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    ETHICS Chapter-2-The-Moral-Agent

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    Ton Ton
    A moral agent is defined as an entity capable of performing moral actions that can be judged as good or evil. To be a moral agent, one must have the capacity to understand and follow moral laws through rational thought and choice, rising above passions and feelings to act in accordance with moral duty. A key characteristic of human moral agency is that we are purpose-driven beings who direct our actions towards goals and ends, with our highest purpose being spiritual perfection and union with God.

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    ETHICS Chapter-2-The-Moral-Agent

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    Ton Ton
    151 views17 pages
    A moral agent is defined as an entity capable of performing moral actions that can be judged as good or evil. To be a moral agent, one must have the capacity to understand and follow moral laws through rational thought and choice, rising above passions and feelings to act in accordance with moral duty. A key characteristic of human moral agency is that we are purpose-driven beings who direct our actions towards goals and ends, with our highest purpose being spiritual perfection and union with God.

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    A moral agent is defined as an entity capable of performing moral actions that can be judged as good or evil. To be a moral agent, one must have the capacity to understand and follow moral laws through rational thought and choice, rising above passions and feelings to act in accordance with moral duty. A key characteristic of human moral agency is that we are purpose-driven beings who direct our actions towards goals and ends, with our highest purpose being spiritual perfection and union with God.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    151 views17 pages

    ETHICS Chapter-2-The-Moral-Agent

    Uploaded by

    Ton Ton
    A moral agent is defined as an entity capable of performing moral actions that can be judged as good or evil. To be a moral agent, one must have the capacity to understand and follow moral laws through rational thought and choice, rising above passions and feelings to act in accordance with moral duty. A key characteristic of human moral agency is that we are purpose-driven beings who direct our actions towards goals and ends, with our highest purpose being spiritual perfection and union with God.

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    of 17

    Chapter 2:

    The Moral Agent

    Lesson 1:
    Man As A Moral
    Agent
    * To explain
    LEARNING
    what moral
    OUTCOMES:
    agent means

    *To discuss
    the meaning
    of
    fundamental
    option
    After learning the basic consept of morality and
    ethics,let us now turn our attention to the in moral
    agent who is expected to develop in moral and ethical
    character.
    ACTIVITY

    1. Can a dog be a moral agent? Why or why not?


    2. Can a robot be a moral agent? Why or Why
    not?
    ANALYSIS

    1. Why can't a dog and a robot be a moral agent?


    2. What must a moral agent have for him/her to
    be a moral agent?
    The Human Person as a Moral Agent
    Moral comes from the Latin word "mores"
    -referring to society's patterns, standards, rules of
    doing.
    Agent comes from Latin word "agere"
    - to do, act.
    A moral agent is one who performs an act in accordance
    with moral standards.
    A moral agent is the moral actor, one who acts
    morally.
    A moral agent is a being who is
    capable of those actions that have
    moral quality and which can be
    properly denominated good or evil in
    moral sense.
    Edward (1754)
    - Only a moral agent is capable of human acts.
    That's why "morality is for person"
    Haring ( 1971)

    -Human acts are "those of which a man is a master, which he


    has the power of doing or not doing as he pleases" or "those
    acts which proceed from man as a rational being"
    (Edward, 1754)
    What is a sufficient condition for moral agent?
    -it will suffice if the agent has the capacity to conform to some of
    the external requirements of morality. So if a agents can obey
    moral laws such as "Murder is wrong" or "Stealing is wrong",
    then they are moral agents, even they respond only to
    prudential reason such as fear of punishment and even if they
    are incapable of acting for the sake of moral consideration.
    - A moral agent should have the capacity to rise above their
    feelings and passions and act for the sake of the moral law.
    Kantian version

    -according to the strong version, it is also essential


    that the agents should have the capacity to rise
    above their feelings and passions and act for the
    sake of the moral law. Haksar, V., Encyclopedia of
    Philosophy.

    The Purpose-driven Moral Agent


    Textbook from Rev.Charles Collens,S.J(1924)

    According to St.Thomas Aquinas, "Every human act is


    directed toward an end".
    The highest good or end is happiness but the
    absolutely final end is GOD.

    According to Aristotle,the
    summum bonum, the
    highest good
    is happiness.
    Alfredo Panizo(1964)
    Three Principles regarding the end or purpose of
    the moral agent.
    First Principle
    Every agent that performs an action acts for
    the sake of the end or purpose to be attained.
    ( A moral agent is purpose-driven)
    Second Principle

    Every agent has the power of moving for an ultimate end.

    Third Principle
    Every agent has the power of moving for an end which is suitable or
    good for him"
    Christian point of view
    -a humans persons destiny in the world is not only to achieve
    cultural and moral perfections, but to attain the eternal
    happiness of the soul after death of the body.
    The Fundamental Option

    -a person's act is moral if it realizes his/her potentials and


    brings him/her nearer to this goal in life, immortal if it
    deviates from it.
    Fernandez (1988) Fernandez quotes Janssens(19
    -the fundamental option is "the stance of position, I decide to
    take vis-a-vis the Absolute Value of God which then influences
    ultimately all my other individual actions and decisions.

    Troisfontaines(cited by DY,2001)
    -if one is used to a life in accordance with tyhe fundamental
    option , at the moment of death , he/she would be asked by
    God what his/her option will be and he/she will say yes to God.
    No- Prefix Plan for Man
    -a human person is or becomes what he/she makes of
    himself by choice. He/she is nothing, no "essence" until
    he/she starts he/she "exitence" by making choices.
    -a human person has to create his/her end, purpose or
    directions. He/she has to invent his/her destiny. since there
    is no goal or end designed for him/her, he/she would
    completely be the author of what he/she turns out to be.
    He/she will be totally responsible for what he/she will be.
    Consequently, the end prupose or direction of beings-with-
    others, is what they discover as they learn to live
    "World to Come" means "World to Come Out of this World"
    Fr.Rene de Brabander
    -he wrote an article, "Christianity in the Modern World"
    -
    The Modern christians depart from the view that earthly life,the
    world of flesh, is a sinful thing that has to beabandoned for the sake
    heavenly life.But "(h)eaven and earth are one and the same thing you
    cannot love one and despite the other."
    The "World to Come"
    that is the heavenly world that every Christian desires to
    direct their life to, can only come out or emerged from
    this world of flesh.
    The World to come"out of''this World"
    -it means instead of avoiding "this world" as a sinful world of flesh
    we involved ourselves in it, improving it,refining it, constructing
    and developing it,perfecting it to bring out the world to come.

    Robert Francoeur's

    "Persfective of Evolution"
    the future world toward which a person should direct
    his/her life is this same material world but spiritualized,that
    is, material world spiritualized, a world devoid of it's
    material limitations, a world liberated in freed from its
    spatio-temporal conditions.
    That's all for today!

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