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Patient Based Pathophysiology

This document outlines the pathophysiology of pneumonia. It describes predisposing factors like age, immunocompromise, and chronic conditions that make patients susceptible to pneumonia. Precipitating factors like lifestyle and environment can expose susceptible patients to pathogens like bacteria and viruses. If the pathogens breach the respiratory tract's defenses, they can infect the lungs, multiply, and trigger an inflammatory response, causing symptoms like fever, cough, difficulty breathing, and complications like reactive airway disease.

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Jeizel Ignacio
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127 views

Patient Based Pathophysiology

This document outlines the pathophysiology of pneumonia. It describes predisposing factors like age, immunocompromise, and chronic conditions that make patients susceptible to pneumonia. Precipitating factors like lifestyle and environment can expose susceptible patients to pathogens like bacteria and viruses. If the pathogens breach the respiratory tract's defenses, they can infect the lungs, multiply, and trigger an inflammatory response, causing symptoms like fever, cough, difficulty breathing, and complications like reactive airway disease.

Uploaded by

Jeizel Ignacio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PATIENT BASED

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Exposure to pathogens (S. pneumoniae, H.
influenza, legionella, other gram (-)
bacteria
PREDISPOSING FACTORS: PRECIPITATING FACTORS:
 Age  Lifestyle
 Immunocompromise  Environment
 Chronic comorbidities Exposure to pathogens (S.
(Asthma) pneumoniae, H. influenza,
legionella, other gram (-)
bacteria, viral and fungal
pathogens)

Susceptible host

Portal of entry Mucociliary action


(Mouth, eyes, nose)

Entrance to the alveoli IgA antibody binds the


pathogen by neutralizing to
prevent infection
Release endotoxins and
exotoxins
Initiate cough reflex to
provide expulsion of air and
Damaged cell will Alter the function of the pathogen
start to release alveolar cells
leukotrienes: B4, C4,
D4, E4
Pathogen still able to invade
and infect respiratory
Release histamines Cells undergo system
causing vascular degranulation
permeability &
bronchospasm
Alveolar Infection & proliferation of
macrophages pathogen in the lower
Constrict the muscle phagocytose the respiratory tract
of the wall of the bacteria
bronchioles
Wheezing, shortness Release of cytokines Release of chemical
of breath Inflammatory response to
such as tumor mediators (Histamine,
the proliferation of
necrotic alpha and complement,
COMPLICATION: microbial pathogens
interleukin 1 prostaglandins)
Reactive airway
disease (RAD)

Pyrexia will be Loss of effectiveness of


defense mechanism Narrowing of
induced w/c is done airway
by the hypothalamus

Multiplication and
colonization
Raise in body
temperature Decreased
expansion
Increased goblet cells
Fever
(+) retraction
Increase mucus production

Difficulty of
Cough with phlegm breathing
Dyspnea
Crackles
Rapid shallow
breaths

Tachypnea

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