Physics

A Project Report
Submitted to the Department of Physic,

Takshashila Academy, Samakhusi
in the partial fulfillment for the requirement of NEB+2
Science in Physics
BY
Sabin Giri
Class: XII
Section: S4
Date: 2079/12/22
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is certify that Mr. Sabin Giri has successfully carried out the
project. Entitled “TO Study The Applications Of AC And DC In
Daily Life” under my guidance and supervision.
I recommend this project for the +2 degree of NEB
……………………………………
Supervisor
Mr. Prem Ghimere
Department of Physics
Takshashila Academy
Samakhusi, Kathmandu, Nepal
2
ABSTRACT
This study explores the various applications of AC and DC

in daily life. AC, or alternating current, is commonly used
to power household appliances, lighting, and electronic
devices. DC, or direct current, is commonly used in
batteries and electronic devices. The study discusses the
differences between AC and DC, as well as their
advantages and disadvantages. Examples of AC
applications include home electricity, electric motors, and
generators. Examples of DC applications include batteries,
electronic devices, and electric vehicles. The study also
explores how AC and DC are used in industries such as
transportation, telecommunications, and healthcare.
Overall, the study provides a comprehensive overview of
the important roles that AC and DC play in modern society
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to convey my heartfelt gratitude to Mr. Prem

Ghimere for his tremendous support and assistance in the
completion of my project. I would also like to thank our
Principal Netra Prashad Neupane for providing me with this
wonderful opportunity to work on a project with the topic “TO
study the Application of AC and DC in daily life”. The of the
completion project would not have been possible without their
help and insights.
4
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page
RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………………………..2
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………….3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………….4
TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………………..5
INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….6-8
MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………..9
RESULTS……………………………………………………………………..10
DISSCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS………………………………11
REFERENCE…………………………………………………………………12
5
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Electricity is a fundamental force of nature that has

revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicates. It
powers our homes, businesses, and industries, and enables us
to harness the power of machines and technology. However,
there are two types of electrical current that are used to power
our world - direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). In
this article, we will explore the characteristics, applications, and
differences between these two types of electrical currents.
1.1.1 Alternating Current:
Alternating current (AC) is a type of electrical current that
periodically reverses direction. It is widely used to power
electrical devices and appliances in homes, businesses, and
industries. The development of AC power systems
revolutionized the way electricity is generated, distributed, and
consumed. Unlike direct current (DC), which flows continuously
in one direction, AC can be easily transformed into different
voltages and transmitted over long distances with minimal
energy loss. This made it possible to build large power plants
that could supply electricity to entire cities and regions. Today,
AC power is the dominant form of electricity worldwide and is
used to power everything from light bulbs to complex industrial
equipment. Understanding the principles of AC power is
essential for anyone interested in the field of electrical
engineering or working with electrical systems.
6
1.1.2 Direct Current
Direct current (DC) is a type of electrical current that flows in a
constant direction, typically from a battery or other power
source with a steady voltage output. Unlike alternating current
(AC), which periodically reverses direction, DC flows in a single
direction and is used for a variety of applications in electronics,
power transmission, and industrial processes. While DC is less
commonly used for long-distance power transmission
compared to AC, it is widely used in electronic devices and low-
voltage applications such as battery-powered devices,
electronic circuits, and motors. Understanding the principles of
direct current is fundamental to the field of electrical
engineering and has numerous practical applications in modern
technology.
7
1.2 Objectives of study
 Understanding the basic concepts and principles
of AC and DC currents
 Understanding the differences between AC and
DC currents
 Understanding the applications of AC and DC
currents in various devices and systems
 Identifying the advantages and disadvantages of
AC and DC currents
 Developing skills in electrical engineering and
technology
8
CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS
Both primary and secondary data were used for the study.
Primary data on AC and DC current were collected through
observation of different home electric appliances and device,
different lab experiments about AC and DC current, key
informant interviews with the physics teacher and lab helper.
Secondary data were collected through different books,
magazines and the newspapers. Furthermore, we also read
some of the articles and the remaining information were
gathered through internet.
9
CHAPTER 3: RESULTS
After the study of applications of AC and DC current the

following result were found:
 AC is used primarily for the distribution of electrical
power over long distances because it can be
transmitted over high-voltage power lines with low
energy losses. AC is also used in home and office
electrical systems, where it powers appliances,
lighting, and electronic devices. The main advantage
of AC is that it can be easily stepped up or down in
voltage using transformers, which is important for
efficient transmission and distribution of electrical
power.
 DC, on the other hand, is used primarily in electronic
devices such as computers, smart phones, and other
portable devices, as well as in electric vehicles and
renewable energy systems such as solar panels and
wind turbines. DC is also used in some industrial
applications where precise control over voltage and
current is required. The main advantage of DC is that
it is easier to control and more efficient for certain
applications, such as charging batteries or powering
electric motors.
10
CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
The overall study of applications of AC and DC current was

found to be excellent. The study of AC and DC current is
important for understanding the principles and concepts
behind these electrical currents, and for identifying the
advantages and disadvantages of each type of current in
different situations. It was found that AC and DC currents have
different properties and behaviors, which make them suitable
for different applications. Studying the applications of AC and
DC currents is important for understanding how these electrical
currents are used in our daily lives, and for developing skills in
electrical engineering and technology. It is also essential for
making informed decisions about which type of current to use
in different applications and situations.
11
CHAPTER 5: REFERENCE
I wrote about half of the answer in this report with the help of
Chatgpt of OpenAI.
For some of the answer I took help of internet and I wrote the
remaining answer on my own.
12

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A Project Report

Submitted to the Department of Physic,

I recommend this project for the +2 degree of NEB

This study explores the various applications of AC and DC

I would like to convey my heartfelt gratitude to Mr. Prem

Electricity is a fundamental force of nature that has

After the study of applications of AC and DC current the

The overall study of applications of AC and DC current was

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