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    Needle Stick Injuries in Health Workers

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    IJAR JOURNAL
    Needlesticks are a common occurrence in the health care profession. It is estimated that 600 000 to 800 000 needlestick injuries occur per year in the United States. Of these, many, if not most, go unreported. In response to the risk of exposure, institutions have focused on primary prevention as a means of reducing the incidence of needlesticks and thereby decreasing the number of bloodborne pathogen transmissions. Needlestick injuries still occur, however, and it is important that individuals

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    Needle Stick Injuries in Health Workers

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    IJAR JOURNAL
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    Needlesticks are a common occurrence in the health care profession. It is estimated that 600 000 to 800 000 needlestick injuries occur per year in the United States. Of these, many, if not most, go unreported. In response to the risk of exposure, institutions have focused on primary prevention as a means of reducing the incidence of needlesticks and thereby decreasing the number of bloodborne pathogen transmissions. Needlestick injuries still occur, however, and it is important that individuals

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    NEEDLE STICK INJURIES IN HEALTH WORKERS

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    Needlesticks are a common occurrence in the health care profession. It is estimated that 600 000 to 800 000 needlestick injuries occur per year in the United States. Of these, many, if not most, go unreported. In response to the risk of exposure, institutions have focused on primary prevention as a means of reducing the incidence of needlesticks and thereby decreasing the number of bloodborne pathogen transmissions. Needlestick injuries still occur, however, and it is important that individuals

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    69 views3 pages

    Needle Stick Injuries in Health Workers

    Uploaded by

    IJAR JOURNAL
    Needlesticks are a common occurrence in the health care profession. It is estimated that 600 000 to 800 000 needlestick injuries occur per year in the United States. Of these, many, if not most, go unreported. In response to the risk of exposure, institutions have focused on primary prevention as a means of reducing the incidence of needlesticks and thereby decreasing the number of bloodborne pathogen transmissions. Needlestick injuries still occur, however, and it is important that individuals

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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res.

    11(03), 548-550

    Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com

    Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/16460


    DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/16460

    RESEARCH ARTICLE
    NEEDLE STICK INJURIES IN HEALTH WORKERS

    Prof (Dr.) Anu Gauba


    ……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
    Manuscript Info Abstract
    ……………………. ………………………………………………………………
    Manuscript History Needlesticks are a common occurrence in the health care profession. It
    Received: 19 January 2023 is estimated that 600 000 to 800 000 needlestick injuries occur per year
    Final Accepted: 24 February 2023 in the United States. Of these, many, if not most, go unreported. In
    Published: March 2023 response to the risk of exposure, institutions have focused on primary
    prevention as a means of reducing the incidence of needlesticks and
    Key words:-
    Needle Stick, Health Workers thereby decreasing the number of bloodborne pathogen transmissions.
    Needlestick injuries still occur, however, and it is important that
    individuals in the health care field become well informed about the
    exposure risks and educated regarding the appropriate response.

    Copy Right, IJAR, 2023,. All rights reserved.

    ……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
    Introduction:-
    Needlestick injuries (NSIs) are a common occupational hazard with potential physical health effects, including viral
    infections such as hepatitis and HIV. Less appreciated are the psychiatric consequences of NSIs, potentially
    including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adjustment disorder (AD). Hypodermic injections using
    disposable syringes and needles are the most frequent cause of NSIs.

    These injuries are a major source of infections with blood-borne diseases like Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C
    Virus (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).1 The risk of transmission of this infection after exposure
    to percutaneous injuries with infected blood is 2–40% for HBV, 2.7–10% for HCV, and 0.3% for HIV.2
    Additionally, studies show an influence on the mental health of the injured HCWs. Anxiety, depression, and worry
    about being infected or transmitting the infection to their family affected their quality of life. 3

    Risk Associated With Exposure


    Table No 1:- Figures(%) based on occupational exposure.
    Blood Borne Virus Estimated Incidence in Risk Of Transmission Calculated
    WA IV Drug Users* with A Needlestick# Maximal Risk of
    Transmission✩

    HIV 1.1 - 1.6% 0.3% 0 - 0.0048%


    Hepatitis B 1.8% 30% 0 - 0.54%
    Hepatitis C 55 - 58% 3% 0 - 1.74%

    Corresponding Author:- Prof (Dr.) Anu Gauba

    548
    ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 11(03), 548-550

    Psychological Effects
    The psychological effects of occupational needlestick injuries can include health anxiety, anxiety about disclosure or
    transmission to a sexual partner, trauma-related emotions, and depression. These effects can cause self-destructive
    behaviour or functional impairment in relationships and daily life. This is not mitigated by knowledge about disease
    transmission or post-exposure prophylaxis. Though some affected people have worsened anxiety during repeated
    testing, anxiety and other psychological effects typically abate after testing is complete. A minority of people
    affected by needlestick injuries may have lasting psychological effects, including post-traumatic stress disorder.4

    Needle-stick incidents are associated with a number of different job factors, including heavy workload, working in
    surgical or intensive care units, insufficient work experience, and young age 5. Unfortunately, most previous studies
    concerning the relationship between psychosocial working conditions and sharp injury have primarily treated sharp
    injury as a stressor of psychosocial conditions at work, while neglecting the influence of stressful condition on the
    high incidence of sharp injury at work. Furthermore, few studies have addressed psychosocial working conditions as
    a factor in sharp injury.

    Gholami’s study shows that the number of shifts a healthcare worker works per month, which is typically a kind of
    risk psychosocial condition, was found to be significantly associated with occurrence of needle-stick and sharps
    injuries.6 Yonezawa also posits that working at night might significantly increase the risk of sharp injury among
    doctors using used general anaesthesia. Factors such as working in a highly stressful industry, long working hours,
    increasing administrative workload, broader responsibilities, irregular rhythms of life, verbal and physical abuse by
    patients, to name a few, characterize the psychosocial working conditions of healthcare workers and risk their
    psychological health.7

    Studies have shown that levels of dissatisfaction, work stress, and burnout at work are high among healthcare
    workers and may even be higher than workers of other occupations. 8 Thus, discovering the role of stressful working
    conditions in the development of sharp injury at work is essential in occupational health studies of healthcare
    workers. Long-term exposure of stressful working conditions may result in fatigue, sleep disorders, burnout, anxiety,
    among others, and will further lead to impaired satisfaction, poor performance, and attention-deficit, which are
    important predictors of safety behaviour and negative events at work.

    Therefore, this study explores the relationship between stressful working conditions and needle-stick injury to detect
    any direct or indirect correlation between them, in order to provide scientific evidence on strategies for the
    prevention of workplace injury.

    Figure No 1:- Frequency Of Needle Stick Injury.

    549
    ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 11(03), 548-550

    Conclusion:-
    Needle stick injury and its under reporting among healthcare professionals is still a prevalent risk. Raising awareness
    among healthcare workers and improving the reporting systems for needle stick injuries to ensure more protection
    and early use of post-exposure prophylaxis is required. Implementation of safety precautions and safe injection
    practices and providing engineered safety devices may further reduce the risk.

    References:-
    1. Prüss-Üstün A, Rapiti E, Hutin YJF. (2003). Sharps Injuries: Global Burden of Disease From Sharps Injuries to
    Health-Care Workers. Available online at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42743 (accessed January 15,
    2022).
    2. Wilburn SQ, Eijkemans G. Preventing needlestick injuries among healthcare workers: a WHO-ICN
    collaboration. Int J Occup Environ Health. (2004) 10:451–6. doi: 10.1179/oeh.2004.10.4.451
    3. Gupta A, Anand S, Sastry J, Krisagar A, Basavaraj A, Bhat SM, et al. High risk for occupational exposure to
    HIV and utilization of post-exposure prophylaxis in a teaching hospital in Pune, India. BMC Infect Dis. (2008)
    8:142. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-8-142
    4. Wald, J (2009). "The psychological consequences of occupational blood and body fluid exposure
    injuries". Disability & Rehabilitation. 31 (23): 1963–69. doi:10.1080/09638280902874147
    5. Ilhan M, Durukan EE, Turkcuoglu S, et al. Long working hours increase the risk of sharp and needlestick injury
    in nurses: the need for new policy implication. J Adv Nurs. 2006;56(5):563–8.
    6. Gholami A, Borji A, Lotfabadi P, et al. Risk factors of Needlestick and sharps injuries among healthcare
    workers. Int J Hosp Res. 2013;2(1):31–8.
    7. Walle L, Abebe E, Tsegaye M, et al. Factors associated with needle stick and sharp injuries among healthcare
    workers in Felege Hiwot referral hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia: facility based cross-sectional survey.
    Int J Infect Control. 2013;9(4):171–2.
    8. Yonezawa Y, Yahara K, Miura M, et al. Risk factors for and circumstances of needlestick and sharps injuries of
    doctors in operating rooms: a study focusing on surgeries using general anesthesia at Kurume University
    hospital. Jpn J Infect Chemother. 2015;21(12):837–41.

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