PRABHAT GAUR Qou 9 833372 Vectors Physics ds Study of laws of ratung . Quantities — Phy sical Quantities Non~ physical quantities Quantities which ean be Quantities hich camn't be measudtd ie Wwe Can mated iv. we cann't het a unst /standord ABE a Atondard for Haid for thei, MAMsURLMbd meaalare mont \ y emotions + happiness ao Aadnss 7 Ta | | as i) - tae mands a composing it ah wed 4 4 mass , length , time, pressunt, fru ete- Physical Auankities ae —~ > Tenset Vectors fh sical quawdities which fh: when rap hh my nitude at “ atk 4, Ose ae Vul a athe along with dBinition ars scalars . unit fbr thu deHntion and ghould also follow gg. time, Cuorrgnt, masspotential , temperaturs, mole , dutance ergy, change 1 paver density , work , volume , preure, Speed ,Tnkersth 1 fuststonty, tte. 4 tion bo = betwe at Note + Electric cwasent hove but at us Q Scalar Vect Law 4 addition . aw — son =—sN “on SN) IN an Vectsi add” dependa ™ angle by tha vectors - 4. Velocs 1 dai placemuc, dee" © fovet , romentio, torqug, , netic field din fell , Torpulse vegrdede ax uel as dixectin q ty pecous, rt dadin't Soy vectes law of addition . of 8 3A Repreusetation of velo = Graphical ; 5A ol Fee * Deg + Shy = Sha wh +3A = SAsymbole > Vebcty vector 3 Y > bald ter acelarot” vedar > a Represented” of ongnitude veto 3 F # Magnitude Fos Flow F Paton est f J nitude, of F =n ae Magride +h V’ = loys Mog re Th cp ol IW] = \o-mds an = lom/s Unit Veckor 5 Vector havin magnitude L. a unit vector in direct” 23 a (0 cap) Unt Veet in direct” PF ot Gap) vectoy = M nitude x direction edit tagrintr » dnesion magnitude Mas ricer B = Qx direction a = unit vector 24 Unitvectos — peprtcenta direct". %, % _, unk vectors in x died" Le i> unit vector in y -dlivect vy z ho unit vector im z-died" & A Cr w roving towards eat with Speed. fons. Tt unit vecto& in mash diytef" us 9. Ropreuent velow (CN oA form. “V- [0 m/e . ¢ he Zevo Vector /nlll vector (2) Vector how nitudg zero and ule direct” com be chosen arbi = represant Ano vector output in yector, MH vs led to digebra.: ra an 27 oa oF dhy— 2ha = 0 1 <> 1 +h = 0 Negative of avector = he = 9 we ww wen, R=? Neg akive f a veeter ub vector having Same, mg nitude ahd oppodite direction Z . B _ c 4B if|-s el = Le2 t d J x c 2 a2 ~ @ Trood —@ owtanw Note? A vectet com bt moved parallefy , this doesn't charg. the vector - Anale bw dwo vectors + ~“0~ 7 To find angle b/w two z vectey |p allay move r the vectors and doin thon tarle, then the cmaller, 4 le b/w—tha vectors ic oft bfwo the veers . 0 angle Ho CAE a Collineor Vectors $ 1) Parallal = Some divection — 3) Anti~ Panalloh, > opposite dived = <———=> VecToR ALGEBRA = 4) Vector Addition — Triangle Low ~ Panallalog yam Law ~ Polygon Eau - 2) Sabtracti on of vectors 3 Resolution vectors4) Multiplication 4 vector ccalan. Product — Vector Roduct . 5) Dvision of vectors ub not defined . VectoR AppiTion + Triangle Laws = Triangle Jou toda that to v find © tum of duro vectors , Zs puralialy ae Ml ——>_ and join tal of one fo asd 4, 8 is angle bfy Vb arolfea. . ban the vector formed Zit -? by joining — hamauni fond 4 YO df) rreagnts ha Sum . z fro vectors [with wht, tu : Ee yemoini taal ard Sead ok a a 2 remaint hood’ a HK Givens Fad T md Og > To tnd 5 Rat oe Given = AB= NOI =0 —Be= lbl= b Zcao = 9 qo find "Tn 4 ACD _— & py hegovous euorem Act = Abt + eo” 30 Av =AA+a0= l@l+8D Th aged = O04 BD Zeing = eo “qsoz 8D > ko= Ot bese 0 Bc ac Sno = cp G30 = 80 b a 3.cb = bse Bp = bes a) Sesttele @ od @®@ nO Act _ (atbeose)> + Cusine)” at + (ocoss) + 2(a(beose) + (bsina)™ = c+ bere + Labo + Bsin29 — a& 4 bt (co8O + Sinks) + Lab or9 fcr. ah +424 2abcoso oO AC = Lat+ee + 206036 JR4P 1 = Sao pry zayase angle hy De Caer)& Tf two vectoss @ and 3B wo magritucles J and Y Ags pectively a fier find Sum of Cant Catmbtanc ) i Leo te angle ubith Avsbiant 5 makst wih a and Bf angle by a andi ut ° oO do ») Go =i) 0 4) [20° 5) 180 (lel = Lava paabeese = VaF qty zGytuyeoso” = J9+i6 + @u)4 = Jie =f = tong = bsm@ = Usmo” ang = aang = 3sn0 atbese 34 4ees0? b+acohe y +3co80" =0 =0 Mote F Singo?= G Sindee), Sin °= Sin (o°=0 2! az Cohb = J , C03 90°20 €p4/20° = -1 C98 180"=-] 3 = 2 |eabl= [a7 4+b*+ cabesso eae = IF Oise < SOF + OK! ne ooo Vv en =F fond = bsine = 4sin Go . atbese 3+4ce5 60° fan) = asind - 6b +ackds SO = 1G = 28 8 = 3.s1n Go° 34x (2) 3t2 4+ 3.coséo* ~- 34 _ 38 ar 4+ &t+3 2 azu us wm y v aa ce v ay pesel= 5 tom of 4 tom B = & W 1@sb l= Js tom of = Y gin 120° tong = Qsin 120 BF 4 co3120° by + 393120" 39. 38 4 =) 2 az 7. dH) 4-3 344 (4) 4 +3(3) a * = 38 - 3 = AB =26.16 < i 4-2 1 => 5) l@e8l-4 tamdceo tmp zo a Sum of to vectty a and B tag aad . G dnd 8 apspectivel ia fo. find a bj T&? And also He @ which aultonk makes with Rand Bs I@1 = 6 [Bl=8 ja4+el -10 bet (Paei = Soy 420bca80 Bet lo = Sghats2OOue 2 36+ 64 + 96 cos B O ~96ceokKQ0 3 OHO =O gc 0 = Go’tong = bsme _ &sin90? - 80) = 8 = can © A+ bese CrReosM Cy aca tom = asm = b+ acre go aphod _— uv 3 a q ees 3 a 64g =\07 r . gol Be8e a co fonds S jon B =G& « 8 & Th gum turd yesters Band b havi magn Zand haspedively ig (2 find angle ho BM and also tt Ongle which gasuttonk woky with @ wd &. _ IP+@| > Jar+e* + 2abeoss ee 2 = S5>4 134 2(5) (1a) 8© hc 25 + 149 + 130 oO —So = 130 casd CooO =~5-8 5 © = Cox (2) ‘3H 1S Sin8 = PF = 12 a TS lame = bsin® . Bi = 2 2 iaend ray Ss — 3 Oe beens 5 +85) “ = 90°4 grinds zon Ces (Go-6) = — Cor 8 (ek = 5 B ose 2-5 a & of two vectors 7 and VP haw equal magnus and tur sum also have rutde as Hak of, gad e find tt bly ~@ ond G [@4bl = [@l = | Bl= l@yBl = ee ce = AS ha xt 42x? coro L = Lor + 2xh coro - “Dock 098 9 ° weet = -) 3 0=!20 a od Axr apt wet Ze ay Lie ar t 20" ss‘ d Find kaladion bAd BB AC Fer folluring ding rams : ) i z \ se \ t ol il ot 1 1 zg {> a ree’ Cw =? +e =e 3 9 a4 BIC =o & Two vec @ and &. have nitude, a ande Aurpech wely are added wood le b/w tram. find value of 6 for which fadultant will bo \) Maximum a) minimum . Also tind dhe valuo a maxinum and mrimun Msubromk- Ae Maximum (9 20") Main (@ = 180') —— _—_ = — Sum = ath Sum = [a-bl |a+e [= J at bY + Lab cose 8-0" COBO may = | 8:60" Coase vain =~! hw: —_ BL TF sum of Suro unk vectors ib also wit veck et. fink angle bho wa two uw OAS. QL Whi ch au following valug is ot poss: ble. for Agsubl +; 6 and 3 (G4 5 a4 mag nitude +h 2h)Qs TE Sol” 2. sl A) & a) G oo 2 d2 &3 Which of De lorry pu Cannot give pote Sy herubt ant - ¢ Mine Here o Max =o ee aH i ht 58s VBL 3 Mex = 3 4 Te Agultant two vectors have rmogndbude half magnitude ecto, and ua popeda fo smash vitude — yeck6& - find angle b/w two Veet aA " q swum kyo veetons @ and & ham mognituda and 2 us 3. find “a hw @ and B ovd also the Orgte idh Auubtont mak with Gade? jeael = Lae 4 2abeoo 1 2 Vat paqowease 1 =< 14] + 200s -| = 2040 cos8Q = -] 3 9 =120° 2 max- value =< 6t4 23 win Vase = 6+3=3 3 + 2(2)(2) cor8 3 ot + 2 + 20 b= (4) Go = 8 9 =- 444+ Bcex8 § w L=-Gcse 3 orl =8 Sins 2 fh 8 oH H tong = bind 2S a . — go 7 ae Qt bse 2+Z1 It sing S63 = go 4 . ‘ 3 fe Gap = 2B wm «3 ge th q Bol Hz8 = {63 ff & Bree =H m+ pt. 8* prs bi-1=63 Trignometry Anale. ws defineal for change in duvection & l= & x 1 ngth a are 4 = RO whe @ avadians.Angle Neasure mot an pedtans (Cicada . HY G Degvets (Sexaguioal ) C meitod Ga Y = Go! = Go minules ST unk \! = G0" = Ge seconds x Aadians = \&o° , elopn ' \ = 360" Jake oe bs ato ~5e" 5 ACW measurement sh considusd +e - , 3S CW mosuyememt bh Conaidangd -ve- 8 Convent ‘oon ae fn Yodan ~ oO ny ww) 135° (wv) te" [gees Aadioms, 30 3 12 Ban =H nadions . 45 \Bo% le ) 6 = BE wd = rad 7 48 s a) 120° © Ox % rd. = 26 ph. 5 #62 3 3) Bs 2 Bex KR = on u) 38x. eo u 4 2 & Convert Slug rn eg res: ) TY a 5% a) lya d Ges 5 (ige°) = (50? 3) AW (180) = C60" 2 z ul ! a find berg “ ase. 1-08 Z v { . a* iL Cant 1 ue? = YX Ee nad eae ne Bey 4 Qe0- 2x a = 3 ES) = km t - RS 5 =R26n Te nomic Radios = : 4 sind = £ C8O= 8 page P XH s Pp Cocos | Seo= 1 Gte = Sno cao tom & Tdentitis =) Sint tcsse = 1 2) |+tunr = sec a) l+ctte = couse bo 0° 40° us" - 7 B-0 Let {Ft Teh fess Sin @ a a 2 oa ef “ 13 t 1 5 CoA £ la . 1 tong = Sin? 0 na ; ce tsSin 3P = 3 Sin 53° 2 5 5 cs oF = coy 53° = 3 5 JS oO ys 90° d Sind 688 C| Hel P Mat 8 3 sind = cose = 8 quad “set 8 K lp vad 4 Sin (40-9) = ® cas(go-8) = eo Bio! 8" sar o W 4 30", Ap 0 720° 0 0< 90° ster “ 3 Sin (40-6) =+ Cord Gs($o-8) =tSin® Gin (S048) = + CHO (or (S040) = - Sine Sin (10-8) = Sin Cor (it -6) = — CoO . ust 5 Sin (ote) = —SiNO {ut Coa (Iv +0) = — tO ~ by 3 Sin (Q30-8) = .- GO wae y Cog (240-9) = - Sind G . Sin (42048) = - Gho SY Gg (ato +8) = + Sino Gn (3-6) = ~ sing Cos (360-0) = +89 sin (360+8) _ + Sino Cox (abore) = + Coe sin, (eaot0) = — Ge Ga(s4o-8) = — Coe4 ye Wome : xé (2,4) Kz2 f= yo-2 = 2% (: 8) & (36,3 Kau y=he-4 = 36 q ‘ ¢ find valve of con 120" Bo —1¢0" Qos tan’ = Cod (904307) 2 ~Singe? = 4 = GA liho-6o) - - C8Go = - 4 et : 4 find valua 4 Sin Ne” |go” — 240° Gin ude = Sin (A?2~ ~ 30") ~ -o33e 2 - he = Sin (ito +6) - - since 2 - YY, Ea find value 4, i) Sin 180° Sig 300° 3) Cos 480 A) Sia céo” ; Cod 150° Q sin 120° p Sin ISB g) Cod 225° 8) Sin 380° ts) Gos Lit? u) Cordon’ 1} Sin 840° . ° 420 4) Sin (Qot+60") = + GedGo! = tS te a) Singos’ = Sin Coe0-68) = _singot a-&) 3) Cr 480° = Od (ug0430°) = -Sin30? = J W) Sin Goo = Sin (630420) = -Cordo® = 74 2 5) Gaiso = Cod (180-36) = — Casto? = =Sin 120° = Sin (90+ 30) = Cs30° = GZ D sings? = Sin (146°) = Sin ts” = “kh e) Cos 225° = (og (a%0 4S) = —Smus = -L NSin 330° = Sia (860-38) = ~-Snge” = a aeons to) Cog up? = Ca (1980438) = Con Bo” = 5 tise 1) (eS alo = Coy (Q070+ 30°) = +fin 20 = +r we Ig) Sin Qyo" = Sta (Ql0 +307) = + C63 30° ath see Grophs 7 1,2,,12,13!% 1) Sin aaa -(gsinogtl & Sine Efe lL] Sino” =O = Sinige? = Sin S60” = Sin Sue 2 Sin #20” her Sin go’ = 1 Sig 270" = 1 Sin USo" = | Sin 630= -1 a) Cod®3 CHO e[-!,'J Cad 90° = 9 = Cos anc? = CoRusn’ = Ces 630° Ceo e 1 COB IG = -l Con Med 1 Con SHO = | (=! cos Car’) = 0 Cos Geo) = -1 3 w ) tane qu? 0, \ q ' ' ; ' \ \ ' ( a! ie : Ff; Fat | | ( Sine ah > 8 § | $ 96 ge HA as se Corrs bet \ | \ / | fae 6 Ce) E> teovgs i ty tayo = tam [fo = tun B60" = fom go? = fom 270° = tomes = @ nd. at NoteZ Sin (-e) = - Sin® cos (8) = (088 tom (0) = ~ tum 8 4 sin (90) = —Singo? = —! cos (180) = Igo" = -/ Some {mpostomk formulas + 1} Gaara) = Sin A-Cosd + CosAsa B & Sin 75° = Sin (30 4NS") = Gin 30°. Coys” + Cos 30° Sin 45° t+ &e bat GL = 16 an Oke OU OU Le 2a3 Sin (0-0) = Sin -CorB — CogasinB 4 Sin is'= Gin (Go-ws) oF Sin (45-30) = sirGor—us) = Sintec. (es us? Cob 60'Sin 45° Bh dh aR 3 Gs(Are) = Gosh (sb - Sin ASIA R- u) Cos (AB) = COB Cas + Sin ASB 5) tan (A+) = cin (A48) = tom a + ton “ona +8) “1 — tam Atom B 6) tan (a-8) = tom A-tonB It tom Aton - 3) Sin 26 = Sin(O 48) - Sin8 CSB + CBO SO $) Cosas = Gs @+S) = (a0: (as — Sind Sin 6 Cos de = Cos78 =si78 CAQ8 = |—sin?@ — sinzQ casag - Corre — (i-wa*e) CoAae = aces 20 ~! 8) Sm 38 = Sin (8 + 28) = Sn@ cos 20+ CoO: Sin = sing (t-2sin'®) + (98 Gone: cos 8) Gnd —2sineQ + 2smG- Coe 29= Sng ~ 2sin36 + IsmB ( I~Sin*e) = GnQ —2siPO 4 25inO — 281078 10) (830 = Cos (8+28) C48 (6326 — Sino cin 20. . = Coxe: (Dust -i) ~ G9 (229) 9) = Aupte-ore — 2008.6 (1=Gos Cos*8) = 2.0380 — CoB cope — 230+ 20850 (9538 = Ycos*® - 3c080 aw ae Approximations > o-s fry O< 5° 6| Tatras” 4 Le Ro — * dion: gusoonl\ co" =| "2 a 2 J = WZ? on eX By © 1 = K Aad. P = tod. (Bo P= 0 dianates, 2 = ole Pagallog warn Low) g 2 __ oo O us andle bw @ ¥bTo find au ot, tus vectors , Parailaly wove fa vectots b poin tur tals , Mow) construct vi With two Vectoss os adjocant Gidoc , now the diog L bio the two Vectors , mpveseats He bum of so va. 4 What wil the othen diag - + ie apres Wed, = 7? sb = ots, duagnel fopyesers sirvadion + turn vets Talggon Lew 5 P44 E+ T+! =? eN Te find gum ere than two a FF wet pin fail of on tO ul of another, of all ho veel, we teas veck o& foymed by jpeg wematring head & foul ial Hae com cusn of Fredots Aes a , 8c -8, 4 Ih aq, hexagon AGCOEF , 3h or find fallowny in fons a) Re w.e-v-z -P-2 8) e - Ezy -Cieag =@-C¢ dw -bre ye tt et — > 5 = §) BE bre -a Resolution Vectors § Breohing a. veete um form 4 § cum of kum oy wore, velit aT call Ardolubbion & vere . Catrea veins ane call comp onus of Forman yest va bee a ad +O eF a agar eepeqete? com panute a _ a ‘\, “ A Veetors con be written ta 2,3,4 uph infinite do Sa- 5 conn poral amd Yroin and infinte ys 3 Magntude of obmponentt a.vector cam be “yee. tet equall a tham the veel -Rectangular Componus 5 Componuta a veeko un te along xVY,Z Oh, : L, Le 4 x Rectampalan Compmuids fo 2-0 $ Y nudvally peapends char directiag p> bjs a Sery - 0x >r(t) — find rectangular Compass = o = Gg +a q- 1 pou 2 Sa Vector, = magnhde xditd” yoy “A ~ =o, *«~ Oo =fay} ¢ ay = lay | { Trso AB Sind = a Caro = Ox ia {a Qy = | a} net Oa, = 1F) cope a, = la leash Pay = [@] Sinod 9 “ X compan” R- u ie YY Bw = (Rlese i + 1a[Sin a7 «Sms comport ‘ T= unit vecteR in x-direct”dunk vected in y- - dpe" he un vedroR in z direct" A a-@ 5 |@= (ql lel Veco nay: diet” + & . ; “he tea Compouk e a Oy) Gingo = Os ts 20° = Oy 2 = “ = losinde” dy, = (2 OhI0" =" =f ae eB =58Write team Poms of TEC. LP: Avsinaot aq a 6 BS = Zosin 30° l+ 20 cad30 f P = 2stlt) op = si 4 2psinae'd of = cod | fosi ays? p Te +A yo cag US + 1OSANE &) Wete 2,8, CSTR m com pons fort . T = to(4) ERs ul + of find Il and &, P io. terms oh ay kay. Te loces srt flosinad ¢ al \ losin ae? ¢ = Keke d = prt + wl locesaor(t) 2 2 2 RT 454t e fo cos (Pa \o aq “Tosi 30 & 4 Te aT tay fp a, HE Ca And COSA Ont direct" codines de t 5@ = -3t+4F a jal = ay? = 5 = losina® = 10- at s = -2 , Ces B= = lasin at" (4) ro cok af 4 iag)C 4) + eu 4) = -6T+ Bt = lesins2° C%) +1008 53 "Q) = ib 4G + 3G) 5 ~ 2 - Qt ef: t +1000 aPC) tls (3) Cf) = Gf -4y (2l" < ay + ay el = far tay @ouem = 0. eam ay (ev lal direct” cotinu of & cand diveck" cosines Ho 4 5Cos = He pao Cork = ~ve BKK S [80° x3 byfy 2 Be tVe KAY le by @ Ate YA = -Si- cf poe a \a\ b& direck" cosinas of Tf (a = 10 = Ibo? B=G0" wate TW in rectangular components + jel = ey catse = Ji =! Coax = a = Oy = “ 2d a ai f8 aQ = aces a t Sant Ltp= ao _ Ce a-p =O = acorn t 4 asine } lasing = acosat + asin(oef)q Sut ras oconm © + Oop f |B = 10 an ee ed T = lcs so t ¥ 0 ood GO q = 10 Cos (80 -30) t + /0 ere = [0 [- corse t + $F - se BY 45h = -st +sf = 450% §A) T Cop = 2 ep 2 fama 2 B = losingo? C1) +18 cs eo BA) 10:1} Zz 2 = -Sit + 54 a = 142) find angle which a makes with y ~ vu as'(4) BY taw'(L) tan’ (2) 0) None snp = 9 et Gos -f 3 cesT ay S z 2 ton! (2) =p bam = 46 Rectangular com porarts fn 3-D Given 5 e with “he x odd le with +e Y 00h wih +e Z-Onb if 3 ong! = ageCex = 4 | 4 OF Ial= KY 2 Wate = Q a, esp = Oy, CY = Oe a| 1a’) 10 anh —- which @ mek with axis Ger, 60", 4S” red pe tively Vin “relongslon comporonts = ache tT + oLcesp ft acar k . lo cosco't + Io erg + tn coa.ys? R loot tot] a a ln bk = 5t +59 $5RK Oe 4 Tt zz = 2t- -oh fing [Z| and ate divechon COAtnRE « jap= (ere e2zt = Jqigy = S39 =3 Ge = Ox = 2 , P= eb ar 2 %e2 wl 3 a 3 1a@| 3 > 4 of w= Ord Cob Ly F + O99 + ask av one da direct’ coun Bin find ve ) Cox Lit cop + Cally ) tor = an 1 lv] 1a 2) Sin? + Sin me Y- > Cop Ca¥ = Ge = array idee , = ae a’) _ Con” h + Cos *B + Coty ax) ‘(4 y a)” el la (@ = ate ay t Ta’ 1a]>L . . 3 Saat Si? p t Sin? = [—costad + 1- Corp tl oszy = B- CcorK + cop 4 EO = 38-|=2 Application of nusslution of vectons = 1) Addition & Subtyaction = Til = (ats t + Caytby)} PR = (x b)t + Cyy)] # a = t-apeak _ B= at +jo ok ree = UE +2g-3h TP = 2b -6f tFk2 To tind unit vecte in dixechion of oO ge veer £ x [Poa | o find — unt vectors in divec” ft a= 2t -fr2k 4- 2 : Qt-J42k — wW-park \wl N42 424 3 lat 14424 a 7 +4 ZR 8 4 os a vectel Z= al+274 (Ak find ) unit vectra & ) vet Ge, which have teagrtude, 49 ord da poxrallel to! Tv. 2) vectot e 1 hoving magnate oT) and us anti- panalt ad to ) tee eo Megemh = Meyewl wv SE at Nu+44 14 4 = Qta2pa@k = 2t+apeal apt = gtr gy Gh )B=-4= 00 2.2)+ Bi) =ut+ty “, acer 3) ce = Qo (-4) = do | - 20-2} - Gb] 2 -at- 6p - With: 3) Mulhpheation qa wetor with salon ¢qa bo, Tt kogg t kak kxe yy 4 Solr vert > a 4 a - Q@ = at-q+ an . a YPe u (o9 -7 + 2h) ao 8 tape tk N a nah). & ag = 20% peak) = 4 find 30 + 2b? ; B= 8(at-7 42k) +2 t+ uj +5) = 6L-3p 46k 4 OT +E] NBR = at td 4) Equalit of vectert > . Ye. ai +ayg + ak it bag thk P 41K. Ee bx Th web Wis TRAM. Ox,=bx , Oy = by ) Or = by 2r49—3R _ if weet . t Bs AdT+ G4 + Zk Pek. Then find Value of Xt 2y 32.Tron X-) 22 X=atl =38 X+ 44% 32 5) fasallal Verto ° 3 d-2=! ze i -3 ye 12 Z 2-3-1 = 23 = nu = 842@)+3C% = 346-12 =-3 Te ante ype ak Be byt +e dthek uy Pie A then , Gz 6 aq a N asi +b yg tak = belt gt bed \e"l . fel . Oe t+ Pret = bei+ bptbek (vl Mi Tel 1B) Ie] Ax = by ) Oy = b ’ Gz = be jel Te] i ie e) 1th Os = Ie Gy = Lol & = x Te) by 1B b, EB) 7 Oo = dy = a = Ia) by be 4 Geylst &Al] + 3h Pe ate af 46%4 elk +> An2 = 3 K2 23 3 Cc 3 6 Pers X223 2 on ae x-o2td iF. y=) > 2 $ =+\ Pasition_veetos Position = c-ordinahes dehaing apt Rabon veckor + va vector with tak ak omgin and. Fees ote Avod SF ak oe alge Y Position Cay) ply) a - position vector 4 position ws Gy, 2) v= at +yy + zh- 7 (273,49) q 22 ~ 944k% Dis lacerment = pl cae) % S 8 (x:.4o.22) fre. Rte = te Tl. ROU Xe = ta] 2h) - Cateye) > & DT + Ge )G t+ (z,-21)h TF 0 particle mows from AC2 14) 4 (42/9) find — displacemerd - - Ue att [2- Col} + (3- yh y = +t +3- -th IP] = Sea = FO 9 - 4 for a qven Cubs of uly & a» Shown . Lu find Follouaing vectors ) ede Go 1 fe eee oe 3) body dapel 5 ac, y omy A Lagrt4 (a-o)k - ak sai+ap = ateaprak =-at4 afrak (o-s)t + (a-a) (a-ot + (a-)} + (o-o)R (W-97+ &-dj t Gok (o-a)f + (a-oy} + (a-e)R ‘Test TE position vectes aA A(24,2) FG,48) on a ale: el lS) Sy &l fod ) Apt 2% @) 3) displacement if pastiche moves from A to @ 2) displacement A patie mors hom Gtoh 2 tT a(2) ank ka A its position vector - fink) [ipl and divection codines y Vecra Be parallal to FA with mnagrtude 3) Vectr & , 1e atk pond. +0 Tp, with raged a3 Tf sum, of kwo Unt vectors Ja a unit find &) mogituhe? eh their dittensn co - ait cannot give Asubret 6 - a4 wo of the following a) 24 B) toy4 dQ toto gto . ste i @ Solehon v ‘Me M c is é a ) & Hy 2 Bi-+2h El -gt supe sk D) % + aiy ata zh 4 2684 4] +S) ah +6048) +k - 8+ Ap ti2ea2 yk > abate ) [mts Part 2 Jase = Ge Cad 2 22m 1 (ep ES , oy > AL H Bi 3 N23 ) Bete mm =l0 iy. \-" (ge*) ? = [ Vial s = 24-2 JrIwh ~ , A p33 3) © =a0(-A,) = -2° (HESS) = “uct + Goat 23 B fs jal 3) a=t , bal , (eee et ? \atve| = Satyr aabeot# Ve Fret e 2w0use \= = [tlt 2es8 cee a-l YS a2 [2-0 = ar ppr—2abcos8 Cert mor! > tPr 290(-$) = rey =f ---- 2.3 a ™ a Scolan Prooluct Vector product ox esult js coalar Result ds vector ab Axe (Det product) (Crass Product)Scalas, product ¢ ab = 12/18) ceo whe 0 ub angle bho DAE Propenties 5 wae.’ a (commutative) 2 VGC) 2 P+ aC distributive) 4 @s(B2) @E)e —~ meaning leds ) OG = (ili cso’ = 14.124 fg=hh=4 oo tp = UE) Ip] cosgo? = 11-0) -o=9 RR TL opt ety ) ws af +f tack a= bal thy ft bok as (ants ay f+ deh) (bx cit hy Jt beh) whl Oty 2F Oe bet £ dpb 92% Oh ff 4042? ped OF yy dE + ty bap ke + OLE gb Rey Qs by Lh = xb, () + ay by (1) + Oe be - An bs + Oy by + Ozby@.b -20)+ ENM+ @)CW = €-/-12 = -F 5) To find angle between two vectors = a’. © - |@)/6) cos =| iu ) + — + r = 0) + ENG) +2 = 27142 =3 ‘el « Vata = 3 (We Vir 2G cae = @-B _ 3 -1 WUE) gia a ) To prove twp Vvectss ane perpendicular = @.b = 0 ae ¢ of a = wl ond, +h bos L tf - if @1 eb find oe aD = CaF) 20 + Lb) $30 =0x2>-2xe3=0 X2x4x-3 = 0 x(0ea) HI(k-8) =0 (X44) (x-3) =0 X=-1,3 be 3) Projection 4 a yectel along a line oR Comporant 4 a_vectes, along and 1 to another vectors lop ott v Coe _- avo acese = prigal™ tall =|0 Praag bine fungi shadow of Won Line if Light incxdant 1 to linea le bla ect” = hon 6 le angle a z Or > Componuat anv - a, a + Component att 1 a, ' i ee ———————_Z @— angle b/w CLUE xo = lal 3 lal = lelose _, (mle, Ou, = Jou | bOn = acesg. b. thew Cos ae k t-8 we) iz = = _ a,+t%=a 4 a 2 Vin} tak Ee Leap tak Rod 1) Comp oneint of along # to b § comparonr qb alo & 1 to S- par 4b dey oe ) ee ot Se pees om “ wit) Ce ye . Pe [el = (prtar =3 =) i rl. 3 cone On 3 (a | = el ese | Vel eg 23 (2E,) = 3) <8 = eel 7a 2 . Rei Bau e\e4 Peg?) ~~ 3 ei) 373 oS agg eg YT -K +B go ‘et a a - = aig eR gtd +4) = Wiel? 10k 3 3 3we BB 4 3,8 BBor a 1,4 5) 64 Salwed Worked out ex (%-28) 3,4, 5, 6,7, 4,9, 15M Excise. (-L- 32) cept cvoss— produc x Tiushration + 3,4 3) r ba = Helcese @ we ds) €-—- = v(za) C 3 = egy Qt e at farce > = 7 by = b-bu a a ~ciep ea - (Gat) = pir rie k Vectos product + 3° 3 (Gross - product) (v xb ) \exP lz (wlIPl sind Direction ua given 4 aight Rand thumh yle- Statement + ret tne b uf hand 4 weg a first ‘ooaly In exe ) curl you fin second (iv ge ren ‘aur tod or in dived Ate& BxP & Vxo am vectors perpendewlo to plane in Whe Wand fie. “ > &, © > unit do 1 plane abo ab. ~ o 4, A axe = |@xb|. 1 Ree. [ai Elsind- Rropenties + 1) Pxb 2 - (Exe) a) Ox@+e) = Axe + exe 3) Px (HXE) g (Va) XO W) xt = Ullt]sinot-h =O = fal = kxku a? tap = [tap Ala a an : [EL flsinae n oR x Gi) = took oh Clockwise Aon «8 ~ t An {xk = f SK Ux} Rxt = ] Rely pri = -k is iap= ‘ “ Anti - do chwnise TxR= —d Reta Ure 0 Zw '\ pte 4 he upset s) a at +0 it ask Ba bel thf +brkOxP = TxP = "Cant pa J ged) x (bel ty dt bd : aya 1 aly Oxeby Leg 4 Ox by tk aha SPT * Sb bk Ababa t by hxf + nb = Say he + Oucbe Cf) + byby CR) tay ba! eat + a, by (4) d = (ybs - a, byt + (aby —Oxbr)} + (aby “4h 2104 20- 3K y -p-2k aad =? oy ol al O ow axe = (21 + 2h -3k) x(t -t7 -2k) 3 = Bint ninp-utah + 2p xt -pef - yeh ~ahxi +dhude + 6 bak? = -2k typ ah ut —3¢ ~ at = —Fl4p-uk mA gnethoad ¢ ym jon A i Cee) ~ — ® a a phy Qe % exe Se by 2 TCghe by) +4 (az bx ~ bo a,) + he (Gaby - by dy)go Gs rt-p + 2k wees? b= 3ts+4r 45k a in jk . . a 18 i i (ao - 4) i [2 2) ER (Ky - OO SWS 2 (58) 4p C19 RED 23-4 eth Pete! YE] tledag Gates] td = st - 4p th ¢) TE tum vectors One pasallak 2 axbid 7) Area aN triangle = Area. a A formed by PLE oa Adjacent sides Gres & 9 Ielsine ah ol zt rey \ , hos Area of A = 1 bh = pial lel sing x Areal =t Te Arta ¢ gm = bxh _i a = [el [P)sing z = | @xe | At 9 find position vectors of Paik (2-34) , (1,12) © (42,0) [mR ” <2» past vectors ab A, 2,03 W) fink oy coin ponami 4 posit” yecke% of @ o) find nitude + Re 4) fied BP + Ae find diveck? dines he: 4) Find Fae \ find FA xRe \ find ongle oho Bee D re th y Chor iE Ba | FS & Fe ) Re ategpesk 9 compet! 7 +k y compan = & 3 jah ~ Fare = Jz 4) oe (i-sptye) + aie} +2k) + (af 2) - att t tO 4. ‘| 2O+0 5) Co = ets Gp = te CoaY fe ) RRR = A) ELIO+N@ = o-3=F >) Qa. caplomad -\ 4, \\- LA 4 2 0 = 8) Ongte bho Ty & te | we = Ky Ke 2 442, ig) te ee = = (2={6. tn & 4) Area + A= Ua 4 % Txt = J & 2 Ale ,o\ [ar da | = Snryst fie = Arca of ao = ile 1) By: (ia he) =O i J pot copbannds: = ale = 78 [y Ueeg () + k® = - -\o1 L +5% ye Lx 5 po 2 ) (Ae +4 es) -24%¥-% =-\40 fo Tésr PAPER DiScussi0N (at o,f). (Wt-39) 0 — (ay -3 (42) = 0 - Only > option iu past ble D alee) BE (220%) LBPAP Leh PRO9 EB (Gxt) = AY > 314 2j-uk reef? 7 & Be -T+2fzar [: 2. 4 i 3 tS 3 = 1 (are 49 (u-&) #R(G+2) = let +09 + eh > [PxO] = Ss TH gyn = Laima o> o> - RAR le R+h=9 2 Lon ae (s-A) 9:(A) 2 8 8 Fi=6, R=lo Fy — A= 21+3> 2 bo eA = a A= 3tatp BH ray} 3 Wl= (Fur 2 as os eR = ga te 4p) RoW 2 sey x ri = (Sf + 2G M(r9 40a & =) > c= Jol ~ 7 Pp aT > - 23} (Al cose = HAT ( Se =a-t ae ee Iv) 1p) batty => 2+3 =2 on rn Ban vz a aet-4¢ belt tto= BB = IH) 20 oe Same HE HY NP) ade Cy x5 bh@ 0 (4,0) € P (a,% 9) m(a,o, 4) n w= ate af vat om =-af pak OF. of = a+ +0 = 20> DQ a& - oy - ae 1-1 4 23 b> ae 38.7 2) oP = 4h +39 x-comp = Y Basic. Algebra 7 DQ Quadratic equasions axr4loxt C= 0 xs — bt [tac te X4+%_2 —b KxX2= & a oO 3) Binomial exprtssion > n 26 (arb)” Cxtp (272) Binomial Mees + — rl ate Ea fan HE ate (aty)® = ahh, - "34 a2 beeen > +0" = 14% + n(n) eee - a Approximad” Lif mech fv inpottant: Gy = tne Ctx” =I-nNU3) Logarithm = os dog mn = Log rat Log n 4b do = — be Es ae grein Dlg. ats be fig = toe | gee =e ) botab = Ach é hege m f tog gn b = 1 fogab log 2 = 0-R0l0 4 nd bog S24 bog 3 = 0-477! ) fed “4 ” lg Ja4 = tag C29" > £ bg 2s = L [ty (axax2x8)] =i tog (a! 3) oy [34g t beg 8] =] Bless 177) L | la ve tag] or 4) Compmando & Dividendo yule - af psa Men pag = ale 4 b pP~4 a~b8) Avimetic Progaussion = a,atd, at 2d, ard, _ arta) d Sum 4 n teams = 2 [2.4 (na ] ¢) GPe | a, ar, ay, -.. ar Sum + GPSu= O (t-y") I-a f [Al 90" 8 ) ey of Ling pong through (x4) & Gigs) ton® = jay XX4 Write at 4 dink pausing Hanah (2,4) & 4,9) Gra) > a) bess @ OD (x_-x1) t 7 -4) = /5-4 “4 = 4 grinercet udc- oot fot if a] vA Mm fee | HW Bed unite 4” 4 dane pani Preush (4-1) & (4, -2) & a write Line hh a with +e X~ out ~ ond Nib Herowgh DQ gee =e 2 weed = Cao) xox X2-% AWD Yoo ra -3 Ayer) = 4(x-2) 2y4Z =-21tZ 2y4x= =O3) Slope=ten 60° = & =m b= morn go! = 8 (K+) Diffeuntiation “Fe the pe 44 "paladion by bdo two variable Byer ¢ EN q per He + Secank/chs a RAL x so > > ch ni ies oy Ot ite) da infinitely small chawah (np itesimat) slope 4 secant = Ag = tare As I 2 ier 420 o aspect ona ay 3 wrt & Rap nl “segs of wrt x Dittrentiakion of omsbo—® function + J) cont = A (conah) =0 oo ao y¥-2 x” dx * a s 70 x eo48-0 3) got A (snd) = CL 3) y= Cobe i Wares x) = —Sint a) ys tone A lems) = Seche on ne ) ye 4 (2) =e Pye &&)= nx [e= ad) - 1 yw yee A= gx = 3x de & Difteuntiote following sort x > ) x! Dz” 9 7% y tL 9D Jax) = y xt ud ax. J4(M 2 dct) = ict) wiv =2 dx dx 2 a2 Qx% 9d 4 (x%) = 24%?) = 2x74 dy 3 3 yd (4) 2A) = erat! 2-1. 2 -b dx ax + 3) Ll a -y -- 5) 4 (x ye 3x3! 2 8x 3 O40) = goxk! 2 yx 2 btalHL. Addition o Subtvaction + Joy th dy -dp t dp ~ dx du x +Sinx of i = dG) + Also = 2L +x. 4. Difewtion wtre @ tert i) eX —bnxt Codh- ) Zé (3) - 4 19 + 4 L(? ge) gene ay dy. dy “ ~ [athe 4 (an eo et -1- Si x? [4% “] x mnX - ae —-1xu% 2x4 a - Bx2r - L - 2" axe x 2 3x? -1 -2 ape x a) e&-1-Sinx x T. Product rule + gma Ay det a dx dx dx> sine de Le xed (sine + Sine: al) dx t 2 cax +Sinc Gx) $ go oi dy = eX d (mx) + tnx 4 (e%) doc ax doc se Le xe x fi Divisim Rule yo D 4y = da) - nN dO) dx dx ps 4 qe Sea. | Y= Cox. da (i) — L. dl (cox) CosX ax a (cous) * = Gir) = 4.6500 Cok? 30 = orsing = SMX 2 Sx Cert x Costa Cosr cobX & Ditere stiate Lollaving wrt x = bane Sex Q gee 2) ge Whe d ys P+ axes i) Y= O-6e + Hxt 8 3) Y= So Q ge toate SitD y= ster 8) yaaa ) yeu 2 @ ye a ag Ick Pu@rye nee. -yQxns8e — ) a= ot ee ee ae = Aut QU)+o= at 2) y= Wana oy A (ey) + tex dQ = Wet dna (o) = 4- 4 a at * . ) y = xd 6x2 +92 4 18 ye a(c)-4 ext) + ° # ax i sor gf . Oxr— Cdn + 9) = ax -12x49 9 = Sin y= Sak dy = xh ad (Sina) — Sina d(x” dy dG = 88 BOI (x+)> . eh BL — Ax -Smx ral 9 yo Six Cpady —~ Casx- A(sinx) — Sina A (corx zt ax, de > Coste = Coax Coa — Sina (“Sin4) Osx = Coste $ Sin? X -~ l= Gee?x Cod? x Cos R 7) Y= Cesecxr = I SM dy Sax Alf - 4.d (int) = — sx ax tT ; dx “Smey Sin™x = Cx Smx Sint 2 —Cotn- deer 9) gz Cotx = Cox sinc : dy ~ sine A(corsx) — Core A (sinx) AL ax dx Sint = Sinz (-Sinx) - cadsx (cod®) Sinta = Ganty coe = — (sie tco8) = <1 Gin Sint Sint me =e Coat,