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PART OF SPEECH CONJUNCTIONS- A conjunction is a part of
speech used as a “joiner” for words, phrases, or

 A part of speech is a term used in clauses in a particular sentence. It links these
traditional grammar for one of the words or groups of words together.
eight main categories into which words
are classified according to their Ex- I have two goldfish and a cat.
functions in sentences.
INTERJECTIONS- words used to express strong
 They are also known as word classes, feeling or sudden emotion. They are included in
the building blocks of grammar. a sentence (usually at the start) to express a
sentiment such as surprise, disgust, joy,
NOUNS- words that function as the name of excitement, or enthusiasm.
thing or set of things, such as living creatures,
objects, places, actions, qualities and ideas. Ex- Good! Now we can move on
NOMINALIZATION- a process of creating nouns Common nouns are not capitalized unless it is
from other parts of speech like verbs and positioned in the beginning of the sentence,
adjectives. used as a proper title, or used as a form of
address.
NOMINAL ADJECTIVE- it is an adjective that
performs a function of a noun in a sentence. It Examples:
can be a subject or an object.
1. The governor made a speech. (In this
PRONOUNS- Pronouns make up a small sentence, the term “governor” will only
subcategory of nouns. The distinguishing be capitalized if it is used as a proper
characteristic of pronouns is that they can be title just like in the second sentence.)
substituted for other nouns.
2. “Mother knows best.” (In this example,
Ex- he, him, they, we, I, she, her, us, you, me “mother” is a common noun. It is only
capitalized because it is in the beginning
Possessive Adjective – it sits before the noun or of the sentence.)
pronoun.
Proper Nouns
VERBS- Verb is the action word in a sentence
that describes what the subject is doing. The language we call Old English was spoken
during the middle ages.
Ex- The instructor addressed the student’s
question -Old English is a proper noun and language is a
common noun.
ADJECTIVES- Adjectives are words that describe
or modify nouns. Concrete Nouns- You can recognize these
nouns using your five senses (visual, gustatory,
Ex- On her birthday, Brenda received an olfactory, tactile, and auditory).
antique vase.
Ex- “The sunset unfurled ribbons of red, purple,
ADVERBS- An adverb describes or modifies a and gold across the sky.”
verb, an adjective, or another adverb, but never
a noun. -In this example, sunset is a concrete
noun because it is something that can be seen
Ex- The storm ceased suddenly. by your naked eyes.
PREPOSITIONS- It shows relationship of a noun Abstract Nouns- nouns that name idea,
or pronoun to another part of the sentence. It concept, quality, emotion, and event
can indicate time, place or relationships.
Ex- I prefer to read in the library.

Compound Nouns- nouns made up of two or  Metaphorical Gender
more words acting as a single unit.
Vehicle
*When we say inflected verb, extra letters such
Ships and cars often take feminine gender. Car
as: -s/ -es / -ies / -ing were added to a verb
being considered as feminine is especially
word.
practiced in informal settings and when spoken
Hyphenated Compound Nouns- produced of by men.
when a verb is used with an adverb to form a
 Nations
noun
Personification of nations was employed in
Ex- mark-by, sign-off, take-out, made-up
wartime propaganda. Actually, Philippines is
Combined Compound Nouns- Look like one also considered feminine because many
word Filipinos called her, “Inang Bayan”. This is also
seen in European nations like, Mother Russia
Ex- bookstore, notebook, waistcoat, fireman
and England and her colonies. Until male
Collective Nouns- talk about group of things, personification later arrived like Uncle Sam for
animals, or people United States.
Countable Nouns- It can be used with articles a,  Earth

an and the or quantifiers like few or many.
Our planet is often called “Mother Earth”
Non-countable Nouns- items that are because of its association with fertility and
impossible to count. Unlike countable, you nurturing.
cannot use a/ an with uncountable nouns. In
same way, you do not add s/es in the end
Number in Nouns- Nouns can be singular or

plural in number. When we say singular, it
refers to only one count of noun. For example,
professor, doctor, senator, crocodile, body bag.
While, plural nouns are words used to

emphasize that there is more than one person,
animal, place, thing, or idea.
GENDER OF NOUN
Masculine refers to a person or animal of male

kind.
Feminine refers to a person or animal of female

kind.
Common refers to nouns that are either male or

female.
Neuter refers to genderless inanimate objects.
Metaphorical Gender
 the phenomena of imposing masculinity

or femininity on sexless objects and
abstract concepts

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PART OF SPEECH CONJUNCTIONS- A conjunction is a part of

speech used as a “joiner” for words, phrases, or

Ex- I prefer to read in the library.

Countable Nouns- It can be used with articles a,  Earth

Number in Nouns- Nouns can be singular or

While, plural nouns are words used to

Masculine refers to a person or animal of male

Feminine refers to a person or animal of female

Common refers to nouns that are either male or

Neuter refers to genderless inanimate objects.

 the phenomena of imposing masculinity

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