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    Application of Recombinant DNA

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    Tobias Domenite P.
    This document discusses the applications of recombinant DNA technology and genetically modified organisms. It describes how genetic engineering is used to alter organisms by transferring genes between different species in ways not possible through natural reproduction. The applications discussed include using genetic engineering in medicine to mass produce drugs, in industry to generate chemicals and degrade toxic materials, and in agriculture to develop crop plants with desired traits like increased yield, nutrition, and resistance to pests and disease. Energy production is also discussed as an application area, with the goal of developing fast-growing energy crops and converting biomass into fuels.

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    Application of Recombinant DNA

    Uploaded by

    Tobias Domenite P.
    48 views2 pages
    This document discusses the applications of recombinant DNA technology and genetically modified organisms. It describes how genetic engineering is used to alter organisms by transferring genes between different species in ways not possible through natural reproduction. The applications discussed include using genetic engineering in medicine to mass produce drugs, in industry to generate chemicals and degrade toxic materials, and in agriculture to develop crop plants with desired traits like increased yield, nutrition, and resistance to pests and disease. Energy production is also discussed as an application area, with the goal of developing fast-growing energy crops and converting biomass into fuels.

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    This document discusses the applications of recombinant DNA technology and genetically modified organisms. It describes how genetic engineering is used to alter organisms by transferring genes between different species in ways not possible through natural reproduction. The applications discussed include using genetic engineering in medicine to mass produce drugs, in industry to generate chemicals and degrade toxic materials, and in agriculture to develop crop plants with desired traits like increased yield, nutrition, and resistance to pests and disease. Energy production is also discussed as an application area, with the goal of developing fast-growing energy crops and converting biomass into fuels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    48 views2 pages

    Application of Recombinant DNA

    Uploaded by

    Tobias Domenite P.
    This document discusses the applications of recombinant DNA technology and genetically modified organisms. It describes how genetic engineering is used to alter organisms by transferring genes between different species in ways not possible through natural reproduction. The applications discussed include using genetic engineering in medicine to mass produce drugs, in industry to generate chemicals and degrade toxic materials, and in agriculture to develop crop plants with desired traits like increased yield, nutrition, and resistance to pests and disease. Energy production is also discussed as an application area, with the goal of developing fast-growing energy crops and converting biomass into fuels.

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    Transgenic Organisms

    • These are organisms altered by genetic engineering. The


    genetic material can be changed by other than random
    natural breeding or by gene transfer which is the moving of a
    gene from one organism to another.

    Genetically Modified Organisms


    • Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are living organisms
    whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a
    laboratory through genetic engineering. This creates
    combinations of plant, animal, bacteria, and virus genes that
    do not occur in nature or through traditional crossbreeding
    methods.

    Applications of Recombinant DNA

    1. Medicine Application

    • Genetic engineering has been used to mass-produce insulin,


    human growth hormones, follistim (for treating infertility),
    human albumin, monoclonal antibodies, antihemophilic
    factors, vaccines, and many other drugs.

    2. Industrial Application
    • Genetically designed bacteria are put into use for generating
    industrial chemicals. A variety of organic chemicals can be
    synthesized at large scale with the help of genetically
    engineered microorganisms. Glucose can be synthesized
    from sucrose with the help of enzymes obtained from
    genetically modified organisms.
    • Bacteria that metabolize petroleum and other toxic materials
    have been developed.
    • Scorpion toxin gene has been inserted into autographa
    California multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV)
    which kills cabbage looper and reduce crop damages.
    • Development of new strains for additional bioprocesses
    3. Agricultural Application
    • An important application of recombinant DNA technology is
    to alter the genotype of crop plants to make them more
    productive, nutritious, rich in proteins, disease resistant, and
    less fertilizer consuming. Recombinant DNA technology and
    tissue culture techniques can produce high yielding cereals,
    pulses and vegetable crops.
    Scientists have developed transgenic potato, tobacco, cotton,
    corn, strawberry, grape seeds that are resistant to insect pests
    and certain weedicides.
    • Genes of interest is inserted into plant with Ti plasmid
    obtained from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
    • Pseudomonas syringae that protects plants from frost
    damage is used against plant frost damage because they
    lack the protein that induce the formation of ice-crystals.
    • Insertion of Bacillus thuringiensis that produces a protein
    which is toxic to insects but not to humans.

    4. Energy Production
    • Recombinant DNA technology has tremendous scope in
    energy production. Through this technology Li is now
    possible to bioengineer energy crops or biofuels that grow
    rapidly to yield huge biomass that used as fuel or can be
    processed into oils, alcohols, diesels, or other energy
    products.

    • The waste from these can be converted into methane.


    Genetic engineers are trying to transfer gene for cellulase to
    proper organisms which can be used to convert wastes like
    sawdust and cornstalks first to sugar and then to alcohol.

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