Science 9 Reviewer

Science Reviewer- Quarter 3 2.
Cinder Cone – Built from ejected lava

fragments, have steep slope , wide crater and the
Module 1 – Volcanoes most abundant of the three major volcanic types
Example: Paricutin Volcano, Mexico
Module 2 --Climate 3.Stratovolcanoes – also known as stratovolcanoes
Module 3 – Climate Change -Large, nearly and pyroclastic deposits
Module 4 – Constellations LESSON 2 – TYPES OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

 Volcanoes have various types of eruption
MODULE 1 - Volcanoes Reasons of volcanic eruptions:
CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES OF *magma’s temperature

*chemical composition
VOLCANOES
*amount of dissolved gasses they contain
Volcano- is a vent or hill/mountain from
 Viscosity – property of the materials resistance
which molten or hot rocks with gaseous to flow.
materials have been ejected. Also described as the liquids thickness
and stickiness.
-Described also as CRATER,  The more viscous and thicker the
DEPRESSIONS , HILLS OR MOUNTAINS materials is , the greater its resistance to
flow.
Formed from the ejected as accumulated on the  The temperature of magma increases
earth’s surface. the viscosity decreases and vice versa
 Some volcanoes may show one type of eruption
PHILVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology while others show various types of eruption
and Seismology during an interval of activity.
Philippines – Is along the Pacific ring of fire, TYPES OF VOLCANIC

situated at the boundaries of 2 tectonic plates; ERUPTIONS
1.) PHREATIC/ HYDROTHERMAL
Philippine Sea plate & Eurasian plate.
- When hot rocks come contact
- Is home to more than hundred in water. Called stream-driven
volcanoes situated on different eruption.
parts of our country.
- Example : Bulusan Volcano
2 classifications of volcanoes acc to Volcanologists. -
*Active and Inactive 2.) Phreatomagmatic- Violent
eruption due to the contact
1.) Active Volcanoes – Has a record of eruption
between magma and water.
within the last 600 years.
Results are large columns of very
Examples are: Mayon Volcano, Taal Volcano, Mt. fine ash and high speed and
Pinatubo and Mt. Bulusan sideway emission of pyroclastics
2.) Inactive Volcanoes – Has no record of eruptions cause base surges are observed.
for the last 10,000 years.
Examples are : Mt. Makiling , Mr. Arayat and Mt. 3.) Strombolian – Fountain lava,
Apo bursting of huge clots , lava from
the volcano’s summit displayed
External Parts of a Volcano
forming a luminous are form
1. Summit – Opening which may either be a
crater or caldera
2. Crater – Funnel shaped at the top of a
volcano
4.) Vulcanian – 20km high
3. Caldera- Is formed when a part of the wall pyroclastic flow
collapses ff. an explosive eruption Ex: Paricutin volcano ; Mexico
Take note:
5.) Plinian – Most powerful and
*Volcanoes can have a one crater like Mayon Volcano. deadliest type of eruption
*Taal Volcano have 47 craters (Mt. St. Helen and Mt. Pinatubo)
Shapes and Sizes of a volcano
1. Shield Volcano – formed from the accumulation
of lava that ozoes out from the volcano
Example: Mauna Loa Volcano ; Hawaii
MODULE 2 – CLIMATE Global warming -can bring about rising of
the sea level due to the melting of ice caps
Climate – is the general pattern of weather in a and glaciers.
certain area over a long period of time over a long
period of time. Greenhouse gases – are gases in the earth’s
atmosphere that trap heat.
Weather - is the condition of the atmosphere at a
specific place and time. The main greenhouse gases are:
Latitude – the specific north and south grid 1.water vapor 4.nitrous oxide
positions on earth ranging from 0 degrees at the 2.ozone 5.Methane
equator to 90 degrees at the poles
3.carbon dioxide 6.Chlorofluorocarbons
Factors affecting climate:
 Scientists are worried that human
1. Altitude – height of an area above sea activities are adding too much of these
level .it affect the place’s air gases to the atmosphere.
temperature. 1.water vapor – this is water in gas form.
- It stands 5895 above sea level
2. carbon dioxide – made up of carbon and
 As the altitude increases, the air temp oxygen
decreases
3.methane – second most important
 For every 1000m/1km , there is a contributor to human caused global
drop of 6.5 degree celcius warming.
 Air become light and cant absorb
4.ozone – helps protect us from powerful
much heat. Ultimately, the decrease rays.
in air temperature.
2. Topography 5.nitrous oxide- natural part of the nitrogen
-is another factor that affects the cycle
climate of a certain place. 6.chlorofluoro carbons – fluorinated gases
aren’t created in nature.
3.Ocean Currents -Act much like a
conveyor belt transporting warm water and EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE:
precipitation from the equator. 1.TEMPERATURE WILL CONTINUE TO
RISE
 Loops or gyres –
*in the northern hemisphere , the 2.FROST FREE SEASON
currents flows in a clockwise 3.EXTREME WEATHER
direction 4.RISING OF SEAS
*in the southern hemisphere, the
current flows counterclockwise 5.WARMER, MORE ACIDIC OCEAN
 These clockwise and 6. EL NINO AND LA NINA
counterclockwise are caused by the
El Nino – warm phase
CORIOLIS EFFECT La Nina – cold phase
4.Latitude – The specific north and
El Nino – means little boy or
south grid positions on earth from 0
Christ Child in Spanish.
degrees to 90 degrees at the poles.
- Was originally recognized by
 Most of the sun’s rays strike
fishermen off the coast of
vertically in places near the
south America.
equator , this makes the
temperature higher in these areas , La Nina- Means little girl in
resulting in warm climate Spanish.
5.Surrounding bodies of water
CLIMATE CHANGE
-Is one of the most current worldwide
issues.
-is the global phenomenon of climate
transformation characterized by the
changes in the usual climate.

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Science Reviewer- Quarter 3 2.

Cinder Cone – Built from ejected lava

Module 4 – Constellations LESSON 2 – TYPES OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES OF *magma’s temperature

Philippines – Is along the Pacific ring of fire, TYPES OF VOLCANIC

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