AMMO, Geo Waysudee, AC Circuits Part 1 Single Phase (1) Systems “THE ESTABLISHED LEADER IN EE REVIEW” MULTIVECTOR Review and Training Center Ground Floor, Cuevasville Tower F. Cayco comer Earnshaw Sts, Sampaloc, Manila Tel. No. 7317423MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) CIRCUITS PARTI ‘Single Phase (14) System ‘An alternating quantity either current or voltage is that which acs in alternate direction and whose magnitude undergoes a definite cycle of change in definite interval of time ‘Sine Wave/Sinusoidal Wave Positive peak Peak to peak value Cacle ~a complete change in value and direction of an alternating quantity. A cycle of altering voltage and current ‘completes in 360 electrical degrees. There are two (2) alterations per cycle Excquency (Q ~the number efeycles per second exprested in hertz (HZ). a= where: £- frequency, hertz (HZ) or eps P—no.of poles N~speed, rpm Period (1) the time it takes to complete one cycle 1. Foreléctromagnetic waves, the velocity (vin ar or vacuum is 186,000 mils or 3 x 10" emis, which isthe speed of light, 2. For sound waves, the velocity () in air is 1,130 fs - AC Circuits Page | of 10MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER om ray From the above figure, MO) = Vie sin at vols where 0) instantaneous value of voltage, volts wn Det where 140)= instantaneous value ofcurent, amperes Jq= maximum value of eurent, amperes [Note: wt whose unit is radian canbe replaced by 6 expressed in degrees, 00) 2) From the above figure, vi) Vu sia ot volts v0) Vu in (+0) volts (0 * Va sin (ot 6) vols where leading or ahead =O lagging or behind = phase angle or angle of displacement “ AC Circuits Page 2 of 10Instantaneous Value ~ the value of alienating quantity at any instant. ‘Maximum Value ~ the maximum value a iso called the peak value, or amy ined by an alternating quantity during postive or negative half eycle. This is plitude of alternating quantity Average Value ~ the average of all the instamtaneous values of half (ether postive or ne ‘quant. ve) eyele of alternating or sinusoidal voltage Wave, Vax = 0.636 Vin “or sinusoidel current wave, Ir = 0.636 ly Eifgstive Value ~ the value of altemating quantity which when applied toa given circuit for a Same expenditure of energy as when de. is applied tothe same circuit forthe same interval of time. The effective value is also called as the root-mean-square” (rms) value For sinusoidal voltage wave, Vins 0.707 Vn For sinusoidal current wav y= 0.707 ly For other waves, average value of voltage and curentis given by For sine wave, Form factor = Maximum value (Crestor peak factor = tvs vale For sine wave, Crestor peak factor = 1.414 _« AC Circuits Page 3 of 10Pure Resistance Sess v zr v= where: V = effective or RMS voltage 1 effective or RMS current R= effective or ae resistance For sinusoidal voltage supply, 0.707 Ve, 0.707 le 1 isin phase with V 1. Real or True or Active or Average Power 2. Reactive Power MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER Power Triangle: fe | P = power factor (p.) angle or phase angle p.L-= power factor eos 6= P/S = teactivefsctor= sin 8= QIS 00 = QP For Pure , since 9= 0° Energy expended, ‘We Pt joules or watt-see Pure Inductance =>! pe v L , Va where 2X, inductive reactance in ohms X= l= 2xiL.@ F frequency, Hz LL= inductance, henry (H) For sinusoidal voltage supply, Q=VIsin@ voltampere reactves (vars) 3. Apparent Power S=VI_vol-ampere (va) Vale gota va 2 da ve , wee 8 a Va=leXe Phasor diagram: v B= 90° 1 lags V by 90° XL P= Vi(p.£)=ER= VyeR watts Q=VIGeE) =F % Xe) Q= (IK) = (Wel Stee s-\PFE ve Z AC Cieuits Page 6 of 10,Note: V is constant. X= al =25.0 Ike where: pL=cos8=Iy/lr=ZR f= sin Omlhr= 2% tan O= [ly = RX P= Vi(p)= 1a = V9 vats Q=VI(£)= 10 X= VK vars a TeZ= VIZ ve sa, SF a Su F ev in $e sec v a Xe Oe” ie I= WIR j le* WX i MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER Phasor diageam: ts I S=Vip=IpZ= VIZ va Also, s=VPFO va LC in Parallel > k Xe= el = 2x 0 1 —l_ Xe GE a Baie I= VR I= VK le VK aie Ga WX HR nev TK RXiXe y= Viz amperes AC Circuits Page 7 of 10MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER where Impedance in Series : RXie RST WRI ee ema PL = cos0= lah 2 in f= sin (= be le= Z Ke~ XXX tan 0 = (Lele ® R (Ke~ Ke) KX Not: k Transpose I, and lei > le Impedance in Complex Form |. For Pure R Note: Inthe above equations, impedances Z=R+ joa must be in complex form. z- Iria {ste reciprocal of impedance 2. 2, For Pure L Z=0+iK2 ‘ho or siemen Z=1X,1290°0 3. For Pure C Conductance (G)- is the reciprocal of resistance R. Z=0-iXc ; Z= IXe12-90° Grr bo orclemen 4. For Series RL Z=RAXQ ‘Susceptance (B) ~ isthe reciprocal of reactance X. Dai RE 248 7 z=l2l2on B= sb ho orsiemen ‘where: 0° <0 < 90" *, Taduetve susceptance. By. Ue 5. For Series RC Capacitive sosceptance Be= Ve Za Reo Zaeeae c0 Incomples form, 2-|z1290 Y=G+jp were: F890" whee +jB = capacitive suceptance Be 6 or Series RLC “3B = inductive suseptance B, Z=R+{ 04%) 0 Za oh as 20 _Admixances in Series z=lzl2+00 ie Note: +8,ifX,> Xe YoY Gif Xe> Xe erg Mi In general, = R 23 Fortwo 2) adoiances in series, where +)X * inductive reactance ee JX capacitive eatance Ww Admittance we + For the complex expression of an impedance its angle ranges fiom 0° 1990" only either Ver Yt Yat Yyt once # Mn positive or negative. Mathematically, 0° s 6 = 90° Note: In the above equations, admitances must be expressed in complex form. 2 ae AC Circuits Page & of 10>, iM) MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER Power in Complex Form 1. Volege Conjugate Methos 2. Curent Conjugate Method / Conjugate of Vwi S= Vx Conjugate oft with 4 fespestothe horn ats spect tothe horizontal axis \ sevi +E 220 sod Zon wher whee: separa power, va i= conjugate ofthe curent, P= ealortraor average pow, wats ‘amperes Q= reactive power ae Not: I caent, amperes j= Q's capacive (is ending) lage. vals Q's ince (pt aging) conjugate ofthe vole, vols = power itr ange Nove 13> Qin capacive is eadgy = Qis indie (Ot gsing) Resonance A Sireuit is said tobe in resonance when te applied voltage V and the resuiting eurent ae in phase. Thus at resonance, the equivalent complex impedance ofthe circuit consists of ony resistance R. Since V and fare n phase te Powe factor ofa resonant eteuits unity Series Resonance (For RLC in Series) Parallel Resonance/Antiresonance (For RLC in Parallel) Arenatce, Atresonnce, TVi=Ve Tiyte 2 xt 2 Kae H 3. Le deeoe 1 a sock i 1 a so $a 7 wer angular eqn : Tesoruce dee —— "Tae a Ie 1. Supply vgs, V "Vx where (= resonant equency, he (2) 8 2=R-+ apureresisance 1. Supply volags, V-Vp 2 thaimen, 22 Reva pureresicince 9. Total reasane, r= 0 21s minimum. 9. Taal cacanee, = 10 k=h=Ve=vR i 10, I= Viz Vik Irisminimum~ ‘is maximum. AL, pf 1 or unity 1, pee orumiy 2 SPV 12 Sep-w 9-0 1. Q=0 « AC Cir Page 9 of 10@,= Yoo 0) = Inf, jos = 2nh f= Ni 4. For Parallel RLC, Qe =0,CR @L This isthe reciprocal of Q, for series RLC. ective Value ofa Not rent Voltage Wave tees tet tet yy tat Ea 2 ee [Riu ve/viry vet +e wie VRF-ue ecraa 2 where 5 I= effetive value ofthe current ge LL [eee Ve efectve valu ofthe volage rate \/ RE-UC 14" de component ofthe eurent Vie= de component ofthe voltage Quality Factor @ |= maximum value ofthe ac component The quali factor of ols, capacitors of the curent, subscript indieats the and eeu is defined by degre ofthe harmonia, (ie, | for pet rasfesciaags the fundamental or predominant on a ree EY sinusoidal component, 2 for second Srey Aspsted perce harmonic, 3 for third barmonie ad 1, For Sis RL, soon) fe Va maximum value ofthe ac component atk. 2a ofthe volag, subscript indicates RoR the degree ofthe harmonic ice Harmonics components of the current or voltage in which 7 ithe frequencies are mulples ofthe fundamental @cR 35K Not: {= fungamentalfegueney 3, For Series RLC, at resonance 2f= 2" harmonic frequency 5t=3"harmonie frequency ‘BW = bandwidth which isthe distance between half power pins, measured in hers (HZ) aw AC Circuits Page 10 of 10some MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER (44 AC CIRCUITS: gp PART | - SINGLE PHASE SYSTEM EXERCISES: REE — Sept. 2013 1. The value of form factor for a pure sine wave is A144 B.0.707 C.0.637 mOat.14 REE ~ Sept. 2007 / April 2016 ‘Wavelength is the distance traveled by an electronic wave during the time of one cycle. Given a wavelength of 12 meters, what is the frequency? ‘A. 250 KHZ, B.25 KHZ (©. 250 MHZ (D)25 MHZ. 3. If emf in a circuit is given by = 100 sin 626!, the maximum value of voltage and frequency is ATOOV,50Hz B00, 10H C. S02 Vv, 50H D. 502 V, 100 He REE - April 2007 4. What i the compiex expression for a given alternating curent, = 250 sin ~ 25 deg)? A227 +j108 Wl 160-75 c. 227 = 106 D. 16075 5. A sinusoidal voltage wave has an RMS value of 70.71 V and a frequency of 60 Hz. Determine the value of the voltage 0.0014 second after the wave crosses the ut axis, A7071V B.100V w.50V D.14142V REE ~ Sept 2010 6. Ina single-phase circuit Vx'= 84.85 + 84.85 v and Vs node 0. Calculate Vs. AAAN74=[M1073V — B.11.74+)110.73v PO 14.74 110.73 D.-11.74+)110.73v REE - October 2000 7. Asinusoidal current wave has a maximum value of 20 A. What is the average value of one-half cycle? AS 1B 127 C1414 D.o REE ~ April 1997 8. Awite carries @ current, i= 3 cos 314t amperes. What is the average current over 6 seconds? 16.59 ~ j25.88 v with respect to a reference TARO A B15A C.3.0A D. 0.532 41. The form factor ofa ha-wave rectied ateratngcurentis Ait wei 187 ois D190 REE ~ Sept. 2006 / Sept. 2015 10. When the sole purpose of acs o produce heat, the selection of conductor fs based on____value ace A. Average: B. Instantaneous @! RMS. D. Peak 11. The maximum value of a sine wave AC voltage which will produce heat in a resistor at the same average rate as 115 V of direct current is AB13V B15V Wa eev D.230V 12, The effective value of v(t) = 100+Asinot is known to be 103.1. The amplitude A of te sine term is ABS B.4.85 0) 35.48 D. 100 13. An alternating current and a direct current flows simultaneously in the same conductor. Ifthe effective value of the AC is 8 A and DC is 12 A, what will an AC ammeter read when connected in the circuit? wal 14.428 B12A ©. 11.68 A D. 16.49 ae create Page otMULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER (44) AC CIRCUITS REE - April 2013 14. The power factor of incandescent bulb is A. 0.8 lagging B.O8leading GL unity D.zero REE - Sept. 2016 16. The impedance triangle is similar to the triangle with the resistance phasor in place of the ‘A. crrent resistor curent 8. current, resistor votage C. voltage, impedance 0D, voltage, resistor voltage 16. An impedance draws a current | = 10 cos (ot ~ 20°) A from a v = 220 sin at volts. What is the power? wAlssow B.1100W C. 190.5 W D. 1320W 17. The effective voltage across a circuit element is (20 + j10) V and the effective current through the lementis 4~j3.A. Calculate the true and the reactive power taken by the element. PR 50 watts & 100 Vers lagging B. 20 watts & 100 Vars leading C. 110 watts & 20 Vars lagging D. 110 watts & 20 Vars leading 18.4 110-vott AC line feeds two circuits in parallel. The currents are (2.2 ~ j6.5) A and (1.8 ~ 3.5) A. The ower consumed by the two circuits is approximately. A 1,185 watts 1B, 440 watts C. 785 watts D. 433 watts 19. Find the average power in a resistance R = 10 ohms ifthe current in series form is i= 10 sin ut + 5 sin But + 2 sin Sut amperes. A. 65.4 watts 1B)645 watts C. 546 watts D. 5.46 watts REE ~ Sopt. 2014 20. A 20 mi inductor draws a current of it) = 100sin100t. Find the voltage equation, A. 200sin100t ‘BI 200cos100t C. 2000sin100t D. 2000cos100t REE - So,\t. 2014 21. 4.40 - uF capacitor is supplied with a voltage of v(t) = 100sin377t. Find the current equation. A, 1.51sin(377t~ 90°) C.1.51sin377t B.1.5tcos(3771 + 909) WO) 1.510837 REE - Sept. 2016 322.A 40 oF capac i supled with avokage of i) «100 sin 377. Whatis the cure att = 07 WEL1S1A 3.028 0.1.07 REE ~ April 2013 23. Ina series RL circuit the inductor current the resistor current, A. lags B leads WO is equal to D. is negative of REE ~ April 2016 24, For an RL circuit, the power factor cannot be less than or greater than eA 0.1 81,0 C.0,- 0-10 REE - Sept. 2011 25. resistance of 20 sin series wth an inductance of 30 mH. Whats the frequency in hertz) 80 {atthe power factor ange is 60" legging? A T2HZ 8.762 HZ ©.267HZ wol276 HZ REE ~ Sept 2008 26, The current in a series circuit of R = 10 ohms and L = 60 mH las the applied voltage by 80 degrees. What is the impedance in ohms? ara A10+)056710 WB 10+)66710 © C. 10 +8671 D. 10 +/867.1.0 AC Greate 1 Pane 213, elom MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER ee AC CIRCUITS REE ~ Sept. 2017 27 The curren in a Series circuit of R = 10 ohm and L = 60 mH lags the applied votage by 80°, What is the source frequency in HZ? 4144.3 B 1635 10 150.4 0.1746 REE - Sept. 2015 28.4 series RL circuit is connected across 2 120 v, 60 Hz source and draws a current of 0.5 A of 0.70 lagging pf. Determine the values of R and L. AR=1710,L=0.455H BO R= 168 0, L = 0.455 H B.R=1710,L=0445H O.R=1680,L=0.445H REE — Sept. 2014 / April 2017 29. The net reactance in a series RLC circuit is AX BX: ©. Ke # KX IDIX.-Xe REE ~ April 2013 $0 An inductor in series with a § pf capacitor is connected to a supply of 20 v, 796 Hz. What is the inductance needed to make the current § A leading? 0.002 H (Bl0.007 H €.0.004 H D.0.008H REE - May 2008 / Sept. 2017 31-4 coll of inductance 0.1 H and resistance of 4 ohms is connected in series with @ condenser of 70.4 ‘microfarad capacitance across a 60 Hz, 240 V line. How much current will low on the circuit? A55A WB GOA C.57.5A 0.5254 32. An impedance of 100 0 resistance and an unknown inductance is connected across the capacitor. The resulting impedance is a pure resistance of 500 0 if «= 10° rad /sec. Caloulate the values of inductor ‘and capacitor At Hf 2mH B.SutaimH C7 ura Sm 1010.04 uf & 2 mH REE ~ Sept. 2006 33. 10 ohm resistor is connected in parallel to an impedance Z = factor. A. 0.600 lagging 8.0.866 lagging —_C. 0.609 lagging 1D. 0.809 lagging REE ~ May 2009 34. A coil and resistor each have a 160 v voltage across them when connected in series to 240 v, 60 HZ ‘source. If they draw a 1 A current from the source, what is the resistance of the coil? A. 25 ohms: 8. 10. ohms C15 ohms DI20 ohms REE — October 1996 35. A capacitor is rated 100 KVAR, 380 V, 50 Hz. What will its rating be at 60 Hz, 220V2 A.50 KVAR BI 40 KVAR, C. 90.9 KVAR, D.57,7KVAR + j4 ohms. Find the circuit power 36..A 3 HP. 120 V, 60 Hz induction motor operating at 80% efficiency and 0.866 lagging power factor is to ‘be used temporarily with 240 V, 60 Hz source. What resistance in series withthe motor will be required for the motor to have 120 V across its terminals at full load? A668 4770 c.13760 D.9540, : REE ~ April 2014 37. An inductive load draws @ current of 6 A at 0.8 pl. from a 208 v, 60 HZ source. If a capacitor of 5x 10°F is connected in parallel with the load, what is the overall p2 A085 B09 Gat D.o8 Ae Cioome MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER @ a AC CIRCUITS REE ~ Sept. 2009 ( 38.4 single-phase motor is taking 30 A, from @ 220 v, 60 Hz supply, the power factor being 80% lagging. ‘What value of capacitor in microfarad connected across the circuit wll be necessary to raise the power factor to unity? A214 B 220 19.217 D.224 REE —Feb. 2014 39. Ina series RLC circuit, the impedance at resonance is A. maximum BP minimum C. infinity D. zero REE ~ Sept. 2012 ‘WHO. What capacitance must be placed in series with an inductance of 0.05 H so that at 100 Hz, the impedance becomes equal to the ohmic resistance? WM 50.7 pF B.70.7 pF C. 36.5 uF D. 87 pF REE - Sept. 2010 41.A series RLC circuit resonates at 1,000 radisec. if C = 30 microfarads and it is known that the impedance at resonance is 2.4 ohms, compute the value of Q of the crcut was B 104 C208 0.417 REE ~ Sept. 2014 42. An inductance of 20 mH is connected in parallel with a capacitance of 80 uF. What is the frequency when X= X-? A. 100 Hz. B.150Hz ©. 128.5 Hz: oDh 125.8 Hz REE Sepi. 2011 43. parallel RLC circuit has a resonant frequency of 20,000 radisec. if C is equal to 1 uF, find the value of L Wal2.5 mH 8 25mH C.0.63 mH D.63mH REE ~ Apnil 2004 44, A tuned circuit is resonant at 4 MHz. Its Q is 100. Whats its bandwidth? A.4 kHz B. 400 kHz, ©. 400 Hz Wen 40 kHz REE - Sept 2007 45. circuit has load impedance Z = 50 + j80 Q. Determine the parallel impedance required to correct the ower factor to unity, A.32 uF B. 36 uF WO 24 pF D. 28 uF REE ~ April 2007 46. An impedance Z; isin series to the two impedances Z; = 10 + j10 0 and 2, = 20 - j80 0 that are connected parallel. Whats the value of the impedance Zs in ohms that will produce resonant circuit? Aj13.4 1B 54 C84 D131 SINGLE PHASE SYSTEM ~ SUPPLEMENTARY PROBLEMS 1. A voltage wave is given by v= 100 sin314t. How long does it take this wave form to complete one- ite ee 3. Galculate the effective value of vt) = 100 sin400t + 50 sin800t + 10 cost200t V. 95 BS73V c.11225V 4 D. 121.82MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER . AC CIRCUITS ar ‘Graws a current of (3 -/8) A from a source of (100 + j37) V. Find the true power of the circuit 4 5.596 W c.300W D.296 W 5. Across a 230 V, 60 Hz power su voltage and resulting current? A, € = 398 4 sin60k, i= 216 sinéot @e = 3265 sin3771,i= 21.6 sn371 C.e= 280 sing774,= 15.3 sin37. D.e= 230 sint204 i= 15.3 sin120t ply is @ 15 ohm non-inductive resistor. What is the equation of the AA resistor and a coll are connected in series with a voltage source. If the voltage across the coll is ‘10sin(866t + 70") V and the current flowing thru the resistor is 2cos(B66t - 80°) A, what is the resistance of the coil? A.4920 @2s0 cso 0.4330 7. Tan impadancen | comecdod hn’ paaihl chins te filourg.bchddual “caret SubY SOP Bc10" 519" B20, 55% ScaDe BLO SLAOS SASS Wan he ace vale tal cuert? (ont oktion vl be Ccineed on ereaon eases Baagsa 23s 0.243804 1: sig Prtten 7; Sts 'eqivatrt pede alors th indent sore waa ion MIM wed B acasc-250 cseswera © @ranc.225°0 Using Problem 7, what is the equivalent power factor of the circuit? 0.924 8.0866 ©.0.707 0.0876 10. Using Problem 7, wat element shel be connected aoe ihe celts that he caret woud be in phase win he sures? eon @zami—c.19mH b.stmH 11. telephone circuit makes power available at a pair of terminals. The open circuit voltage across the terminals is 1 volt and the impedance looking into the terminals is 500 — j500 0. What is the maximum power that can be drawn from the circuit? ‘A.0.002W (8) 0.0005 W C.0.001W D.0.0014 W 12, The ohmic resistance of a large magnetic contactor is measured to be 20 0. A 230 Vis impressed on the contactor and the current is taken as 3.2 A. Neglecting core loss, determine the inductance ofthe contactor A261 mH @103 mH .315 mH D.251 mH 13.4 coil has a resistance of 6 ohms and an inductance of 0.02 H. When a non-inductive resistor is ‘connected in series with the coil, the current drawn when connected to a 220 V DC source is equal to the current drawn by the coll alone across a 220 V, 60 Hz source. Determine the resistance of the non- ductive resistor Osea 6.6390 c.3690 0.3960 44. A series RL circuit has L = 0.02 H and an impedance of 17.85 0. When a sinusoidal voltage is applied, the current lags the voltage by 63.5°. What isthe value of the angular frequey A. 400 radisec B.S00radisec © C. 600 rad/sec 0) 800 radisec REE ~ April 1997 15.A current of 2.5 A flows through a series circuit consisting of a 100 Q resistor and an unknown Capacitor across a source of 460 V, 50 Hz. What isthe value of the capacitive reactance? A Xe =91.86.0 BxX=39190 (C)x_= 154.450 DX. = 184.00 Accreute 1 Page 5013wo 16.4 circuit consists of a 4 resistor and 300 iF capacitor in series. it is connected across a 60 Hz { voltage source with @ §00 V peak voltage, What isjhe phasor form of the current? A.1=19.7287.5° B 1=8842732° MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER AC CIRCUITS =36.5.265.7° D.1=10.5265.7° 17. A smal single phase, 240 V induction motor is tested in parallel with 160 0 resistor, The motor takes 2 amperes and the total current is 3 amperes. What is the power of the whole cisquit? ‘A800 W B.360W c.220W 80 W 18. A capacitor is placed in paralle! wth two inductive loads, one of 20 A at 30° lagging and another of 40 ‘A at 60° lagging. What current in amperes should flow in the capacitor so that the circuit will have a Unity power factor? aaen Qua c.700 502 19.A single-phase AC generator is supplying power to a load of 3,200 W at 230 V and a power factor of 60%, If the total loss is 10% of the load, what would be the savings in watts # the power factor is raised 10 80%? Ree 8.240 caer Quo 20. When a 240 V, 50 Hz supply is applied to a parallel combination of 15 @ resistor and inductor, the total {rent is 22.1 amperes. What must be the value of the frequency for a total current of 34 amperes? 5 Hz B 60 Hz C.75Hz . 100 Hz 21.4 col of 10.0 resistance and 0.1 H inductance is connected in parallel with a capactor of unknown capactance, If the total impedance of the combination is 100 0, determine the value of the capactane> A 50 uF @100 yr ©. 150 pF D. 200 pF REE - March 1998 22. A coil of 50 0 resistance and 150 mH, inductance is connected in parallel with a 50 uF capacitor. The Source votage is 100 sin( ot + 30") V. What i tag equation of the line current? A 1.91 sin(ot +525") 81.25 sin(ot + 75.5%) ©.1.25 sin(ot -62°) D. 1:32 sinjat-75.5°) 23. An impedance equal to 4.4260° 0 is connected across a 220 V source. What should be the value of the second impedance in parallel witn the firs, ifthe total power delivered to the circuit is to be 16.5 KW and the overall power factor isto be unity? A 221280.1°0) (B)3332-409° C. $.63290°0 D. 6532-45°0 24. An inductive reactance of 8 ohms is connected in parallel with a capacttive reactance of 18 ohms. This combination is then connected in series with a variable resistance. For what value of resistance will the 25. What size of condenser must be placed across an inductance having a resistance of 10 ohms and reactance of 20 chms to draw minimum current from the line when the combination is connected across a 60-cycle ne (Assume a condenser of negigible resistance), A20uf (B) 108 ur C.10uf 0.6.33 uf 26.A circuit draws 25 A when connected across @ source of frequency f,. Determine the current drawn by the same crcutt at resonance iff is haif the reganant frequency. A125A 817688 C5358 0.504 AC Ceuts Page of udMULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER (an) AC CIRCUITS 27 A senes RLC circuit is connected across 2 120 V, 60 Hz source and draws a leading current of 5 A. Determine the voltage across the capacitor at resonance if R= § 0 and L AaTA2V B.1645V C.2366V 28, The Q-factor of a coil is given by the ratio ofits maximum energy stored to its energy dissipated per cycle its power factor C. the reciprocal ofits power factor D. the ratio ofits resistance to its inductive reactance 29. coil takes apparent power and reactive power of 100 VA and 80 VAR, respectively. What is the Q for of the coil? 1.33, B.10 cB D6 30. A coil is to be wound with Q-factor of 8. A lamp rated 120 V, 480 W is connected in series with the coil ‘and connected across 230 V, 60 Hz source. Whats the impedance of the coil i the voltage across the lamp is maintained at 120 V A 35.22829°0 Basaran E)as.szerva D. 40.5272.4° 2 31. An inductive coil having a resistance of 25 chms and inductance of 0.2 H is connected in parallel with a 100 WF capacitor. Find the frequency at which the total current taken is in phase with the supply ee wens passe Qz0sH o.szeHe 932. The series circuit of R= 3.9 and X = 4 0 and a parallel circuit of R’ and X have the same impedance nd power factor. Calculate the value of R’ and X: (Ajes30,6250 B.2250,3839 C.7470,7.510 D. 5.62.0, 9.840 33. A parallel circuit with one branch of R = 5 Q and a single unknown element in the other branch has the following applied voltage and the current © = 10cos(60t + 60°)V and | = 5.38c0s(60t - 8.23')A. The nown element is. 0.04 H B.L=0.02H C.C=10pF 0.C=5yF 34. The voltage across the resistor, inductor and capacitor connected in series is 60 V, 90 V, 10 V respectively. Whatis the voltage across this ores 100 V A 160 B.140V REE - April 1997 36, Determine the power factor angle @ in the series circuit which consist of power supply of 200 V, 30 HZ. A. 36.4" B 464" c.524" D.s0Vv REE ~ March 1997 ev of 20 + j36 {is connected across a 220 V source. Determine the power factor and the VARS, 9.6%, 1042 VARS B. 85.3%, 975 VARS 52.2%, 1023 VARS D. 42.3%, 1087 VARS 37. An reandscat amp lad, generat consired 1 be mate up of enor take 48 KW tom 20 See aaniemage ratnien obec ‘ eee eens OS esos 2 ato was 0 so was 38 A tan aa 0A 075g poe cer om a 20 suena er ee pow ac creuts + Page 713su oy MULYIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER AC CIRCUITS REE - April 2004 39, The wavelength Of international distress of frequency is 600 m. What is the equivalent frequency in iz’ A200 8.300 ©. 400 ()s00 40. The voltage across a given circuit is 75 + j50 V. What is the power supplied to the circuit if the current through itis (8 ~ 5) A? rons eee foe Goxaw REE ~ Sept. 2002 41. A resistor R and capacitor C are connected in series across a 100 V, 60 cycle source. The reading of ‘an ammeter connected in the circuit is 2 A and the reading of a voltmeter connected across the capacitor is 80 V. Calculate the values of R and, A. 660 & 30 yf B.300.8 60 uf 300.8 66 uf D. 3608 60 is 100 V. What is the total impedance expressed jn ohms if the frequency is 3 MHZ? REE - October 1994 43. A capacitor branch having a ratio of X to R of § is paralleled with an impedance consisting of 4 0 resistance and 3 0 inductive reactance. The power factor of the resulting circuit is 0.8 leading. Find the imines poe Stents ss ptm canc amet 45. The open circuit voltage of an alternator is 127 V and its intemal impedance is 1010 Q. Find the REE - October 1998 48. The maximum instantaneous voltage and current output of an atternator are 300 V and 20 A, pectively. What is the power output in watts ifthe voltage leads the current by 30°? )2598 B 5196 c.6000 . 3000 47 Te flwing data are given fora series PL and a series RC which are connected in para Are iB Ne = 28 0, Ree 15.2 For what valugf fl the cru be resonance? 15169 ohms 8 siborms (Gea onme 0.916 ohms eee eee he ee ee Peers fe pelo 149. A 30 ohm resistor is connected in parallel with an inductor of inductive reactance X:. The combination is then connected in series with a capacitor of reactance Xc, What is the value of X, and Xe if the total edance is 1.92 ohms? 84,734 8.474.473 C448, 642 0,847,947 REE ~ April 1997 50. The phase shift between jig vottage and current vectors is due to,the following loads except one. A. magnet coils Batcns flatiron C. power capacifers D. fluorescent lamp Ae Ceca Page 3MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER si AC CIRCUITS 51 ha ‘ength of ime between a point in one cycle to the same point of the next cycle of an AC wave is the A frequency @periog C. magnitude D. polarity 82. An alternating current varying sinusoidally with frequency of 50 Hz has an RMS value of 20 A. At what time measured from the postive maximum value wil the instantaneous current be 14,14 A? ‘A. 11600 sec B. 1/200 sec ivs00 sec D. 1/400 sec REE - April 2001 58. An alternating rectangular wave has a maximum value of 10 V and a frequency of 1 cycle per second What is the average value of the wave? ASV B.10V © D.707V S4aQetermine the rms value ofa semi-circular current wave which has a maximum value of a 08i8a 8.0237 a C.0.866 @ 0.0707 a 55.Find the reading of an AC voltmeter connected across the series source of 100 sin (ot -x/2) andt00sin wt REE - Sept. 2006 REE — Sept. 2002 57..A 10 0 inductive resistor is connected in series with an unknown capacitance. At 60 Hz the impedance of the circuit is 10 + j11.72. At 30 Hz the impedance of the circuit is 10 — jS. What is the value of Lin lihenrys? 60 8.500 ©. 100 D. 250 REE - March 1998 58.A 50 uf and 100 pf capacitors are connected in series and across @ 100sin (ot + 30°) voltage. Write the {quation of the current. (A)1.26 sin(ot + 120°) B. 1.26 sin(wt + 90°) C. 6.65 sinfar + 120") D. 5.65 sin(ot + 90°) 59. Two impedances Z, = 4 + j6 9 and Zs = 6 +12 Q are connected in parallel. The apparent power for ie impedance B is 1490 VA. Determine the total apparent power. (eas VA B. 3290 VA, C.2662 VA D. 8031 VA 60.Two coils A and 8 are connected in series across a240V, $0 Hz suply. The resistance of Ais 50 ard the inductance of is 0.018 HI the put trom the suppy 8 RN and 2 VAR. tnd he ipdicanoe of & and essence of 8 Ghownsssa eovisHassa comsHana —_o,ooanassa 61. A current of § A flows through a non-inductive resistance in series with a choking ooil when supplied at 250 V, 50 Haz. if the voltage across the resistance is 120 V and across the coil is 200 V, calculate the fet absorbed by the coil in watts 168.75 W 8. 137.5W. ©.51.37W 0.7531 62.A series RLC circuit consists of 20 ohms resistance, 0.2 H inductance and an unknown capacitance, What is the value of the capacitance if the circuit has a leading angle of 45° at 60 Hz? A. 35.18 HF 8.47.9 UF C.p7 8 uF D.30.7 pF Page 9at13MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER AC CIRCUITS 63. Ife = 100 sin(ot + 30°) ~ $0 cos dot +25 sin(Sut +150") andi=20 sinfo + 40") +10 sin (208+ 20°) 5 sin(S0t ~50"), Calculate the power in watts ATT a ©. 1043 D 1224 REE ~ March 1998 64. A 25.0 resistor connected in series with a coll of 60 0 resistance and 150 mH inductance. What isthe Bower factor ofthe circup A 25% (o)o0% ©. 90% 0.75% €5. A fluorescent lamp taking 80 W at 0.7 pf lagging from a 230 V 50 Hz supply is to be corrected to unity power factor. What suomi ode be placed in {or this purpose? A. series, 59.4 UF parallel, 4.95 uF C series, 31.2 uF D. parallel, 8.36 pF REE - October 1998 66. One leg of a radio tuned circuit has a capacitance of 1 10°F. It is tuned at 200 kHz. What is the luctance of the other leg in Henry? 6:33 x10 B. 20x10 ©. 825 «10% D. 120x107 REE ~ Apri! 2004 67.A series RLC circuit has a resistance of 15 0 and an inductive reactance of 1,500 0. What is the Q- factor of the circuit at respnance? A120 B)100 c.140 D. 150 REE - Sept. 2006 68.A two-element series circuit with R= 15 ohms, L = 20 mH has an impedance of 30 ohms and an unknown angle. What isthe frequency in HZ? neo Ee .2067 @ar REE - April 2004 9 Reacanees ate connected in sores) Xe, =100, Xe =40, X=, Xy =70 What is the net teacnce? non, Box cox bw0x, 70. A feeder supplies two loads, one at 50 amperes at 50% power factor, the other 150 amperes at unity factor. The total current supplied by the feeder is approximately ‘A)180 A, 8.2008 C1758 D150 71.A fluorescent lamp and its inductive ballast draw a 1.0 A current at 50% lagging power factor from a 120 V, 60 Hz source, What is the overall power factor when 2 26.5 pf capacitor is connected across the fixture? A0.832 lagging (Hoeszieading —_C. 0.5 leading D. 0.5 lagging 72.A 50 0 resistance, 20 0 inductive eactance and 25 0 capacitive reactance are connected in series across a 100 V, 60 Hz supply. What wi be fs resonant frequency? 45.726 He ®.59He €.25Hz (arr He REE ~ April 2001 73. A 5 mH pure inductance is connected in parallel with oné microfarad capacitor. What frequency will the circuit be in antiresonanes ‘A. 250 Hz '8)2260 Hz C.60Hz D. 100 Hz REE - Sept. 2009 74. A two-element series circu has voltage V = 240 + jO v and current | = 48 — 36 A, Find the current in ‘amperes which results when the resistance is "Wie to 50% of fs former value. 9 A. 46 20 + j69.20, 8-46.20 + j69.20 16.20 - 69.20 D. -46.20-j69.20 ‘AC Create + Poe tot 13sme MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER (ay) AC CIRCUITS REE ~ April 2007 15. Fd he alle On impedance which eques -f:640 vars at 230 v ms and 10 A ms =)15.00 8. 1682-)15.69 7.09 15.39 D.1762-)1478 76, The average value of the function 50 sin ot +30 sin 3at is equal to A31BA B.25A ©3820 D.51.43A _ REE ~ April 2005, 77. A circuit has resistance of20 0 and a reactance of 30 0. What is the power factor ofthe circuit? Ao (oss C.0.832 D.0.99 REE ~ Sept. 2004 %. ‘A capacitor in series wi a 200 0 resistor draws a current of 0.3 ampere from 120 volts, 60 Hz source. What is the value of capacitor in microfarad?” A87 B97 c.67 Ov REE —Nay 208 72 Find feast an mpedene which sts 2 complex poner of 2300 VA wih 220 ges arl asin iene arse @aiva o.4is0 REE ~My 2008 80. The current thru an inductor with inductance of 1 mH is given as i(t) = 0.010 sin 10° t A. What is the TDge soe hse A100sin 10°tv (Bens tory ©. 10sin t0Ftv D. 100 cos 10°tv REE - Sept. 2007 81. The capactive reactance X of @cicul varies inversely as the capactance C of the eeul If the Cavactance of certain creuts decreases by 25%, by what percentage wil i change? A25%increase ——-B 20%bincrease _C. 66! increase 3% increase REE ~ April 2007 82, What are the two elements in a sefies circuit connection having a current and voltage of = 18.42 sin( 500t - 3.4" JA and v= 150 sin( 500t + 10" v2. AR=68Qand R=630 and L = 25 mH =5Qand L = 20 mH C.R=75Qand REE - Sept. 2005 63, Which is not 180 degrees apart? Arte a! 5 Soom bose REE ~ Apri 2003 2. Wats te value of aauare wave wih an amplitude of 10 Aan requency of 1 Hz? xo (ehioa CsA Drora. 85 The ms value of a haltwave rected current is 100 A. its value for full wave rectification would be amperes Qa 8.2008 ©. 200, D.40!xA 87_A.palf wave rectified sine wave has an average value of 100 amp. What is the effective value? 57 A B44sa C.7071A7 D. 100A, pc cite + Page 1 ot 3ce MULTIVECTOR R EVIEW AND TRAI AC CIRCUITS INING CENTER (my) 8, Three alternating currents are given by pallor "eno 48 eee 90 eee 1-0) Cpe gence 143.8 sin (ut+51.4°) Brie sie D. 647 sinfot30") 89. A sinusoidal volta ie source has a peak val A Produce he sane Nese 8 Peak valu of 150 ots, What equalent OC vate source woul : or Seca leeneien | Quev REE star aie Sel tn aid oe Vendy de # Wate mone sova ovont tare et Sse aeettao ee anew aaa ae sce ease ea eters see ree cofactor panne as" asl 90. A 0.0255 8.00183H C.0.0341 H 92.A series circuit consisting of a 68.2 uf capacitor and a variable resistor. For what two values of resistance will the power taken by the circuit be 172.8 watts, i the impressed 60-cycle em is 120 = Pacasscane Q)ose none c.s308s00me — 0.69085306%me petra wee een nat Beene ci gece ones eee ee ranane es 94. The maximum values of alternating voltage and current are 400 V and 20 A, respectively, in @ circut connected to 50 Hz supply and these quantties are sinusoidal. The instantaneous values of voltage Sha current are 263 V and 10 A respectively at t = 0 both increasing positively. What is the power wana re boss cess @oees REE - October 1996 96, The resistor of 8 2 and unknown impedance coi in series draw 12 A from a 120 V, 60 He line. if the 3 power taken from the ine is 1152 watts, what is the collinductance? 8 mH and C = 2.22 microtarads. What is the ~js0.0 D. 50-1300 159mH B.10mH ©. 20mH 0.1.59 mH REE ~ April 2005 96. A senes RLC circuit has R = 10 Q, L = 40 x 10H and C = 60 x 10" F. What is the resonant frequency of the circuit ip 2? A2017 Ox c.449 D. 1.62 REE - October 2000 _ ite 97.A senes circut consists of 2 20-ohm resistance, a 150 mH inductance and an unknown capacitance, The circuit is supplied witpya voltage v = 100 sin 37 Find the value of capacitance at resonance. A.42 uF 47 uF C. 34.65 pF D.72.57 pF 26. A col having a Q-tactor of 5 is connected in series with an ideal capacitor across an ac source of 60 \ Calculate the voltage acrgss the capacitor at resonance. A150V. (Ev CAV. D.65VAC CIRCUITS 89. circuit consisting of a capactor in series with a resistance of 10 chms is connected in parallel wih a oll having a reactance and resistance of 17.32 ohms and 10 ohms, respectively. What is the ctance of the capactr that wil draw minimum current from a 230 V, 60 He supply? 17320 8 10320 c.5789 ss ) MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER (47) 0.22180 REE - Sept. 2001 100. In laboratory experiment, the impedance of a coil was obtained at 60 Hz and 30 Hz. These are 75.48, ns and 57.44 onms, respectively. What is the inductance of the coil? 50 mH 8. 1825 mH C.42.5 mH 0.24mH REE - May 2009 101. A 200 mH inductor and an 80 ohm resistor are connected in parallel across a 100 v rms, 60 HZ ‘source. By what angle does the total current lead or lag behind the voltage? Seber lening S30" eng "C820 gong QS 70" age 102. A single phase, 7.46 kW motor is supplied from a 409 V, 50 Hz AC mains. Ifits efficiency is 85% and ORE factor is 0.8 lagging, find the reactive component of the input current. BABA B 21968 C.2743A D.21A AcCucut | Page 130113