RESEARCH PROPOSAL

A research proposal is a document proposing a research project, generally in

the sciences or academia, and generally constitutes a request for sponsorship of that research. A
research proposal is a written document that provides an overview of the project, why it is
important, and what is needed to get it done.

Research proposals generally address several key points:

I. What research question or questions will be addressed, and how they will be addressed
II. How much time and expense will be required for the research
III. What prior research has been done on the topic
IV. How the results of the research will be evaluated
V. How the research will benefit the sponsoring organization and other parties

Types of research proposal

1. Solicited proposals: meaning that they are submitted in response to a request with
specified requirements, such as a request for proposal
2. Unsolicited proposals: meaning they are submitted without prior request.
3. Pre-proposals: where a letter of intent or brief abstract is submitted for review prior to
submission of a full proposal
4. Continuation proposals: which re-iterate an original proposal and its funding
requirements in order to ensure continued funding
5. Renewal proposals: which seek continued sponsorship of a project which would
otherwise be terminated.
6. Academic proposals: are generally written as part of the initial requirements of writing
a thesis, research paper, or dissertation

Assumptions
1. Research proposal is not the same thing as essay writing. It structure or format are different
2. It use Formal tone and not informal because its address an organization or the public
3. It is not only a project can also be a plan
4. It does not only evaluate a problem but also give the answers to every problem
5. It’s not only written for a school project but also for work purpose or a conference meeting
6. In research proposal references are one of the keys that defends writers from plagiarism
7. Not all research proposal mentions the format as the subtopic. E.g. A research proposal
Introducing the reader with a subtopic INTRODUCTION
8. Abstract, Budget, work plan, bibliography are component of research proposal but not the
main component
Research Proposal Format
1. Title: Provide a brief and meaningful title to your project. Must not be too long or too
short. i.e. “Validation of in-stream habitat models for the Fenton River, Storrs,
Connecticut”
2. Introduction: Background or development section provides a description of the basic facts
and importance of the research area. You need to state
a. What is your research area?
b. The motivation of your research?
c. How important is it for the industrial practice or knowledge advancement?
3. Problem Statement: it explains why you are forming a research proposal, why you are
forming research in that topic because. Problem statement should create a clear and concise
description of the issues that need to be addressed
a. What is the specific problem in that research area that you will address?
For example lack of understanding of a subject, low performance etc.
4. Objective: They provide a list of goals that will be achieved through the proposed research
a. What are the benefits or impact will be generated if the research problem is answered?
b. Why would we allow this research to be done?
5. Preliminary literature review: A literature review is a comprehensive summary,
overview or study of previous research on a topic. It provide a summary of previous related
research on the research problem, their strength, weakness and a justification of your
research. What to find out
a. What is known, what have been done by others?
b. Why your research is still necessary?
6. Research Methodologies: Research methodology is a specific procedures or techniques
used to identify, select, process and analyze information about a topic.
a. What to do and how to solve the problem and achieve proposed objective?
b. Which research methods (e.g. survey, modeling, case study …) will be used
c. Attach a project schedule table, if necessary.
7. Reference: A Reference is a work such as a book or periodical to refer for information.
The information is intended to be found quickly. It very important because you reference
other peoples work otherwise it is stealing.
a. All factual material that is not original with you must be accompanied by a reference to
its source.
b. Follow the proper referencing guidelines as directed by the research approval
authorities
 The Effect of Poverty on Nigerian Education, Economy, Health and
How To It Can Be Alleviated

1. INTRODUCTION
According to Revise Sociology they defined Poverty into two concept “Absolute Poverty as when
people do not have enough money or resources to meet their basic needs such as lacking food,
water and shelter” while “Relative Poverty as when people don’t have enough money or
resources to live up to normal standards in a society often living below the (mid-point) income”
The root of poverty can be traced back to the year 1990 when the world bank and other agencies
have shown that since 1990 Nigeria is a poor nation and amongst the 40 poorest countries in the
world. Nationally 43% of Nigerians live below the poverty line, while another 25% (53 million)
are vulnerable. This issue can be solved when this nation invest in Infrastructure, Increase literacy
rate and skill development, Embrace technology, Expand Economic opportunities and invest in
healthcare. The world Social summit identified poverty eradication as an ethical, social, political
and economic imperative of mankind. In this research the government should address the root
causes of poverty and provide basic needs for all and ensure that the poor have access to
productive resources.

2. UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA
Unemployment is number one effect of poverty in Nigeria. The Oxford Dictionary defined
unemployment as the fact of a number of people not having a job or a number of people without a
job. Last year unemployment rate in Nigeria was 32.50% it increase to 33% in 2022 according to
WIKIPEDIA. When there are no jobs it has led so many in committing different malefactions
like Kidnapping for ransom. Recently, armed men invaded a church at Bayan Kasuwa in Kaduna
State abducting 45 people and nagging for 200 million to release their relatives. Imagine the
trauma of unemployment? Another thing is Internet Fraudulence, It as cause many youth to be
involve in scam. Some other factors like armed robbery too

Furthermore, President Muhammed Burahi in 2018 said Nigeria has a young population, that just
wants to sit and do nothing and get housing education and health for free” social media users and
reporters paraphrased Buhari to have said “Nigerian youth are lazy” Idleness as cause many to do
evil. News of people doing Ritual so they can be wealthy. This idleness as made many not to
understand what they mean by self-confidence instead they misunderstood with arrogance. Self-
confidence is accepting, trusting oneself and having a sense of control in life, it is also a positive
view of oneself. Lack of interest is another factor of idleness. Some people are not ready to make
impact, not interested in business, education or skill because they don’t want to go through stress.
In addition, Corruption runs through every level of Nigerian government. From considerable
contract fraud at the top, through petty bribery, money laundering schemes, embezzlement and
seizing salaries from fake workers. According to a research on corruption in Nigeria from
WIKIPEDIA. In effect, it has led people like the police, civil servant, government etc. to
greediness in money or power. It was reported on the 30th of May 2022 that Ahmed Idris a
financial accountant of the Federal Republic of Nigeria embezzled 90 billion naira.
Embezzlement among politicians, government officials is another key factor under corruption.
Bribery among police officers demanding for ransom or money cunningly among public drivers,
also the operative of Economic and financial crime commission who has been found guilty of
collecting bribes from Internet fraudsters and politicians. Corruption is an evidence that the
Federal government is operating with little concern for the broader public interest.

2.1 What are the ways to reduce Unemployment in Nigeria?

High-quality education can provide a long-term solution to poverty in Nigeria. When literacy rate
and skill development increase like when the government decide to help people in
entrepreneurship, education etc. it will reduce poverty this nation. It has been ascertain that high
quality education boots economic efficiency.

However, investing in healthcare will alleviate poverty. By investing in health and wellbeing of
people is an advantage of demographic dividends. There will be more general hospitals more
doctors, nurses, across the country. Nigeria’s basic healthcare system should be strengthened by
the Federal government will increase healthcare investment.

Moreover, Nigerian government should expand economic opportunities and embrace technology.
The government should raise minimum wages, provide high quality of Early Education, creating
pathways to jobs and also increasing access to healthy foods should be well organize. When this
country embrace technology it will lead to creativity and innovation of computer among Nigerian
youth. It will set a pace as Nigeria will be among the most technologically advanced countries in
the alongside Japan, United states, Germany and so on.

Investopedia elucidate on infrastructure as the basic physical systems of a business, region or

nation and often involves the production of public goods or production processes. Infrastructure
investment will boost power supplies, it will boost trade and economic growth. Some advantages
like having good roads and subway for faster transportations.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
According to Anthony Adewuyi a web developer of making money.ng states the causes of
poverty and its solutions. He made mention of corruption and how we can solve it when leaders
in all Nigerian sectors should be fair and trustworthy. He discuss on poor employment
opportunities how government should create many Job opportunities by establishing more
schools, organizations, industries etc. he made emphasis on idleness that people have gave birth
to many children without any source of income. To solve this problem one need to get a job, one
need to be productive (skill or Profession) to make money from a job. A conclusion was made in
this article that poverty is a complex problem and it takes cooperation from the government and
world class organizations to overcome it.

Adesuwa Agbonile (2017) a blogger also criticize on government corruption, the solution to this
is when a large amount of ransom stop gouging government officials pockets. Instead they use it
in infrastructures like roads, more power supplies and so on. Another is lack of Economic
infrastructure were he mention micro-credit as an important tool that will help farmers invest in
their crops and help entrepreneurs. Adesuwa discuss on poor access to Education especially in the
Northern part of Nigeria where Education is being disrelish. He says that education gives many
the skills they need. Lastly, is on poor access to healthcare in this article he examine the problems
of running low on healthcare professionals given us an infusion about WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION and UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN’S
EMERGENCY FUND.

4. CONCLUSION
In this research, unemployment, corruption and idleness has been analyzed as the main causes of
poverty in Nigeria. Some other factors like Economic infrastructure, poor access to health care
has been discuss thoroughly. How can this factor be tackled? Through Expanding economic
opportunities, Embracing technology, investing in healthcare, through high quality Education.
What people really need to know about this research is that Poverty alleviation will improve the
living conditions like safety, shelter, food, access to clean water, Increment in human capital.
REFERENCES
5. Thompson.K (2017, July 11) What is Poverty?
https://revisesociology.com/2017/07/11/what-is-poverty/

6. Wikimedia Foundation (2022) Poverty in Nigeria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_Nigeria

7. Chuwuemeka.S (2022, April 16) Ways to reduce poverty in Nigeria: 8 possible

solutions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_Nigeria

8. Wikimedia Foundation (2017, January) Corruption in Nigeria

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Nigeria

9. Boyle.M & Belluco,A (2022, July 14) Infrastructure Definition Meaning and
Examples
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/infrastructure.asp#:~:text=Investopedia
%20%2F%20Sydney%20Burns-,What%20Is%20Infrastructure%3F,%2C
%20water%2C%20and%20school%20systems.

10. Adewuyi,A (2022, July 19) 10 causes of poverty in Nigeria and solutions
https://www.makemoney.ng/causes-of-poverty-in-nigeria-and-solutions/

11. Wikimedia Foundations (2022, November 27) Poverty Reduction

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_reduction

12. Wikimedia Foundations (2022, May 25) Research Proposal

https://en.m.wikipedi a.org/wiki/Research_proposal

13. Bhattacharjee.S (2018, September 14) How to write a research Proposal?

https://youtu.be/I5dAbqJrp6U