Name : Juwita Nitra Rauf

Reg. number : 40300119060

Department : English and Literature Department

Faculty : Adab dan Humanities faculty

Title :Sarcasm in Finale Debate Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump

Supervisor I : Dr. Rosmah Tami, S.ag., M.Sc.,MA.

Supervisor II : Dr. Nasrum, S.Pd., MA.

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background

Language that something cannot be separated from human life. Language is

born from a combination of words, clauses, and sentences expressed by speakers

both orally and in writing, so someone can communicate using language not only

through speech but also someone can also be said to communicate using a

language through writing. Language and humans are two things that cannot be

separated, why because the two are interrelated. Language was born as a

communication tool that connects one individual to another. Keraf (1997: 1).

Said that Language is a means of communication among members of the public

in the form of sound symbols produced by human speech tools.

Language the most basic ability possessed by humans, language is a symbol

system formed from the sound of human speech. Humans are able to exchange

the speech they want to convey through language to communicate with other

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people, indirectly the main function of language in this case is media for

exchanging information between human beings.

Language is the most important aspect in the life of every human activity.

With what language is hidden in the mind, ideas, ideas can be channeled. The

position of language is very high, so someone who studies and studies a language

is very important, why because by studying and studying more deeply about

language, language will certainly be sustainable.

Language is a natural object, a component of the human mind, physically

represented in the brain and part of the biological endowment of species.

(Chomsky, 2002: 1), Language is a tool for thinking and learning, language

formed from components of thought, words, clauses and sentences that are

processed in the human mind and then channeled in the form of language to

carry out conversations. Language and its meaning cannot be separated when

someone utters a word, so there is a certain meaning that is trying to be

conveyed by speaker. Language and meaning have a very close relationship,

whether it is the language conveyed orally or in writing, both of which have

meaning. The study of meaning in a language is called semantics. (Saeed,1997:

140) stated that Semantics is the study of meaning communicated through

language.” Linguistic semantics deals with the conventional meaning conveyed

by the use of words, phrases, and sentences of a language."

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 In linguistics, there is a term language style. Language style is the use of

language specifically which aims to get attention or a certain effect to attract the

attention of those who hear it or as an aesthetic effect in a literary work so that

readers can be interested in reading a literary work. (Martin Joos ,1976) stated

that language has five styles. He recognized five different language styles,

namely frozen style, normal style, consultative style, casual style and intimate

style. In addition, A language style is a technique of verbally or in writing

expressing thoughts. (Gunawan, Mayasarin Muna, & Masruddin, 2019)

One type of language style that is known is sarcasm. This type of language

style is included in the form of satire. This figure of speech functions as an

expression, a figurative word that is usually used to satirize, insult, or make fun

of the other person, people who are good at using sarcastic words are called

sarcasm, sarcasm has been used in everyday life since the past and has become

part of human language. Usually sarcasm is said when someone doesn't like the

other person, what he wants doesn't match his expectations. usually someone

who uses the word sarcasm has a high tone of voice, facial expressions that

sometimes change such as angry expressions or expressions of disdain. The

purpose of sarcastic words is to express annoyance or anger. But there are also

sarcastic words that are usually used only as a joke depending on the person's

tone of voice and facial expressions. (Kreuz and Glucksberg, 1989) “stated that

sarcasm is verbal irony that expresses negative and critical attitudes toward

persons events sarcasm is commonly known as language style of society.

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Sarcastic words are often used in the world of politics, comedy and so on.

Sarcastic words uttered by the public are usually to satirize the performance of

the government which is sometimes not in accordance with what was promised

before taking office, as many young people know who use sarcastic words to

satirize the government's performance which is considered less than optimal,

they use social media as a place to convey their dissatisfaction or displeasure

about the government's performance.

As is known today, social media is a place that facilitates someone to

express their displeasure. Basically, issuing sarcastic words is a form of behavior

that is not commendable. If someone does not like something, they should say it

directly, there is no need to issue words that can trigger debate or even lead to

conflict. The use of sarcastic words tries to make the other person feel hurt

because sarcastic words are in the form of sharp words. Some people think that

when they say sarcastic words they think it's just a joke, sarcastic people are a

term for people who like to say sarcastic words, they think it won't hurt the

victim but the victim thinks it hurts why because the words used are usually

figurative words but the intended meaning is not as good as the sentence issued.

In the daily environment, sarcastic people use scarcest words due to several

factors that influence them, including; anger, covering up jealousy, dislike of

something or someone else and the last is insecurity.

In Islam Allah SWT Strictly people using harsh words is not allowed as stated

in the Al-Quran Surah An-Nisa verse 148:

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Meaning:

Allah does not like bad words to be made public unless someone has been

wronged: He is all hearing and all knowing.

Through the explanation of the verse above it is explained that in the

Islamic view criticizing, locking, and ridiculing other people is despicable

behavior, and Allah SWT hates someone who behaves and says harshly to fellow

human beings with the aim of insinuating and hurting. other people's feelings. As

a Muslims we should speak in a smooth tone of voice, every word that is issued

must be good words. of this verse relates to research that will be analyzed by

researchers about sarcasm where sarcasm itself is a harsh expression. After

understanding sarcasm, the researcher knows that sarcasm is a form of satirical

expression to hurt the other person. Sarcasm usually contains ridicule or ridicule.

Therefore, the researcher is interested in discussing what types of sarcasm are in

the presidential election debate video between Joe Biden vs Donald Trump. the

researcher used the Elizabeth Camp sarcasm theory.

According to Joshi, Bhattacharyya, and carman (2018) in Elizabeth camp

sarcasm theory there are four types of sarcasm namely: Propositional sarcasm,

Lexical sarcasm, Prefixed sarcasm and Illocutionary sarcasm. This theory

helps the researcher to analyze sarcasm expressions in the final debate Joe

Biden vs. Donald Trump.

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B. Research Questions

Based on the background above, the researcher formulates this research

question as follows:

1. What kinds of sarcasm are found in the finale debate Joe Biden vs.
Donald Trump?
2. What functions of the sarcasm are found in finale debate Joe Biden vs.
Donald Trump?
C. Research Objective

The objective of this research follows:

1. To explained forms of sarcasm are found in the finale debate Joe Biden
vs. Donald Trump.
2. To describes functions of the sarcasm are found in finale debate Joe
Biden vs. Donald Trump.
D. Research Significance
The significances of the study as follows:
1. This thesis can help the reader to find out what types of sarcasm in
finale debate Joe Biden vs. Donald trump and also to find out what
functions of the sarcasm are found in finale debate Joe Biden vs.
Donald Trump.
2. Hopefully this thesis can be a reference for Reader’s
3. Improve the reader’s insight to know more about what types and
function of sarcasm
E. Scope of the Research
This thesis will be focused on analyzing forms of Sarcasm by using the
theory of Elizabeth camp sarcasm theory (2018) and also this thesis will
focused to explain what the function of sarcasm by using Elizabeth camp
sarcasm theory (2018) through data in the video finale debate on youtube

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II REVIEW OF RELETED LITERATURE
1. Previous Studies

several researchers conducted research on sarcasm, to help with this

research process the researcher takes any information from proposal, thesis

and from the information give the advantage for the researcher and the

researcher found several relevant studies on the topic to be discussed, the

researcher selected several previous findings including:

Zuhri (2020) in her thesis "Sarcasam Analysis on Megawati Soekarno

Putri's and Sukmawati Soekarno Putri's". This Research uses Qualitative Data

Validity Test Plan. Her thesis Analyzes Sarcasm in the speech, using Lamb's

seven Types of Sarcasm theory, especially the kind of Sarcasm. The result of

the study is there are 7 types of sarcasm that appear in speech, including Self-

Deprecating Sarcasm, Brooding Sarcasm, Deadpan sarcasm, Obnoxious

sarcasm, Manic sarcasm, Ranging sarcasm. In this thesis, the results of her

research explain that the speech uses polite sarcasm where the sarcastic

message to be conveyed is packaged more neatly in the form of a question and

it is also found that in the speech there is camouflage sarcasm which means it

can be detected by analyzing its meaning. The reason Megawati Soekarno

Putri and Sukmawati Soekarno Putri conveyed sarcasm in their speeches was

to satirize, and also to make fun of certain individuals or groups because these

groups or individuals did not agree with Megawati Soekarno Putri's thoughts

during her reign. And it was clear in her speech that Megawati expressed her

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anxiety because individuals or society did not agree with the decisions made

by Megawati, therefore Megawati in her speech conveyed a message through

her sarcastic words. very firm.

Sarcasm is widely used in daily life, in this case it is used to detect

whether the speech delivered is polite, behind the word sarcasm conveyed in

the speech there is a meaning that is being conveyed. In the seven types of

sarcasm described earlier, there are 3 types of sarcasm that are easy to use in

everyday life. For example, the use of sarcastic words in their speech but

delivered with more polite words. through lamb's seven types of sarcasm it

can be seen that sarcasm aims to cover up its true meaning, meaning that

sarcasm is an expression with figurative words whose purpose is to satirize the

intended party, the word sarcasm that came out during the speeches of

Megawati Soekarno Putri and Sukmawati Soekarno Putri aims to satirize the

public about who the real rival is.

Tri Hartono (2019) in her thesis “ Analysis of Sarcasm on youtube in

Presidential Election Era” this study is semantic analysis to identify the

types of sarcasm and also to identify how the types of sarcasm are coded. This

study aims to find out what types of sarcasm are and also to elaborate types of

sarcasm are coded in the comments on YouTube presidential era. This study

analyzes types of sarcasm using a qualitative method with theory of Elizabeth

Camp sarcasm theory.

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 The authors collect the data from chosen the comments from YouTube that

wanted to be analyzed and also classified based on the types of sarcasm. The

result of the study there are many types of sarcasm comments found on the

YouTube channel based on the types of sarcasm from Elizabeth camp theory

found there were 30 types of sarcasm found in the comments column. The 30

types of sarcasm were then divided into 4 types of sarcasm according to

camp's theory, namely prepositional, lexical sarcasm, prefixed and also

illocutionary sarcasm, from the study it was found that there were 4 types of

propositional sarcasm, 16 lexical, 5 prefixed and 5 illocutionary sarcasms. The

results of the study found that most of those who commented in the YouTube

comments column used a lot of sarcastic comments about politics in

Indonesia. In the comments column types of sarcasm were found, namely:

propositional sarcasm, for example, the expression " semoga utusan jokowi

bisa mengatasi dahaga bowo".if analyzed the purpose of the sarcasm is an

expression of Prabowo's surrender in winning the presidential election, the

word "haus" is not to drink but a strong desire to win in the presidential

election. So prepositional sarcasm is a type of sarcasm that is uttered with

another meaning or purpose. Next is the type of illocutionary sarcasm in the

statement "jika salah input bisa menang ya." From this comment, it can be

seen that the purpose of saying sarcasm is not to ask about errors in the

presidential election vote count, but to insinuate more about the fraud

committed.

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 Rachmat (2017) in his desertation “ Penggunaan Sarkasme dalam

pergaulan Mahasiswa Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi UIN Alauddin

Makassar” this study is semantic analysis to identify how to acquire the

language of sarcasm spoken by FDK students this study explores a sarcasm

spoken by FDK students based on Behaviorsm theory. This study aims to find

out the acquisition of the language of sarcasm and also to find out what factors

cause FDK students at UIN Alauddin Makassar to use sarcastic words. This

thesis using Qualitative research, the results of the research is sarcasm is a

figure of speech that is used to satirize someone; sarcasm can be in the form

of an insult that someone does to express annoyance, anger using harsh words.

Sarcasm language is obtained from the scope of friendship and social media.

factors that caused FDK students to spoke sarcasm because of emotion where

the use of the word sarcasm aims to vent their anger, the next factor is joking,

the spontaneous factor makes people accidentally issue sarcasm. From this

study it was explained that friendship environmental factors affect a person's

speaking style, for example if we have a friends who is sarcastic we will

indirectly also say rude words with the aim of joking or because of emotion.

The second thing that influences someone to say sarcasm is the use of social

media when someone opens social media like Instagram, for example they see

and read a lot of sarcastic words written by someone in the comments column.

From there, this FDK student learns and also applies them in his daily life.

According to them saying the word sarcasm is interesting with the aim of

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joking or in a state of emotion they use the word sarcasm to vent their

emotions.

Chusna (2022) “Sarcasm in The Comment Column of Joe Biden’s

Instagram post”

In her thesis uses Descriptive Qualitative method to analyze comments

contained in Joe Biden’s Instagram Post to describe contain forms of sarcasm

language. This study aims to investigate the form of sarcasm found in the

comments column and to investigate the function of the sarcasm language in

Joe Biden’s Instagram Post. In this study analyze the sarcasm language using

Elizabeth camp theory, the result of the study is the writer found 60 forms of

sarcasm in the comments column. The most common type of sarcasm is

prefixed sarcasm data frequently, around 55% prefixed sarcasm is a type of

sarcasm statement with a declarative sentence. the type of sarcasm that is

widely used by people who comment on Joe Biden’s Instagram account is

prefixed sarcasm, one of the comments is "look it is a criminal politician who

still can't get anything right" from the comment it can be seen that the speaker

directly said that Joe Biden is a criminal the sarcastic word that first came out

was a negative sentence insulting Joe Biden by saying Joe Biden was a

criminal politician who did things that were not right. and the type of sarcasm

that is rarely used by netizens is lexical sarcasm. The function of sarcasm

founded in the Joe Biden’s column comments in Instagram is as a form of

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rejection used to reject something that hated, as a form of conveying used to

provide the information in instagram, sarcasm as a form of affirmation, and

the last function of sarcasm is expression of opinion used to provide advice or

opinion on something question.

All of the thesis explained about sarcasm language then also describe

about the types and function of language sarcasm, Zuhri focused on How do

the megawati Soekarno Putri and Sukmawati Soekarno Putri express Sarcasm

on their speech and Why they do express their sarcasm in their speech use

Lamb's seven Types of Sarcasm theory, especially the kind of Sarcasm. Tri

Hartono focused described types of sarcasm and also to identify how the types

of sarcasm are coded in Youtube Presidential Era using Elizabeth Camp

sarcasm theory. And Rahmat focused analyzing how to acquire the language

of sarcasm spoken by FDK students this study explores a sarcasm spoken by

FDK students and what factors caused FDK students at UIN Alauddin

Makassar to use sarcastic words. based on Behaviorism theory. Meanwhile

Chusna focused on analyzing form of sarcasm and function of sarcasm in

comments column Joe Biden’ post.

In this case, the researcher will analyze types of sarcasm and the function

of sarcasm in the finale debate Joe Biden vs. Donald Thrump on YouTube

same as Zuhri’s and Chusna’s thesis,the differences in Their object of the

research is Zuhri analyze the speech Chusna analyze the Instagram post.

Meanwhile, the researcher Analyze debate.

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B. Conceptual Framework

1. Rhetorical

Speaking is an ability that is owned by each individual, speaking is a basic

ability possessed by humans since birth, humans have known the word

communication when they were babies, crying is a sign to communicate but as

they get older the ways to communicate also begin to increase. Humans

communicate using two ways, namely orally and also in writing. However, the

most common communication carried out by humans is oral communication

through rhetoric. If it is defined in more detail, rhetoric comes from the

English word "rhetoric", which means the science of speaking. Rhetoric has 4

characteristics as a science of speech including accumulative, general,

rational, and the last is empirical. According to Harsoyo (2005) Accumulative

is a science that says public speaking or when someone is speaking in public

then it is a rhetoric, the next characteristic in a rhetoric is general. general

means free, in rhetoric the things you want to convey must be open and is not

secret because it contains social value. Rationally, when someone is

rhetorical, what is conveyed must be well-organized and reasonable, and the

last rhetorical characteristic is empirical, when someone wants to present a

fact, then that fact can be clearly received by the five senses. according to

Rahmat (2001: 10), rhetoric is a science that focuses on studying how words

are arranged with the correct composition in order to give the desired

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impression to the general public, rhetoric is the highest human talent ability

including ratio and taste in the ability to speak in the field of mind.

The term rhetoric developed in (384-322 BC) rhetoric was first developed by

Aristotle along with the development of the term rhetoric in rhetoric society

which spread widely in various fields including in the fields of education, art,

politics and economics. Talking about what is rhetoric, the meaning of

rhetoric can be seen broadly and also narrowly rhetoric in a narrow scope

means the art of speaking, but if you want to examine more broadly the

meaning of rhetoric, it can be concluded that rhetoric is a way in which there

is the use of spoken and written language. But what is most popular in society

is rhetoric in a narrow scope. The general public knows rhetoric as the art of

public speaking. who work in politics. At first, rhetoric was not considered a

science, but was considered as one's ability to make speeches in public. At

first rhetoric was used to win a case with the pressure of how to develop their

ability to argue. People who are good at rhetoric are able to choose sentences,

expressions, terms that can attract their listeners when they hear someone

rhetoric. The language used at that time was very beautiful with a negative

connotation. According to Plato, rhetoric is an ability possessed in realizing

spoken language which aims to gain perfect and broad knowledge. Rhetoric is

an art that aims to attract the attention of others when speaking with an art of

using effective language styles in a way to be able to amaze those who hear it.

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Rhetoric is a person's ability to choose and apply language in certain

conditions with the aim of persuading his listeners.

2. Definition figure of speech

figurative form or expression used in the world of literacy, whether spoken

or written. In the word figure of speech, words that are usually spoken or

written do not contain a direct meaning, but are only intended as expressions.

Keraf (1988) Stated that figure of speech is how a person expresses his

thoughts through the language that he has in a special way so that it can be

Figures of speech are words used in the form of a language used as a shown

through the personality and soul of the author (language use). figure of speech

is used in a literary work to get a certain effect, figurative speech is used to

find out more about the meaning in a literary work, usually it is also used to

beautify a word contained in a literary work. figure of speech simply serves to

explain the intent of the literary work written by the author.

The function of the figure of speech is to give beauty to words, usually

used in prose, poetry, drama poetry, theater. , film subtitles, and so on that

use figures of speech in their writing. Figure of speech is a figurative word

used by speakers to convey intentions and goals imaginatively with the aim

that the listener gets the effect of the utterance by using figure of speech

language. So indirectly the purpose of someone using a figure of language is

to give effect or satire of the speaker's speech. Usually, figure of speech

language uses connotative meanings or is not real.

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 3. Types figure of speech

Types of figure of speech According to Murtiani, Arifah, and Noviastuti

(2016: 212) are divided into 4 types including associations, comparisons,

insinuations, and contradictions. But researchers are more focused on

insinuations because this type relates to the research that will be analyze.

According to Murtiani, Arifah, and Noviastuti (2016: 215) sarcasm is part of a

figure of speech with the intention of expressing sarcastic words to the

interlocutor and to increase the impact on the listener. In this study, the

researchers focused more on analyzing the types of figures of speech

insinuation, these types divided into 3 such as:

1. Irony is one part of the figure of speech. Irony is a figure of speech that states

meaning that are actually contradictory, a discrepancy between actual facts.

Or if it is defined briefly, irony is a satire that states the opposite with the aim

of satirizing other people. Keraf (2008: 143) State Irony or satire is a

reference that wants to say something with a different meaning or purpose

than what is contained in the series of words.

Example: you arrived too early, the guests left an hour ago. If we analyze the

meaning of the speech, it means that the person came for a very long time,

many guests have left.

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2. Cynicism is a type of figure of speech which is a satire aimed openly or

directly at the intended object. This type of figure of speech is harsh, but this

figure of speech aims to strengthen the message you want to convey. The

main function of this figure of speech is to provide information that is not

good enough to get a solution, to emphasize something and to make an impact

on the listener. Tarigan (2013: 91) cynicism is a style of language in the form

of satire in the form of doubt that contains ridicule of sincerity.

3. Sarcasm is cruder than cynicism and irony. sarcasm is an expression to

ridicule someone, sarcasm is a form of expression to tease other people.

Usually, to find out if the person is saying sarcasm, just pay attention to the

tone of voice and facial expressions. the purpose of someone issuing the word

sarcasm is to ridicule or for a joke. According to Poerwadarminta (in Wiji,

2021:9), sarcasm is a style language that contains ridicule or scathing and

hurtful satire. Figure of speech sarcasm makes use mockery, satire, and

unpleasant phrases meant to offend. For example are you blind? you stepped

on my foot.

4. Definition of Sarcasm

According to Poerwadarminta (in Wiji, 2021:9), sarcasm is a style

language that contains ridicule or scathing and hurtful satire. Figure of speech

sarcasm makes use mockery, satire, and unpleasant phrases meant to offend.

We need to first be familiar with the following traits in order to better

understand sarcasm phrases: use phrases or expressions with a pejorative or

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unpleasant tone. Includes the word "ridicule" or other insulting synonyms. It's

not easy to hear him speak since his tone is perpetually one of anger.

According to Keraf (2009, p.143-144) sarcasm is a rougher reference than

irony and cynicism. In every community, it's possible for us to come across

things that we don't agree with in other people, whether it be in the form of

opinion t, homosexuality, or even appearance. Yet it's possible that it won't be

disclosed in full, but rather in the form of a statement, when discussing how

we feel about other people, particularly those who are not familiar with us. A

statement of disapproval, criticism, or any other kind of censure over how

oneself affects others can come from anyone. When discussing the

aforementioned satire, one mentions a "figure of speech or sarcasm. In

general, Sarcasm criticism could be characterized as a form of sarcastic that,

at times, takes the form of such an unfavorable assessment of the working

conditions at the a particular institution and of someone else that the critic

does not find agreeable. In general, Sarcasm criticism can be defined as a kind

of sarcastic that, at times, takes the form like an unfavorable evaluation of the

working conditions once at particular institution and of someone else that the

critic does not find agreeable.

It is acceptable to use sarcasm to hide sentiments of discomfort, tension, or

fury. Sarcasm may have an impact on a certain individual or set of

circumstances. The expressing of a disparity between two opposed viewpoints

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is sarcasm. That amuses or criticizes someone or something is the purpose of

sarcasm. When sarcasm is used to express anger and rage, it often takes the

form of an abuse or perhaps an allegation. Such an arguing, which employs

sharp language or sharpened words, can lessen some else's suffering.

Sarcasm is a legitimate way to suppress feelings of unease, tenseness, or

rage. Sarcasm may affect a certain person or particular circumstances.

Sarcasm is the expression of a contrast between two opposing opinions. The

goal of sarcasm is to tease or insult someone or something. Sarcasm can take

the form of an insult or accusation, using harsh words to convey the meaning

of angry and furious feelings. A method of bickering like this one can ease

someone else's suffering thanks to the use of harsh words and serrated speech.

Figure of speech sarcasm makes use mockery, satire, and unpleasant phrases

meant to offend. We need to first be familiar with the following traits in order

to better understand sarcasm phrases: use phrases or expressions with a

pejorative or unpleasant tone. Includes the word "ridicule" or other insulting

synonyms. It’s not easy to hear him speak since his tone is perpetually one of

anger.

5.Function of sarcasm

Function is a word that is familiar to listeners. When someone hears the

word automatic function, what comes to mind is usability. Goals and so on.

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Function is that exists in a particular object or system. according to Sutarto in

Nining Haslinda Zainal (2008:22), i.e. Functions are detailed tasks that are

similar or closely related to each other to be carried out by a certain employee,

each of which is based on a group of similar activities. In social life,

sometimes we find things we don't like about someone, both in terms of

appearance, style of speech, and opinion. In expressing things we don't like

about other people, of course we can't express dislike directly, when we don't

like other people we use sarcasm to satirize people we don't like. Sarcasm

aims to offend someone usually using the word connotation, that is, the word

spoken is usually inversely related to the intended meaning, figurative

language of sarcasm is used to express annoyance at something that is not

liked but in the context of humor. Dwi Sunar Prasetyo in his book 'Complete

Book of Figures and 3000 Proverbs', state that figurative language sarcasm

intends to satirize or offend someone or something by taking the form of an

insult. Sarcasm can express feelings of annoyance and anger by being used in

a humorous context.

A sarcasm can be issued by someone to express a form of dislike, ridicule,

criticism, or a form of annoyance towards another person, to express this form

of dislike through an expression known as figurative sarcasm. So the purpose

of someone issuing a satire because of a form of dislike for other people.

According to Keraf (2019:26), the function of Sarcasm is divided into ten

parts: as a form of refusal, Form of prohibition, as a form of information, as a

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form of delivery of affirmation, as a form of conveying opinions, as a form of

delivery of orders, as a form of submission of questions, as a form of

conveying equality, as a form of comparison delivery, as a form of greeting.

6. Forms of sarcasm

According to Elizabeth Camp (1994: 17) there are 4 types of sarcasm

follows:

a) Propositional sarcasm is a form of sarcasm where it is explained that is a

type of sarcasm that is the opposite between a statement and its true

meaning. This type of sarcasm directly leads to other intents and purposes;

someone conveys an expression that has another purpose and purpose

behind the words he says. The point is that the speaker does indeed show

the intention of satirizing other people but with different aims and

objectives, meaning that the word sarcasm uttered by the speaker has a

specific purpose, the aim is to satirize, or insult the other person. . For

example, Daniel had to be spanked by the women (Camp's 1994: 21). the

meaning of the word sarcasm aims to convey the meaning of the statement

that daniel is someone who is not well known among women. The purpose

of that statement was to make fun of Daniel.

b) Lexical sarcasm is a form of sarcasm that is very close to semantic theory,

where this type of sarcasm speakers uses the word sarcasm to look more

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 natural and clear about extreme statements, in other words, lexical sarcasm

is a type of sarcasm expressed in the form of positive words. but the effect

has a negative meaning. For example If belle is so brilliant, then she'll be

the perfect dupe for our little plan. From the statement above using the

word brilliant to praise belle’s intelligence but accompanied by a negative

word after "the perfect dupe". The meaning of that statement is that belle is

a smart person but easy to deceive.

c) Like '- prefixed sarcasm is similar to the type of prepositional sarcasm but

like prefixed sarcasm arranges statements in the form of sarcasm with

sentences in declarative forms. This type of sarcasm immediately starts the

word sarcasm in the statement conveyed without using positive words. If in

prepositional sarcasm is more dominant (a statement from the speaker

contradicts the intent to be conveyed), then prefixed sarcasm is a type of

sarcasm that shows statements that deny and tend to be confusing. For

example the corruptor having fun on vacation with his family. (Camp,

1994:31).

d) Illocutionary sarcasm this type of sarcasm is a complete type of sarcasm

when viewed in terms of speech and also the speech acts that complement

it, illocutionary sarcasm is a type of sarcasm that is used by someone who

at the beginning conveys an expression with a question sentence, someone

pretends not to know then then asks a question but in fact they just want to

satirize- where you take the pic?, that’s look like the photo in the

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 background (Camp, 1994: 815) from this example it can be concluded that

the speaker said this was not to praise the photo but pretended to ask the

taking of the photo that didn't make sense like an edit.

7. YouTube

When we hear the word of media, the things that come to mind are

newspapers, magazines and so on, while the word social refers to the

community or media users. Social media is currently very popular among the

public, the growth of social media is currently growing rapidly. Social media is

a tool that is used by someone to communicate and interact with other people.

The method used to interact is creating, exchanging information, sharing ideas

in a community on social media. Before the development of social media,

people got information from print media, including magazines and newspapers,

in addition to print media to get information through broadcast media such as

television and radio. However, along with the development of science and

technology, one can now more easily access news or information through social

media using the internet. The types of social media include Instagram,

Facebook, What Sapp, and YouTube and so on. In using social media someone

can contribute comments and information in a very fast time. However, when

using social media, someone sometimes uses social media as a place to satirize

other people they don't like.

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 One form of social media that is currently widely used by people is YouTube.

YouTube is a social media where someone can post a video, be it in the form of

a video to spread information that is currently a trend among the public, daily

activities, learning activities and much more. According to (Miller, 2009: 3)

YouTube is a video sharing community which means that YouTube users can

upload and view all kinds of video clips online using any web browser. The

existence of social media provides benefits for its users, but there are also

negative impacts when using social media, depending on how we use and

utilize social media as a means to share and obtain information. just like

YouTube, the benefits you get, either as a video uploaded or as a viewer,

include the following: earn income from YouTube, the more viewers who

watch the videos that we upload, the more income we will get, as a means of

promoting the company, and the last YouTube is useful for sharing good

information about education, sports, health, entertainment and others.

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III. Research Method

A. The Research Method

The researcher describes the types of sarcasm and the functions of

sarcasm. In this study, several expressions containing the word sarcasm

will be examined using the theory by Elizabeth Camp sarcasm theory. This

study uses a qualitative research method. According to Lexy.j. Moleong,

(2000:17) qualitative research is a research procedure that procedures

descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and

observed behavior. The statements contained in the debate video will be

described and then analyzed. For data sources, the researcher chose the Joe

Biden vs. Donald Trump debate video on YouTube, the data was collected

to find out what types and the function of sarcasm.

B. The source of Data

In this research, the researcher was taken the data from YouTube,

determining the method of data collection in addition to the type of data

that has been made in advance. The source of data taken from the statement

by Joe Biden and Donald Trump in channel YouTube sky news it

contained types of sarcasm and the researcher also taken the source from

article or journal in internet to support the research. After getting the

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Sarcasm statements from the debate on YouTube, the researcher explained

about the type and function of sarcasm.

C. Instrument of Research

The instrument of this research is researcher it was the researcher. It

was because the researcher collected and analyzed the object directly. Data

collection are the earliest steps carried out before the researcher conducts

research. The main purpose of data collection is to obtain data. The

researcher collected the data from statements on you tube about final

debate presidential election that contained sarcasm statements after that the

researcher analyzed the types of sarcasm.

D. Procedures of Collecting Data

Procedure collecting data is the first step before conducting research..

Procedure collection data are steps taken by researchers to collect data, the

researcher collect and analyzed the data to find out types and function of

sarcasm. While data collection methods are as follows:

1. Searching the data. The researcher first watched the presidential

election debate video between Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump.

2. Selecting the data. After watching the final debate video on YouTube

the researcher had chosen the sarcasm statements that want to

analyze.

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3. Collecting data. After watching and chosen sarcasm statement the

researcher will collect and classify based on the types and function of

sarcasm.

E. The technique of Analyzing Data

According to Taylor (1995) analyzing data is defined as a process that

details formal efforts to find themes and formulate hypotheses (ideas) as

suggested and as attempts to provide assistance and themes to hypotheses.

After the Researcher collected the data related the research, the data will

analyzed used qualitative approach. Some of the steps of the researcher in

analyzing the data:

1. Rewatch the Video final debate Joe Biden vs Donald Trump on

YouTube.

2. Selecting the data collected, consist the statement from video on

YouTube which shows the sarcasm statements by the speaker.

3. The researcher will classify of data based on research problems.

4. After classifying of data the researcher will analyzes sarcasm by

the statement of speaker based on Elizabeth Camp sarcasm theory.

5. The researcher will make the conclusion.

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