BFB1024 Fundamentals of Business and Entrepreneurship
BFB1024 Fundamentals of Business and Entrepreneurship
BFB1024 Fundamentals of Business and Entrepreneurship
TRIMESTER 1 2021/2022
Business Plan
1
BIL TABLE OF CONTENT PAGES
1. Business Overview 4-13
Description of the Business 4-5
Major demographic, economic, social and cultural Factors 5- 6
Major Players 6
Trends in the Industry 6
Government Regulations 7
The Market 7 - 11
Market Segment 7–8
Products & Services 8
Pricing and Distribution 9
Market trends 9 – 10
Implications or risk factors 10 - 11
The Competition 12 - 13
Competitors and type of competition 12
Competitors' Strengths and Weaknesses 12
Competitive advantage
3. Operating Plan 18 - 22
Business location & requirements / advantages / lease details 18 - 19
Equipment / technology / R&D / environmental aspects 19 - 22
5. Action Plan 29
Action plan & timetable 29
6. Executive Summary 30 - 31
A brief description of the project, the financing required,
and additional information that help explain the business plan
2
1. Business Overview
(Picture 1.0)
Our company by the name Cola Pola is a company founded by Manjusri and co-
founded by Emily Femandez along with Natasya Imani, Aina Afiqah Syahirah, Lim Li
Hui and Emir Basyir. Our business is a beverage company that sells a non-alcoholic
drink or more famous as colas or sodas’ that is currently based in Malaysia. We have
started operating since the 1 st of March 2022. Cola Pola is a company that focusses
on a healthier version of carbonated drinks specifically for Colas.
Our product mainly uses natural sweeteners like honey and might be adding more
ranges of natural sweeteners in the future such as stevia or maple syrup and is
absolutely caffeine free. It comes with 3 different flavours which are the Original,
Root Beer and 0 Sugar. Other than that, since 2020 the request for drinks to boost
immunity has increased globally and this has also been aspiring us to come out with
the ideas as our main infused ingredient is lemon and it is highly concentrated with
vitamin C and vitamin A. Vitamin C and vitamin A is one best immune system
3
boosters of all and in fact, a deficiency in vitamin C and vitamin A may increase your
susceptibility to illness.
Since the pandemic too, people had begun to take care of their micronutrients intake
and we are happy to be in a part of their journey. Other than that, we are also aware
of the rate of diabetic patient in Malaysia and our product promotes a guilt free range
of beverages for this reason too.
Our goal is to produce a line of beverages that could bring people together into a
healthier way of lifestyle and by creating a sustainable business that could benefit
not only humans but also the planet we live in. Our Headquarters is in Telok Mas
and Cola Pola has no physical shop as we only make sales though convenience
store and some selected petrol stations.
Our company mainly focuses on targeting and fulfilling Malaysian and basic
human needs. One of the examples are we created a product to suit the Malaysian
tropical climate which most of the days are usually hot so therefore by consuming
our Cola, Malaysians would get an instant refreshment. Malaysian really enjoys
sweet food and drinks, by producing our Cola line they would get to also fulfil their
4
needs to get to consume sugary types of drinks whenever they please. As Malaysia
is a country of diversity, Cola Pola serves a perfect kind of beverages which is
versatile for all religion and cultures based on the ingredients. The ingredients are
gluten free, dairy free and even caffeine free that could even be enjoyed by vegans
and vegetarians and people with hypersensitivity. The ingredients are also suitable
for pregnant woman but with an adequate amount of consumption.
Major Players
Major players that will contribute the most in our business would be the
customers. A business being existed mainly to satisfy the needs and wants of a
customer. To be a successful company, one must understand and meet the criteria
and the expectations of their customers. The second major players of our company
would be our workers, by having a good working surrounding and a great line of
workers we would be always a step closer to success. The next one would be our
competitors, having some competitors would help our company to learn from them in
all forms of business lesson either good or bad.
Other than that, in conjunction with the post pandemic and the alarming rate of
diabetic patients in Malaysia, we would like to play a role in contributing to reduce
the rate of diabetic patients in Malaysia that caused by the excessive intake of high
sugar level in drinks and food by producing a good form of healthy and guilt free
carbonated drink.
5
Government regulations
The Food Act 1983 ("Act") and its subsidiary laws, the most relevant of which is
the Food Regulations 1985, govern the regulation of food quality and integrity in
Malaysia ("Regulations"). The Act and the Regulations must be followed, except for
any food that is produced, processed, or packaged for export outside of Malaysia.
Cola Pola has been operating this beverage business alongside with the regulation
above as regulations are very detailed as in what can and cannot be added to foods
and in what amount. This is also to make sure that our consumers get to enjoy our
beverages without any harm other than being satisfied with our products.
THE MARKET
Market Segment
Our market segmentation will be covering the demographic, psychographic, and
geographic segmentation.
Demographic segmentation
As for demographic segmentation, the market is being divided into traits such as
age, gender, ethnicity, income, religion or even the level of education. Here in Cola
Pola, we are wanted to be as inclusive as we could by making a product that suit
most out of all demographic’s segmentation available in Malaysia. Firstly, our drinks
are both suitable for all genders and suitable in between the age 10 to 45. Malaysia
is a country full of diversity and this also means there will be some food restrictions
in some of the diverse beliefs and we have created a product gluten free, dairy free
and currently even caffeinated free unlike our other competitors. As we mentioned in
the overview, our company uses only recycled products for our packaging and this
comes to where the pricing would be lower than the other carbonated drinks in the
market, which comes to a point that all level of income household could afford to buy
these drinks.
6
Psychographic segmentation
Coca Pola customers are split into various groups according to their lifestyles,
personalities, and values in psychographic segmentation. Because people from the
same demographic group can have extremely varied psychographic profiles, Coca
Pola created products that would fit everyone’s personality. In the other word, we
could define them by their personality traits, hobbies, life goals and beliefs. Cola Pola
has been fulfilling the needs equally to all kinds of these personalities as it is a part
of fuel to the body.
Geographic segmentation
Cola Pola for now only focuses on all the 14 states in Malaysia, in the future we
would love to expand it throughout the Southeast Asia regions. Cola Pola has a
nationwide distribution network for its products however it focuses more on urban
and suburban areas than rural ones. We also distributed our Colas to convenience
stores and large supermarkets such as 99 Speed Mart, 7Eleven, KK mart, AEON,
Lotus, Mydin and some selected partnered up petrol stations. Also, we are open to
any independent mini markets to order our products in bulks too.
7
Pricing and distribution
a. For pricing, the 3 types of our Cola Pola’s have the same price but quite
different when it comes size. Each size has a difference pricing increased by
RM1. Below is the table 1.1 for the prices.
PRICE
1.50 2.50 3.50 1.50 2.50 3.50 1.50 2.50 3.50
(RM)
(Table 1.1)
b. Distribution strategy
For the distribution, as we mentioned before our product started selling by
distributing to popular convenience stores and large supermarkets such as 99 Speed
Mart, 7Eleven, Lotus, AEON and some selected petrol stations. We also did some
collaboration with popular celebrities such as a person who has TikTok fame with
highest followers and renowned Instagram influencers to promote our product
through their social platforms, this is being done to start making our product known
countrywide. We also did some promotion to encourage customers to buy our
product by doing a giveaway which is worth of RM 1000 for a minimum spend of
RM10 on any of our products in a same receipt. Lucky winners will be getting the
giveaway and it has significantly made a good impact for our business.
Market trends
Carbonated drinks have been in the beverage industry since 1767 worldwide and
been going successfully in all countries. Consumption has the versatility to be
consumed whenever daily. Trends for the market of a carbonated beverages does
not have any changes annually as the needs of it in Malaysia has been constant.
There are times when our government impose sugar tax on sweet-sweetened
beverages just to combat the rise of obesity back in 2019 but has been claimed by
the experts as less than optimistic than its efficacy.
8
As in for these days, prior to the pandemic that lasted more than a year, the needs of
consumption of a good immunity booster have been increasing as to boost our
immunity system level to be stronger and less inclined to catch any kind of flu and
mild sickness. Our product has been promoting the good amount of Vitamin C and
Vitamin A as one of the best immunity boosters as our main ingredients. In
conjunction to the post pandemic market trends, I think Cola Pola is playing a role of
good part in promoting the society to a healthier lifestyle.
Then, the implications of the risk factors of a beverage industry are people tend to
consume more than what they should and need for their daily calorie intake which
includes even their macronutrients. No matter how healthy a drink company claims
their product to be it does not necessarily mean that it is okay to be consumed more
than what a body needs.
This eventually leads to an implication which has been happening often which is the
high rate of diabetic patient in Malaysia. Our product as being claimed several times
that our sweeteners are 100% natural and non-artificial and packed with great
vitamin C and Vitamin A could help to reduce the rate of these patients if being drank
not too much and eventually will reduce their intake for other high concentrated
sugars carbonated drinks out there.
Below are figure 1.2 and 1.3 showing the rate of diabetic patients in Malaysia
9
Figure 1.2 The reading of diabetes patient in Malaysia.
THE COMPETITION
10
The type of competition we are facing are the pricing differences, our product
offerings, cost structure and the distribution network. First off, I will start with the
pricing differences as Coca Cola main starting price is from RM 1.85 while Cola
Pola’s starting price is RM 1.50. It has a major difference in pricing as our product
uses a range of recycled resources as the main material of the cans and bottles.
This also covered our cost structure on how our prices and the material process
related. Other than that, the type of competition that we will face would be the
distribution network. This is because almost all our competitors and us as well
shares the same kind of competition which is through convenience store and petrol
stations. Cola Pola has just begun to distribute through only the convenience store
as it is way easier to market our products.
Competitive advantage
To provide goods or services that’s better and more affordable than our competitors,
we must have a competitive advantage. The advantages Cola Pola has over our
competitors are through cost structure, product offerings, distribution networks and
customer support. Firstly, as for cost structure, as we mentioned above the cost
structure in making the packaging has significantly reduced compared to a normal
carbonated drinks packaging. This is because, all our materials are made using
recyclable resources and that what makes it cheaper and more sustainable too. Next
as for the product offering, Cola Pola is a brand that promotes a healthy form of cola,
where the main ingredient is lemon which contains a high amount of Vitamin C that
11
acts as a good immunity booster for our body. We offer a product that could quench
people’s thirst and help in staying healthy by getting and additional needs of their
daily micronutrients specifically for Vitamin C and Vitamin A.
Customer
Cola Pola targets consumers from the age of 10 to 55 years old. Consumers are
based in Malaysia as our services are based in Malaysia only. As this is a startup
business, Cola Pola is focusing the business on Malaysia. In future to come, Cola
Pola will expand its business international in the future. We chose to focus on these
people that are from 10 to 55 years old because this customer group is the biggest
percentage in Malaysia. These consumers are also the main customer group for
other businesses.
As our product is focused on the healthier version of carbohydrate drinks, Cola Pola
does believe that the product would be one of the top choices for consumers. Not
only because it focuses on health, but Cola Pola also focuses on setting affordable
prices for our product. This will attract the consumers to give the product a try.
As for the healthy part, as mentioned before back in the overview we are targeting
customers that wanted and additional boost for their immune system as our product
contains vitamin C from lemon that is one of be best immune boosters of all.
Cola Pola will be conducting customers' preferences research. This research will
focus on identifying potential new beverage flavors and incorporating different
healthy ingredients.
Supplier
There are 3 main suppliers for our company. One of the main suppliers is Thanam
Industry Sdn.Bhd. Thanam Industry is a scrap and recycling specialist in Kuala
Lumpur. Honey Hearts would supply raw honey and Air Products will supply
gasification for Cola Pola’s beverages.
Thanam Industry will be supplying recycled aluminum and plastic bottles to Cola
Pola’s manufacturing. Thanam Industry specializes in scrap and recycling material.
Cola Pola’s product will be packed in raw materials that can be recycled and reused.
12
Thanam Industry will provide aluminium sheets, and Cola Pola manufacturing team
will use the sheets to produce our beverage cans.
Honey Hearts supplies raw honey to Cola Pola. It specializes in providing wild jungle
honey for improving our quality way of life. As Cola Pola’s beverage is focused on
healthy ingredients, raw material honey is important to the beverage.
Air Products will supply gasification in Cola Pola’s beverages. As Cola Pola’s
beverage has gas elements in it, Air Products would be a suitable supplier to provide
this service.
Advertising
Advertisement is important to increase sales, and now electronic marketing has been
more popular and effective in increasing our sales. Our strategic marketing is to
advertise through social platform, such as Facebook, and Instagram Ads. Through
these social platforms, our sales could be increased in a shorter time. This is due to
the high usage of users countrywide in social media as the technology is widely used
and super common these days. Other than that, by advertising through the internet’s
search engines pop-up ads and be shared through webs paid ads too.
Other than that, we also advertise through sponsorships and special events too.
Cola Pola sponsored some NGO’s charity events by collaborating with them to feed
the homeless people in Malaysia by sponsoring a huge amount for our drinks. It’s
like shooting two birds with a stone where we get to help the ones in need and be
giving a positive impact towards the society and would attract more customers to
consume our product.
Malaysia, especially in the cities are filled with billboards in promoting and
advertising all kinds of products from clothing, food to even services like insurances
and real estate. Cola Pola has been using outdoor advertising too. One of the
advantages are it’s also a way to a high exposure to the society too. Billboards are
also having a super broad reach which the whole entire city would be witnessing it
and tends to give it a try.
In addition to this, we are also relying on the word-of-mouth from friends and family
as one of our advertising media. Customers plays a major role in promoting our
13
products to their cliques and circles as they tend to be the best judges in suggesting
a good product that satisfies their needs.
Promotion
Promotion is a means to attract customers to buy the product. This is because now
customer very shrewd to save their costs. They will compare the price and take the
cheaper one. So, if have the promotion they will calculate and finally take the
cheapest and cost-effective one. Certainly, customer will take the cheapest and good
quantity, if the quantity less and cheaper but can’t run out the product in short-term,
customer also would not choose to buy the product.
This is the promotion table for the product. The promotion prices are according to the
size of the product. The promotion price for 300ml cans is 3 cans for price RM4 and
for 5 cans is for price RM 7. If the customer buying in bulk is considered expensive, a
can price is RM1.50, with the promotion price consumer can enjoy the same product
at a cheaper price. So, the final decision is according to the customer's needs.
For a size of 500ml in bottled, the bulk’s price is RM2.50. The promotion to this size
is when you buy three bottle you just need to pay only at RM 7 and if consumer buy
five bottles, they just need to pay RM12. It is worth enough to consumer to purchase
our product.
And the last size, 1L big bottle, a bottle is RM3.50. The promotion price for it is buy
three for RM10 and if you buy 5, you just need to pay RM17 only.
Besides the promotions stated above, our company also holds a lucky draw for the
buyers. The rules are as follow the instruction on the product, we will state the step
on the product. Step 1 is needed to buy our product and snap the picture of the
14
receipt and send it to the WhatsApp number, which is stated on back of our product,
the receipt at least exceeds RM1 RM10 in receipt, cannot be separate from other
receipts’ 2 is needed to wait for our staff to process it, customers only need to
patiently, and the result will open on the lottery date, every 15 th month. This lucky
draw is for every month, which consists of fifty prizes, can open out RM5 to RM 100
cash coupon, the total value is RM1000, which can buy our company product only. It
is a giving back to customers for gratefully supporting us.
The price for the product is after careful consideration. Because our company need
to be profitable, after deducting the raw material cost, labor cost, basic operating fee,
and other cost, after average the price to be set as same with the table below.
We have 3 different flavors of product which is original taste, root beer taste and the
0-sugar taste. And our company pricing them with the same price and same size.
For the 300ml canned size, RM1.50 for a unit. For the 500ml bottled size, RM2.50 for
a unit. Next for the 1L big, bottled size, RM3.50 for a unit.
Distribution
Our main distribution are the local large supermarkets, convenience stores and
some selected petrol stations. Supermarkets examples are AEON, Lotus, and Mydin
while the examples of the convenience stores are 7 Eleven, KK Mart, and 99 Speed
mart.
15
Back then, we also did some promotion and giveaway that was worth RM 1000 for a
minimum spend of RM 10 on any of our products in the same receipt. The chosen
winners were chosen randomly. This campaign lucky dray has given a good impact
as well to our business as people were so encouraged to buy to get a chance to win.
Coca Pola welcomes information and feedback from our customers which will enable
Coca Pola to improve the quality of product provided. Please refer to customer
service for any enquires details below for further information can be used to contact
the customer service department of Coca Pola:
Coca Pola provides the live chat and hotline, our customer service department for
any enquires and questions. Customer may contact our customer service
department. For hotline service no charges needed. Live chat is available every day
from 7am to 12am and hotline is available from 8am to 7pm.
Coca Pola also provides email service with our customer service agent will assist
you on any enquires and question for those who is prefer typing email instead of call
service. Our team will reply to you as soon as possible, you will receive a reply within
24 hours.
a) Location
Figure 1.4 and 1.5 shows the location of cola pola company.
Advantages:
Lease details:
Our firm would pay RM8,825.00 per month for rent. There’s leasehold for 99-year, so
it will end in 2093.
17
We require people that understand how to develop an organisation into a profitable
business, hence we require:
1) The Supervisor
2) Operators
3) Clerk
4) Technicians
So, we really opted to establish our firm in Malacca because it seemed simpler for
recruit skilled individuals there.
Equipment:
Our Firm lays forward this equipment that licensees must utilise to do these tasks.
Workers conducts periodic pretty point examinations so guarantee all processes
were upholding our Firm's requirements over hygiene as well as quality, while test
samples were also frequently collected as well for chemical analysis. Our Company
would give the far more current technologies along with various franchisees, several
of whom make use of cutting-edge computer systems including statistical process
control techniques. Putting trash in cans through a quick loading procedure, every
container as well as the completed beverage get mixed.
Hundreds of cans and bottles were loaded exactly one exact quantity of Coca
Pola per minute while they move thru all an automated manufacturing line. Those
bottles and cans are seamed to create the final can but instead the seal release end
as it progresses down the assembly line. As ensure there are no holes or leaks, both
ends are examined to ensure they are smooth. Every has a unique code that allows
it to be tracked back to the location and time of manufacturing. Goods authenticity is
guaranteed by a date code. Cans and bottles now resemble one's people would see
in stores. Ensuring that quality of its products. Controlled release manufacturing is a
group of procedures used in the output of Coca Pola.
Technology:
Through cutting-edge initiatives like sip & scan, which allows customers to unlock
experiences and rewards including using the smart devices to browse symbols more
on Coca Pola packaging, Coca Pola is utilising digital technology for generate fresh
18
purchaser practices. Although everything just was currently throughout everything
their infancy, that must have proven quite beneficial for us and that us and offers
people chance for interact directly know the firm thru a digital journey connected to a
real product.
Coca Pola added its latest version of the first our revolutionary “Coca Pola
Freedom flow distributor” features wirelessly, letting consumers utilizing the
Freestyle smartphone device access wait in line personalised blends, nutrition facts,
and other features when they enter our site.
R&D:
This is the main reason we made a healthier drink which can boost up the immune
system. Our Coca Pola not only for youngsters, but it is also for older people
because its 100% using natural sweeteners and for older people they can take the
zero sugar. There’s a reason for the caffeine free, it is because to make people
hypersensitivity to enjoy the beverages. Since the pandemic outbreak due to
concerns about their immune system there’s 38 percent of Malaysian consumers
who drink our Cola Pola. This is how demand for our Cola Pola has increased which
is highlighted our every concern of people’s immune system.
Environmental aspect:
Based on our business view plan, we make a good use recycled products in
environment aspect like go green club. Cola Pola is used 100% recycled plastics and
aluminium which can cut cost of raw materials. More than this will interacted with the
nature resources and avoids jeopardizing accessibility for the upcoming generation
needs.
We’re trying hard to improve the balance of bottles that made from recycled
materials. It is because we trying to build or grow up a world without waste. We are
19
super keen in helping the country to recycle recyclable resources. As our firm
decides to constantly of 3 months make an environmental campaign.
In our country, everyone has been working with reform check Malaysia and Malaysia
nature society to make raise awareness about waste management issue and marine
debris which drive behavioural change. We proudly say that we are in working with
them. To avoid waste in our country we should start to love our environment and
support “Go Green” which makes everyone’s lives in healthy lifestyle. Below are the
figure 1.6, and 1.7 shows the recycled aluminium sheet taken from thanam to
produced.
Figure 1.7 shows recycled aluminium sheet taken from thanam to produced.
20
21
Human Resource Plan
Key Employees
Manjusri
22
Pola’s CEO will be the prime mover behind the company and she will try her best to
put the resources together and make it happen, to support the company.
Co- Founder 1
Emily Fernandez
Co- Founder 2
Natasya Imani
23
Emir Basyir
Li Hui
24
Employee 1 / Logistics Supervisor
Work Experience: Ms Leong has 4 years of experience in the logistics and supply
chain sector in a multinational company. However, she decided to pursue her career
in a new start-up business which is Cola Pola.
Job Scope: Ms Leong oversees the supply chain in Cola Pola. Ms Leong also will
need make sure everything is efficient and effective throughout the whole logistics
process.
Work Experience: Ms Chong joined Cola Pola as a fresh graduate. Even though,
she just graduates, Ms Chong is very skilful and creative in designing logos, and
packaging designs.
Job Scope: Ms Chong is responsible for coming up with new packaging designs
and content creation on social media such as Instagram and TikTok.
25
Policies and Procedures
We, Cola Pola, place a high value on our employees' benefits and compensation of
our employees. For that reason, the Human Resources Department has put together
several benefits and compensation policies to improve the employee's productivity in
carrying out individual and team tasks. The Human Resource Department also aims
to enhance employee's morale and to express an appreciation and
acknowledgement for their dedicated hard work.
26
Decision Making Authority
In this current situation, Cola Pola will expand its business soon. By expanding the
business, Cola Pola is expected to expand its management team capacity. Within 3
years, new beverages will be released, and it will be launched in all 14 states
including convenience stores. Consumers would have a variety of choices to choose
from.
Cola Pola is also coming up with new collaborations with local key influencers such
as So I’m Jenn, Maggy Wang, and Cupcake Aisyah. Collaborating with these
talented people will allow Cola Pola to reach out to more consumers as they have a
big presence on social media in social media world.
As of now, Cola Pola has 7 key employees which are our food technologist, food
safety inspector, marketing specialist, managerial accountant and human resources
manager, logistics supervisor. Each of these employees has their own respective
tasks and responsibilities. Cola Pola has been running for 6 months and having 7
key employees are sufficient to run the business. Soon, Cola Pola will increase the
company’s workforce with 4 more employees to help the business run. The 4
employees that the company needs would be someone will oversee the overall
production of the beverage, someone who oversees quality control, someone who
oversee the packaging process, and someone who oversees the distribution of
products to the market.
27
Action Plan
Gantt Chart - Coca Pola 2021
Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
Business planning
Developing business
Business plan proposal
Budget proposal
Risk analysis
Presentation
Business registration
Research
Conduct survey
Analysis data from
survey
Research market
Management
Hiring employees
Training staff
Select team
Team kick-off meeting
Searching & renting
warehouse
Operations
System construction
Installation &
introduction the system
Testing & QA
Purchasing equipment
System maintenance
Marketing
Developing marketing
idea
Plan marketing strategy
Marketing budget
28
Executive Summary
Our main objectives are to satisfy our customer by providing healthy carbonated
drinks by using natural sweeteners. Our products offering affordable prices
compared to other competitors. We want to expand our business so that people will
know about our product.
Our company name is Coca Pola, and our business location is in Kawasan
Perindustrian Taman Seri Emas, Pernu, Telok Mas.
- Each of us will invest RM150,000 to start the business and which the total is
RM 900,000.00.
- Our planning is to make our product is because many Malaysians have health
problems such as diabetes, we are also aware to reduce the rate of diabetics
in Malaysia. Our product that contains natural sweeteners can help people to
control their sugar level.
Our Goals
- To expand our business into big market like Lotus, speedmart and 7-eleven
- Advertising and use media social such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram to
promote our product and attract more customer to try our products.
- Launching our new flavours for carbonated drinks.
- To grow our business.
29
About Product
30
Appendix: Financial Plan
2021 Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb-
21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21
Sales RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM
25,000 25,000 25,500 25,000 30,000 32,000 33,000 37,000 42,000 38,000 40,000 45,000
Total RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM
25,000 25,000 25,500 25,500 30,000 32,000 33,000 37,000 42,000 38,000 40,000 45,000
Direct RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM
Cost of 13,000 12,000 12,000 12,500 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 14,000 14,000 17,000 18,000
Sales
Total RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM
13,000 12,000 12,000 12,500 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 14,000 14,000 17,000 18,000
2022 Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb-
22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22
Sales RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM
42,000 43,000 43,500 54,000 52,000 53,000 55,000 55,500 57,000 56,000 50,000 58,500
Total RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM
42,000 43,000 43,500 54,000 52,000 53,000 55,000 55,500 57,000 56,000 50,000 58,500
Direct RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM
Cost of 18,000 18,000 19,000 19,000 19,000 19,000 20,000 25,500 25,000 25,000 25,500 27,500
Sales
Total RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM
18,000 18,000 19,000 19,000 19,000 19,000 20,000 25,500 25,000 25,000 25,500 27,500
0
2023 Marc- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb-
23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23
Sales RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM
70,000 72,000 72,000 74,000 74,500 75,000 77,000 79,000 82,000 85,000 90,000 96,000
Total RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM
70,000 72,000 72,000 74,000 74,500 75,000 77,000 79,000 82,000 85,000 90,000 96,000
Direct RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM
Cost of 28,000 28,000 29,000 29,000 29,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 32,000 32,500 33,000
Sales
Total RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM RM
28,000 28,000 29,000 29,000 29,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 32,000 32,500 33,000
31
Income Statement
2021 2022 2023
Sales 379,000 629,500 946,500
(-) Direct Cost of Sales 164,000 260,500 360,500
Gross Margin 215,000 369,000 586,000
Gross Margin % 56.72% 58.61% 61.91%
Less: Expenditure
Salaries & Wages 80,000 85,000 90,000
Rent Expense 5,000 5,000 5,000
Lease Expense 1,050 1,050 1,050
Marketing Expense 3,000 3,000 3,000
Utility Expense 2,500 2,500 2,500
License and Permit 4,000 4,000 4,000
Depreciation Expense 1,500 1,600 1,900
Insurance 3,000 4,000 4,000
Total Operating Expenses 100,050 106,150 111,450
Operating Income
Tax Incurred (17%) 19,541.50 44,684.50 80,673.50
Net Profit 95,402.50 218,165.50 393,876.50
Net Profit% 25.17 34.64 38.44
32
Balance Sheet
Year 2021 2022 2023
(Historical)
RM RM RM
Current Assets
Cash 150,000 300,000 500,000
Inventory 7,000 15,000 27,000
Bank 255,000 450,000 900,000
Account Receivable 1,000 1,500 3,000
Total Current Assets 413,000 766,500 1,430,000
Non-Current Assets
Office Equipment 5,000 5,050 10,000
(-) Accumulated Depreciation of (900) (910) (2,000)
Office Equipment
Furniture and Fixture 1,100 1,200 3,000
(-) Accumulated Depreciation of (350) (400) (700)
Furniture and Fixture
Total Non-Current Assets 4,850 4,940 10,300
Total Assets 417,850 771,440 1,440,300
Liabilities
Current Liabilities
Account Payable 500 500 1,000
Non-Current Liabilities - - -
Total Liabilities 500 500 1,000
Owner’s Equity
Capital 900,000 900,000 900,000
Retained Earning 500,000 550,000 700,000
Total Owner’s Equity 1,400,000 1,450,000 1,600,000
33
Cash Flow Statement
2021 2022 2023
Operating
Activities
Net Profit Before 114,950 262,850 474,550
Tax
Depreciation 1,500 1,600 1,900
Change in Account 1,000 500 1,500
Receivable
Change in Account (500) (0) (500)
Payable
Change in (7,000) (8,000) (12,000)
Inventory
Net Cash from 109,950 256,950 465,450
Operations
Investing and
Finance
Activities
Purchase of 5,000 5,050 10,000
Equipment
Purchase of 1,100 1,200 3,000
Furniture and
Fixture
Net Cash Used in (6,100) (6,250) (13,000)
Investing and
Finance
Activities
34
References links
1. https://resourcehub.bakermckenzie.com/en/resources/asia-pacific-food-
law-guide/asia-pacific/malaysia/topics/food-product-and-safety-
regulation
2. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2022/03/778625/can-malaysia-
achieve-40-cent-recycling-rate-2025
3. https://www.yieldify.com/blog/types-of-market-segmentation/
4. https://www.ijbmi.org/papers/Vol(7)4/Version-2/I0704027780.pdf
5. https://kajidata.com/will-soda-tax-combat-the-ever-growing-diabetic-
patients-in-malaysia/
35
Group member’s declaration
(Each group member, including the group leader, must individually fill up and submit this form, in the
student’s own handwriting. This form is to be inserted in the final submission.)
I hereby declare that I have assessed the final submission and I take full responsibility
should there be any inaccuracies, incompleteness, omissions, delays, or non-submission.
36
Group member’s declaration
(Each group member, including the group leader, must individually fill up and submit this form, in the
student’s own handwriting. This form is to be inserted in the final submission.)
I hereby declare that I have assessed the final submission and I take full responsibility
should there be any inaccuracies, incompleteness, omissions, delays or non-submission.
37
Group member’s declaration
(Each group member, including the group leader, must individually fill up and submit this form, in the
student’s own handwriting. This form is to be inserted in the final submission.)
I hereby declare that I have assessed the final submission and I take full responsibility
should there be any inaccuracies, incompleteness, omissions, delays or non-submission.
We helped each other a lot for the assignments by correcting some errors together. For the
presentation, I will be presenting the Business Model Canvas part Customer Relationship.
38
Group member’s declaration
(Each group member, including the group leader, must individually fill up and submit this form, in the
student’s own handwriting. This form is to be inserted in the final submission.)
I hereby declare that I have assessed the final submission and I take full responsibility
should there be any inaccuracies, incompleteness, omissions, delays or non-submission.
39
Group member’s declaration
(Each group member, including the group leader, must individually fill up and submit this form, in the
student’s own handwriting. This form is to be inserted in the final submission.)
I hereby declare that I have assessed the final submission and I take full responsibility
should there be any inaccuracies, incompleteness, omissions, delays or non-submission.
40
Group member’s declaration
(Each group member, including the group leader, must individually fill up and submit this form, in the
student’s own handwriting. This form is to be inserted in the final submission.)
I hereby declare that I have assessed the final submission and I take full responsibility
should there be any inaccuracies, incompleteness, omissions, delays or non-submission.
41