INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)
Dundigal, Hyderabad -500 043

CIVIL ENGINEERING
COURSE DESCRIPTOR

Course Title FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

Course Code ACE018

Programme B.Tech

Semester VIII CE

Course Type Core

Regulation IARE - R16

Theory Practical

Course Structure Lectures Tutorials Credits Laboratory Credits

3 - 3 - -

Chief Coordinator Ms.U. Deepthi, Assistant professor

Mr. N. Venkat Rao, Associate Professor
Course Faculty
Ms.U. Deepthi, Assistant professor
Ms. V.Alivelu manga, Assistant professor

I. COURSEOVERVIEW:
Civil Engineers are required to construct structures on the soil. The loads coming onto these
structures, along with the self-weight, have to be safely transmitted to the soil beneath it. A
geotechnical engineer must be able to design a footing in such a way that soil below it will not
fail there will not be any excessive settlements in the soil. This course enables students to design
a shallow and deep foundation, analyze the stability of slopes, and check the stability of retaining
walls and embankments against failure. Through this course content engineers can design the
foundation for safety andserviceability.

II. COURSEPRE-REQUISITES:

Level Course Code Semester Prerequisites Credits

UG ACE003 III Engineering Geology 4
UG ACE006 IV Geotechnical Engineering 4

III. MARKS DISTRIBUTION:

Subject SEE Examination CIA Examination Total Marks

Foundation Engineering 70 Marks 30 Marks 100

Page | 1
IV. DELIVERY / INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:

✘ Chalk & Talk ✔ Quiz ✔ Assignments ✘ MOOCs

✔ LCD / PPT ✔ Seminars ✔ Mini Project ✔ Videos

✘ Open Ended Experiments

V. EVALUATIONMETHODOLOGY:
The course will be evaluated for a total of 100 marks, with 30 marks for Continuous Internal
Assessment (CIA) and 70 marks for Semester End Examination (SEE). Out of 30 marks allotted
for CIA during the semester, marks are awarded by taking average of two CIA examinations or
the marks scored in the make-up examination.

Semester End Examination (SEE): The SEE is conducted for 70 marks of 3 hours duration. The
syllabus for the theory courses is divided into five units and each unit carries equal weightage in
terms of marks distribution. The question paper pattern is as follows. Two full questions with
“either‟ or ‟choice” will be drawn from each unit. Each question carries 14 marks. There could
be a maximum of two sub divisions in aquestion.

The emphasis on the questions is broadly based on the following criteria:

50 % To test the objectiveness of the concept.

50 % To test the analytical skill of the concept OR to test the application skill of the concept.

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA):

CIA is conducted for a total of 30 marks (Table 1), with 25 marks for Continuous Internal
Examination (CIE), 05 marks for Quiz/ Alternative Assessment Tool (AAT).

Table 1: Assessment pattern for CIA

Component Theory
Total Marks
Type of Assessment CIE Exam Quiz / AAT

CIA Marks 25 05 30

Continuous Internal Examination (CIE):

Two CIE exams shall be conducted at the end of the 8th and 16th week of the semester
respectively. The CIE exam is conducted for 25 marks of 2 hours duration consisting of two parts.
Part–A shall have five compulsory questions of one mark each. In part–B, four out of five
questions have to be answered where, each question carries 5 marks. Marks are awarded by
taking average of marks scored in two CIEexams.

Quiz / Alternative Assessment Tool (AAT):

Two Quiz exams shall be online examination consisting of 25 multiple choice questions and are
be answered by choosing the correct answer from a given set of choices (commonly four). Marks
shall be awarded considering the average of two quizzes for every course. The AAT may include
seminars, assignments, term paper, open ended experiments, five minutes video and MOOCs.

Page | 2
VI. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES AREASSESSED:
Program Outcomes (POs) Strength Proficiency
assessed by
PO 1 Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, 1 Assignments/
science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering Exams
specialization to the solution of complex engineeringproblems.
PO 2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research 2 Assignments/
literature, and analyze complex engineering problems reaching Exams
substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences, and engineering sciences
PO 3 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for 2 Assignments/
complex engineering problems and design system components Exams
or processes that meet the specified needs withappropriate
Consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations.
PO 6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the 2 Assignments/
contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and Exams
Cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to
the professional engineering practice.
3 = High; 2 = Medium; 1 = Low

VII. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES AREASSESSED:

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs) Strength Proficiency
assessed by
PSO 1 Engineering Knowledge: Graduates shall demonstrate sound 2 Assignments/
knowledge in analysis, design, laboratory investigations and Exams
construction aspects of civil engineering infrastructure, along
with good foundation in mathematics, basic sciences and
technical communication.
PSO 2 Broadness and Diversity: Graduates will have a broad - -
understanding of economical, environmental, societal, health
and safety factors involved in infrastructural development, and
shall demonstrate ability to function within multidisciplinary
teams with competence in modern tool usage.
PSO 3 Self-Learning and Service: Graduates will be motivated for - -
continuous self-learning in engineering practice and/or pursue
research in advanced areas of civil engineering in order to offer
engineering services to the society, ethically and responsibly.
3 = High; 2 = Medium; 1 = Low

VIII. COURSE OBJECTIVES(COs):

The course should enable the students to:
Understand various methods of soil exploration and field tests on soil, planning and preparation of
I
soil investigation programme.
II Analyze the stability of infinite and finite slopes
Calculate At rest, Active and Passive earth pressures of soil & Analyze the stability of retaining
III
wall against sliding, overturning and bearing capacity failures.
IV Calculate the bearing capacity of shallow and deep foundation from theoretical & field tests.

Page | 3
IX. COURSE OUTCOMES(COs):
Cos Course Outcome CLOs Course Learning Outcome

CO 1 Understand the need CLO 1 Understand the need and methods of Soil
and various methods of Exploration
soil exploration, CLO 2 Understand various methods of sampling and
planning and preparation boring
of soil investigation CLO 3 Learn how to perform field tests such as SPT,
report DCPT,CPT
CLO 4 Learn how to perform Plate Load test for finding
load bearing capacity, settlements of soils.
CLO 5 Understand the importance of geophysical
methods and Learn how to prepare Soil
investigation Report.
CO 2 Analyze the stability of CLO 6 Analyze failure of infinite slopes and Analyze
slopes by various types of failures for finite slopes.
methods CLO 7 Learn how to find Stability of slopes by Swedish
arc Method and by Method of Slices.
CLO 8 Find Stability of slopes by Taylor’s Stability
number
CLO 9 Learn how to find stability of slopes by Bishops
method.
CLO 10 Understand basic concepts of Stability of slopes
of earth dam under different conditions.
CO 3 Understand various CLO 11 Understand concepts of earth pressure theories for
earth pressure theories stability of Retaining walls
and stability of retaining CLO 12 Calculate active and passive earth pressures from
walls at various Rankine’s earth pressure theories
conditions CLO 13 Calculate active and passive earth pressures from
Coulomb’s & Culmann’s Method
CLO 14 Asses the stability of retaining wall against
overturning,sliding, bearing capacity.
CLO 15 Understand the concepts of safe bearing capacity,
ultimate bearing capacity etc.,
CO 4 Understand shallow and CLO 16 Calculate the bearing capacity of shallow
deep foundations foundation using Terzaghi, Meyerhof, Skempton
according to various and IS Methods.
bearing capacity theories CLO 17 Calculate the load carrying capacity of pile using
and analyze Pile static,dynamic pile formula and pile load test
foundations in various CLO 18 Calculate load carrying capacity of pile group in
different soils sandsand clay.
CLO 19 Calculate settlement of pile group.
CLO 20 Understand the stability of foundations on
expansive soils and marine soils.
CO 5 Understand various CLO 21 Learn different shapes of well & components of
shapes and components Well Foundation
of wells and analyze, CLO 22 Understand shrinking of well, tilts and shifts.
design according to IRC
CLO 23 Analyze various forces acting on well.
guidelines
CLO 24 Understand the principle of analysis and design
ofwells, Seismic analysis and IRC guidelines.

Page | 4
X. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES(CLOs):
CLO CLO’s At the end of the course, the student will have the PO’s Strength of
Code ability to: Mapped Mapping
ACE018.01 CLO 1 Understand the need and methods of Soil PO 3 2
Exploration
ACE018.02 CLO 2 Understand various methods of sampling and boring PO 3 1
ACE018.03 CLO 3 Learn how to perform field tests such as SPT, PO 3, PO 6 2
DCPT,
CPT
ACE018.04 CLO 4 Learn how to perform Plate Load test for finding PO 3 2
load
bearing capacity, settlements of soils
ACE018.05 CLO 5 Learn how to perform in-situ test using pressure PO 3 3
meter
ACE018.06 CLO 6 Understand the importance of geophysical methods PO 3, PO 6 2
ACE018.07 CLO 7 Learn how to prepare Soil investigation Report PO 3 1
ACE018.08 CLO 8 Understand basic concepts of earth slopes PO 3, PO 6, 2
PO 1
ACE018.09 CLO 9 Analyze failure of infinite slopes PO 3, PO 6, 2
PO 1
ACE018.10 CLO 10 Analyze types of failures for finite slopes PO 3, PO 6, 2
PO 1
ACE018.11 CLO 11 Learn how to find Stability of slopes by Swedish arc PO 3, PO6, 2
Method PO 1, PO2
ACE018.12 CLO 12 Learn how to find Stability of slopes by Method of PO 3, PO6, 2
Slices for slopes PO 1, PO2
ACE018.13 CLO 13 Find Stability of slopes by Taylor’s Stability PO 3, PO6, 2
number PO 1, PO2
ACE018.14 CLO 14 Understand basic concepts of Stability of slopes of PO 3, PO 2 2
earth dam under different conditions
ACE018.15 CLO 15 Understand concepts of earth pressure theories for PO 2, PO 3 2
stability of Retaining walls
ACE018.16 CLO 16 Calculate active and passive earth pressures from PO 1, PO 2, 2
Rankine’s earth pressure theories PO 3
ACE018.17 CLO 17 Calculate active and passive earth pressures from PO 1, PO 2, 2
Coulomb’s &Culmann’s Method PO 3
ACE018.18 CLO 18 Asses the stability of retaining wall against PO 2, PO 3, 2
overturning, PO 6
sliding, bearing capacity
ACE018.19 CLO 19 Understand the concepts of safe bearing capacity, PO 2, PO 3, 2
ultimate bearing capacity etc., PO 6
ACE018.20 CLO 20 Calculate the bearing capacity of shallow foundation PO 1, PO2, 2
using Terzaghi, Meyerhof, Skempton and IS PO 3, PO6
Methods.
ACE018.21 CLO 21 Calculate the load carrying capacity of pile using PO 3, PO 6 2
static,
dynamic pile formula and pile load test
ACE018.22 CLO 22 Calculate load carrying capacity of pile group in PO 1, PO2, 2
sands PO 3, PO6
and clay & settlement of pile group
ACE018.23 CLO 23 Learn different shapes of well & components of PO 1, PO 3 1
Well
Foundation
ACE018.24 CLO 24 Understand the principle of analysis and design of PO 3, PO 6 2
wells, Seismic analysis and IRC guidelines
3 = High; 2 = Medium; 1 = Low

Page | 5
XI. MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF PROGRAM
OUTCOMES:
Program Outcomes (POs) Programme specific
outcomes(PSOs)
Course
Outcomes PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 6 PSO1
(COs)
CO 1 2 2 2

CO 2 2 2 3 2

CO 3 2 2 2 3 2

CO 4 2 2 3 2 2

CO 5 2 2 3 2 2
3 = High; 2 = Medium; 1 = Low

XII. MAPPING COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT

OF PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFICOUTCOMES:
Program Specific
Program Outcomes (POs)
Outcomes (PSOs)
CLO
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

CLO 1 2 2

CLO 2 1 2

CLO 3 2 2 3

CLO 4 2 3

CLO 5 3 3

CLO 6 2 2 2

CLO 7 1 2

CLO 8 2 2 3 3

CLO 9 2 2 2 3

CLO 10 3 2 3 2

CLO 11 1 2 2 3 3

CLO 12 2 3 2 2 2

CLO 13 3 3 2 3 3

CLO 14 2 3 1

CLO 15 2 3 2

CLO 16 2 3 2 3

CLO 17 2 3 2 3
Page | 6
 Program Specific
Program Outcomes (POs)
Outcomes (PSOs)
CLO
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

CLO 18 2 3 2 1

CLO 19 2 3 3 2

CLO 20 1 2 3 2 3

CLO 21 3 2 2

CLO 22 1 2 3 3 2

CLO 23 2 1 1

CLO 24 3 2 2

3=High; 2 = Medium; 1 = Low

XIII. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES –DIRECT

PO 1,PO2, PO 1,PO2,
CIE Exams SEE Exams Assignments PO 1, PO 2 Seminars PO 3
PO3,PO6, PO3,PO6,
PSO1 PSO1
Laboratory PO 1,
- Student Viva - Mini Project -
Practices PO 3, PO 6 Certification
Term Paper -

XIV. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES -INDIRECT

✔ Early Semester Feedback ✔ End Semester OBE Feedback

✘ Assessment of Mini Projects by Experts

XV. SYLLABUS
Unit-I SOIL EXPLORATION
Need and methods of soil exploration, boring and sampling methods, pits and trenches, drifts and shafts,
methods of boring, auger borings, wash borings, rotary drilling, percussion drilling, core drilling, types of
soil samples, disturbed samples, undisturbed samples, design features affecting the sample disturbance,
split spoon samplers, scraper bucket samplers, shell by tubes and thin walled samplers, piston samplers,
preservation and handling of samples. penetration tests, monotonic and cyclic, field permeability tests,
insitu tests using pressure meter, observation of ground water table, instrumentation
insoilengineering,straingauges,resistanceandinductancetypeplateloadtest,pressuremeter,
geophysical methods, planning of programme and preparation of soil investigation report.
Unit-II SLOPE STABILITY
Infinite and finite earth slopes, types of failures, factor of safety of infinites lopes, stability analysis by
Swedish arc method, standard method of slices, Bishop’s Simplified method, Taylor’s Stability number,
and stability f slopes of earth dams under different conditions
Unit-III EARTH PRESSURE THEORIES AND RETAINING WALLS
Rankine’s theory of earth pressure, earth pressures in layered soils, Coulomb’s earth pressure theory,
Culmann’s graphical method.Types of retaining walls, stability of retaining walls against overturning,
sliding, bearing capacity and drainage from backfill.

Page | 7
 Unit-IV SHALLOW AND DEEP FOUNDATIONS
Types, choice of foundation, location of depth, safe bearing capacity, Terzaghi, Meyerhof, Skemptonand
IS Methods. Safe bearing pressure based on N value, allowable bearing pressure, safe bearing capacity,
plate load test, allowable settlements of structures, Analysis of foundation, individual, strip, combined
footingsandmatfoundationsconventional,elasticapproach,soilstructureinteractionprinciples.Typesof piles,
load carrying capacity of piles based on static pile formulae in dynamic pile formulae, pile load
tests,loadcarryingcapacityofpilegroupsinsandsandclays,settlementofpilegroups.Introductionto
foundations on expansive soils and marine foundations.
Unit-V WELL FOUNDATIONS
Different shapes of wells, components of well, sinking of well, tilts and shifts, principles of analysis and
design, seismic influences, IRC guidelines
Text Books:
1. B. M. Das, “Principles of foundation engineering” Cengage Learning,2012.
2. GopalRanjan and A.S.R. Rao , “Basic and applied soil mechanics” New age international Pvt. Ltd.
2004.
3. V.N.S Murthy ,”Geotechnical Engineering: Principles and practices of soils mechanics and
foundation engineering”, Taylor & Francis Group,2002.
Reference Books:
1. C. Venkataramiah, “Geotechnical engineering”, New Age International Pvt. Ltd,2002.
2. Manojdutta and Gulati, “Geotechnical engineering”, Tata McGrawhill publishers New Delhi,2005.
3. K.R .Arora, “Soil mechanics and foundation engineering”, standard publishers and distributors,New
Delhi, 2005.
4. B.C. Punmia, Ashok Kumar Jain and Arun Kumar Jain, “Soil mechanics and foundation”, Laxmi
publications Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi,2005.
Web References:
1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105107120/1#
2. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civil,and,environmental,engineering/1,364,advanced,geotechnical,engin
eering,fall,2003/index.html

XVI. COURSEPLAN:
The course plan is meant as a guideline. Probably there may be changes.
Course
Lecture Topics to be covered Learning
Reference
No Outcomes
(CLOs)
1-2 Introduction to Soil Exploration CLO 1 T1:1.1, R2:2.2
3 Methods of soil Exploration CLO 1 T1:1.4, R2:2.3
4 Types of Boring CLO 2 T:6.6, R2:2.6
5-6 Soil Sampling methods CLO 2 T1:3.1, R2:2.8
7 Standard Penetration test (SPT) CLO 4 T3:3.15,R2:2.9
CLO 3 T1:3.3,
8-9 Plate Load test
R2:2.10
CLO 3 T1:3.8,
10-11 In-situ test using a pressure meter
R2:2.11
CLO 4 T1:3.9,
12-13 Planning & Preparation of Soil investigation report
R2:2.12
CLO 3 T1:4.3,
14 Introduction to infinite and finite earth slopes
R2:2.13
15-16 Types of failures CLO 5 T1:5.9, R1:3.1
17-18 FOS of infinite slopes CLO 5 T1:5.4, R1:3.2
CLO 6 T1:5.4.1,
19-20 Stability Analysis by Swedish arc Method
R1:3.3
21-22 Method of Slices for Analysis of finite slopes CLO 7 T1:5.6, R1:3.4

Page | 8
 Course
Lecture Topics to be covered Learning
Reference
No Outcomes
(CLOs)
CLO 8 T1:5.8,
23-24 Bishop’s Simplified method
R1:3.4.1
CLO 12 T1:6.9 to 6.10,
25-26 Taylor’s Stability number
R1:3.5
CLO 11 T1:6.5,
27 Stability of slopes of earth dam under different conditions
R1:3.5.2
28-30 Introduction to earth pressure theories CLO 13 T1:6.3 , R1:3.6
CLO 14 T1:7.22,
31 Rakine’s earth pressure theories
R2:4.6
CLO 15 T1:7.22,
32-34 Columb’s earth pressure theories
R2:4.7
CLO 16 T1:12.6.1, R1:
35-37 Culman’s graphical method
4.1
CLO 16 T1:12.6.2, R1:
38 Introduction and types of Retaining walls
4.1.2
Stability of Retaining walls against overturning, Sliding, bearing CLO 17 T1:12.6.2, R1:
39-40
capacity. 4.2
CLO 17 T1:12.6.2, R1:
41-42 Drainage for Backfill
4.3
CLO 17 T1:12.6.3, R1:
43-44 Introduction to Shallow foundations
4.4
45-46 Depth of foundation CLO 18 T1:7.4, R1: 6.1
CLO 19 T1:10.2.1, R1:
47-49 Safe bearing capacity
6.4
CLO 19 T1:10.2.4, R1:
50-52 Terzaghi Method
6.6
53-54 Meyerhof Method CLO 18 T1:10.7, R1: 6.7
CLO 20 T1:8.4.2, R2:
55-57 Skempton Method
8.1
58-60 IS Code methods for bearing capacity CLO 21 T1:8.8, R2: 8.2
Safe bearing pressure based on N- Value, Allowable bearing CLO 21 T1:8.12.2, R2:
61-62
pressure & Settlements, plate load test 8.2.4
63-64 Introduction to Well foundation and there types CLO 23 T1:8.11.3, R2:
8.4
CLO 23 T1:8.11.2, R2:
65-66 Different shapes of wells & Components of Wells
8.5
67-68 Sinking of Wells & Measures for rectification of tilts and Silts CLO 24 T1:8.12, R2: 8.6

XVII. GAPS IN THE SYLLABUS - TO MEET INDUSTRY / PROFESSIONREQUIREMENTS:

S No Description Proposed Relevance with Relevance with
actions POs PSOs
1 Different Methods to increase the Seminars/Guest PO 3 PSO 1
stability of slopes Lectures/NPTEL
2 Determination of Active and Seminars/Guest
PO 2 PSO 1
passive earth pressure by friction Lectures/NPTEL
circle method
3 Design of foundation for expansive Seminars/NPTEL PO 3 PSO 1
soils

Prepared by:

Ms.U.Deepthi, Assistant Professor HOD, CE

Mr. N. Venkat Rao, Associate Professor
Page | 9