharges to water (or sewer);
• Spills/releases to land;
• Management/disposal of solid and other wastes;
• Water use;
• Fuel and energy use;
• Materials use;
• Noise/vibration;
• Odor;
• Radiation;
• Visual impact; and
• Other effects (e.g. on specific parts of the environment and ecosystems).

When identifying environment aspects, consideration should be given to:

• Normal operating conditions;
• Abnormal operating conditions;
• Incidents, accidents and potential emergency situations;
• change, including planned or new developments, and new or modified activities, products and
services;
To ensure identification of all environmental aspects, review teams shall have access to all relevant
information regarding facility operation, processes, and other activities, including, but not limited to:
• Materials lists and Material Safety Data Sheets;
• Incident reports; and
• Audit reports.
4.4 Identify Existing Control Measures
The existing control measures already in place or available are to be identified. The identified control
measures are considered before assessing the risk by asking the following queries.

• Are they adequate?

• Is the remaining risk high, medium or low?
• Whether the risks have been reduced as far as reasonably practicable?
• Whether more control measures are needed?

4.5 Assess the Risk

• Risk is the combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure
and the severity of injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure.
• Risk assessment is a process of evaluating the risk arising from a hazard, taking into account
the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether the risk is acceptable.
• An acceptable risk is a risk that has been reduced to a level ALARP.
• Assess the impact & probability of occurrence and determine risk level for each identified
hazard / impact taking into account of existing control measures.
• The assessment matrix and processes are as follows

5.1 Assessment Matrix & Risk Rating

Risk are rated into three risk categories as defined below:
High Risk : This level of risk exposes to intolerable losses to People, Assets or Reputation. The
hazard should be eliminated or its risk reduced to tolerable levels immediately.
Medium Risk : The hazard(s) must be managed to reduce the frequency and /or the severity of the
hazardous events to ALARP.

Low Risk : Corrections may be applied as resources allow

 Probability

1 2 3 4 5
People People
Severity Assets Environment Reputation
(Injury) (Illness) Most Most
Unlikely Likely Inevitable
unlikely Likely

Single or
Single or multiple Extensive International
5 Multiple Massive impact
Fatality damage impact
Fatality
HIGH RISK
Serious Injury Serious illness
4 requiring requiring Major damage Major impact National impact
hospitalisation hospitalisation

Localised Considerable
3 Lost Time Incident Major Illness Local damage
impact impact

Injury requiring MEDIUM

2 Medical
Treatment but not
Minor Illness Minor damage Minor impact Minor impact RISK
Lost Time

First Aid
1 Slight Illness Slight damage Slight impact Slight impact
treatment only LOW RISK
4.5.2 Severity of hazard (Impact)
People (Injury)

VALUE DESCRIPTION
5 Single or multiple Fatality
4 Serious Injury requiring hospitalisation
3 Lost Time Incident
2 Injury requiring Medical Treatment but not Lost Time
1 First Aid treatment only

People (Illness)

VALUE DESCRIPTION
5 Single or Multiple Fatalities targeting large, exposed populations.
Agents with potential to cause multiple fatalities [E.g. substances with acute toxic.
effects such as human carcinogens]
4 Serious illness requiring hospitalisation.
Agents capable of irreversible damage with serious disability or death [E.g. corrosives,
asphyxiates, or carcinogens]
3 Major Illness
Agents capable of irreversible damage without serious disability [E.g. noise, vibration, or poorly
engineered manual handling tasks].
2 Minor Illness
Agents with limited reversible health effects [E.g. irritants; or mild forms of food poisoning caused
by bacteria]
1 Slight Illness

Assets

VALUE DESCRIPTION
5 Extensive Damage - Cost in excess of US$10 Million

4 Major Damage - Costs between US$5 to 10 Million

3 Local Damage - Costs between US$1 to 5 Million

2 Minor Damage - Costs between US$10,000 to 1 Million

1 Slight Damage - Costs less than US$10,000

Environment
VALUE DESCRIPTION
5 Massive effect

5
A. Persistent severe environmental damage or severe nuisance extending over a
large area.
B. Hi terms of commercial or recreational use or nature conservation,
C. A major economic loss for the company.
D. Constantly & or highly exceeding statutory or prescribed limits
4 Major effect
1. Severe environmental damage.
2. The company is required to take extensive measures to restore polluted or
damaged environment to its original state.
3. Exceeding statutory or prescribed limits
3 Localised effect
1. Limited loss of discharges of known toxicity.
2. Repeated exceed of statutory or prescribed limit.
3. Affecting neighbourhood.
4. Spontaneous recovery of limited damage within one year.
2 Minor effect
1. Contamination. Damage sufficiently large to attack the environment
2. Single exceed of statutory or prescribed criterion.
3. Single complaint. No permanent effect on the environment
1 Slight effect
1. Local environmental damage.
2. Within the fence and within systems.
3. Negligible financial consequences

Reputation

VALUE DESCRIPTION
5 International impact — International public attention. Extensive adverse attention in
international media. National/international policies with potentially severe impact on
access to new areas, grants of licenses and/or tax legislation.
4 National impact - National public concern. Extensive adverse attention in the
national media. Regional/national policies with potentially restrictive measures
and/or impact on grant of licenses. Mobilization of action group.
3 Considerable impact - Regional public concern. Extensive adverse attention in local
media. Slight national media and/or local/regional political attention. Adverse stance of
local government and/or action groups.
2 Limited impact - Some local public concern. Some local media and/or political
attention with potentially adverse aspects for company operations.
1 Slight impact — Public awareness may exist, but there is no public concern
4.5.3 Likelihood of occurrence (Probability)
Probability Descriptions
(The highest category will always be used)
VALUE STATUS DESCRIPTION
5 Inevitable Happens regularly on this site
4 Most Likely Known to have occurred on this site in the
past
3 Likely Known to occur on other sites
2 Unlikely Known to occur in the industry
1 Most Unlikely Never known before

4.6 Impact Classification

Evaluation of aspect will be carried out on a risk basis, taking into consideration both the potential
impact of the incident (Section 4.5.2) and its likelihood (Section 4.5.3). From this, each aspect will be
assigned a significance ranking of High, Medium, or Low based on relative risk, as outlined in section
4.5.1 - Risk Matrix.
Environmental aspect with a relative risk of High, Medium and legal requirement will be designated
significant Impact and aspect with low risk will be designated non-significant impact.
Significant / Non Significant of activity is considered as defined below:

High Risk : This level of impact exposes to intolerable

losses to, environment. The hazard should be eliminated or its
risk reduced to tolerable levels immediately.
Significant Impact
Medium Risk : The hazard(s) must be managed to
reduce the frequency and /or the severity of the
hazardous events to ALARP.

Legal Requirement: When legal requirement is

applicable to the given aspect, then the impact for the
aspect is significant

Non-Significant Impact Low Risk

4.7 Determine Controls

Having completed a risk assessment, if the Risk level is high or medium, the additional control
measures are to be stated to bring the risk to acceptable level (ALARP).
If new or improved controls are required, their selection should be determined by the principle of the hierarchy of controls,
i.e. the elimination of hazards where practicable, followed in turn by risk reduction (either by reducing the likelihood of
occurrence or potential severity of injury or harm), with the adoption of personal protective equipment (PPE) as a last resort.
The following provides examples of implementing the hierarchy of controls:
4.7.1 Elimination
Modify a design to eliminate the hazard, e.g. introduce mechanical lifting devices to eliminate the
manual handling hazard;

4.7.2 Substitution
Substitute a less hazardous material or reduce the system energy (e.g. lower the force, amperage,
pressure, temperature, etc.);
4.7.3 Engineering controls
Install ventilation systems, machine guarding, interlocks, sound enclosures, etc.
4.7.4 Signage, warnings, and/or administrative controls
Safety signs, hazardous area marking, photo- luminescent signs, markings for pedestrian walkways,
warning sirens/lights, alarms, safety procedures, equipment inspections, access controls, safe systems
of working, tagging and work permits, etc.;

4.7.5 Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Safety glasses, hearing protection, face shields, safety harnesses and lanyards, respirators and gloves.

In applying the hierarchy consideration should be given to the relative costs, risk reduction benefits,
and reliability of the available options.
Again assess the impact & probability of occurrence and determine risk level for each identified
hazard/aspect taking additional control measures into consideration as described in previous sections
List the control measures or prepare safe work method for the activity based on the priority of the
control measures to minimize the Risk to As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP). Identify the
responsible person to comply the identified corrective measures.

4.8 Determine the Residual Risk

• Determine the residual risk considering the existing and recommended controls.
• Ensure all associated risks have been reduced to ALARP level

4.9 Documents and Report

The HSEM should document and keep the results of hazard identification, risk assessments and
determined controls.
The following information should be recorded in Risk assessment worksheet

• List of Identified hazards,

• Determination of the risks associated with the identified hazards,
 Indication of the levels of the risks related to the hazards,
• Description of, or reference to, the measures to be taken to control the risks &
• Residual risk
Record the list of HIRA reports made for different activities in the HIRA register

Execution engineer/Fabrication Engineer/Site engineer shall ensure the safe work method in STAs/TBT
and the HIRA records are maintained and up-to-date.

When existing or intended controls are used in determining risks, these measures should be clearly
documented so that the basis of the assessment will be clear when it is reviewed at a later date.
4.10 Implement controls

The control measures or safe work method are prepared for the activity based on the priority of the
control measures to minimize the Risk to As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).

4.11 Monitor, Review and Revise

The hazard identification and risk assessment should be ongoing. The HSEM should consider the
timing and frequency of such reviews, as affected by the following types of issues:

• The need to determine whether existing risk controls are effective and adequate,
• The need to respond to new hazards,
• The need to respond to changes that the organization itself has made
• The need to respond to feedback from monitoring activities,
• Incident investigation, emergency situations or the results of testing of emergency
procedures,
• Changes in legislation,
• External factors, e.g. emerging occupational health issues,
• Advances in control technologies,
• Changing diversity in the workforce, including contractors,
• Changes proposed by corrective and preventive action
Periodic reviews are done to ensure consistency across risk assessments carried out by different
people at different times. Where conditions have changed and/or better risk management
technologies have become available, improvements shall be made as necessary.
It is not necessary to revise risk assessments when a review can show that the existing or planned
controls remain valid.
Internal audits provide are done to check that hazard identifications, risk assessments and controls,
are in place and up-to-date. Internal audits will check whether the assessment reflects actual
workplace conditions and practice.
5.0 Records

Sl. No Description Format No

01 HIRA Register LTHE/HSE/PR16/F01

02 Aspect Impact Register LTHE/HSE/PR16/F02

HIRA & ERA_REV 01 15