KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA KUANTAN

SAND SIEVING MACHINE

This report submitted in accordance with requirement of the Kolej Kemahiran

Tinggi MARA Kuantan for the Diploma in Manufacturing Engineering
(Department name).

by

MUHAMMAD SAIFUL BIN MAHASAN

DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

(AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING)
2022

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 APPROVAL

This report is submitted to the Department of Automotive Manufacturing

KKTM Kuantan as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Diploma
in Manufacturing Engineering (Department). The member of the
supervisory committee is as follow:

(Signature of Supervisor)

………………………………

(Official Stamp of Supervisor)

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 DECLARATION

I hereby, declared this report entitled “Title of Final Year Project” is the
results of my own research except as cited in references.

Signature : ………………………………………….

Author’s Name : MUHAMMAD SAIFUL BIN MAHASAN

Date : …………………………………………

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 ABSTRACT

This project is about creating a sand sieving machine that will save
users time and energy. It also has other functions that are extremely useful. It
all started with designing the machine based on the specifications and
requirements. The sand siever machine is very important in the building
industries, also known as civil engineering, to ensure that all of the work is
done properly. There are many different types of sieving machines on the
market, but my own product is far superior to the competition. The primary
goal of this project is to make it easier for civil industry workers to separate
materials, whether they are sand or other materials. If this project is
successful, I will move on to the next stage of development.

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 ABSTRACT

Projek ini adalah tentang mencipta mesin penapis pasir yang akan
menjimatkan masa dan tenaga pengguna. Ia juga mempunyai fungsi lain
yang sangat berguna. Semuanya bermula dengan mereka bentuk mesin
berdasarkan spesifikasi dan keperluan. Mesin penapis pasir sangat penting
dalam industri bangunan, juga dikenali sebagai kejuruteraan awam, untuk
memastikan semua kerja dilakukan dengan betul. Terdapat pelbagai jenis
mesin penapis di pasaran, tetapi produk saya sendiri jauh lebih unggul
daripada pesaing. Matlamat utama projek ini adalah untuk memudahkan
pekerja industri awam mengasingkan bahan, sama ada pasir atau bahan
lain. Sekiranya projek ini berjaya, saya akan meneruskan ke peringkat
pembangunan seterusnya.

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 DEDICATION

Head Department of Automotive Manufacturing:

Mohd Nizam Bin Mokhri

For My Supervisor:

En. Abdul Rahman Bin Abas

For My Parent:

Noralizan Binti Aziz

Mahasan Bin Aziz

For all my beloved lecturers that have directly and indirectly to finish this

project and report. And lastly, to all my friends at KKTM Kuantan

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, Alhamdulillah and thanks to Allah for providing the
strength to complete the final year project completely. I would like to thank
everyone who helped and supported me throughout the project, including the
KKTM Kuantan technician and, most importantly, my supervisor En. Abdul
Rahman, who agreed to be my supervisor and supported me until the end of
the project. Even though I had problems during the project's planning and
fabrication, En. Abdul Rahman patiently taught me the tricks to solving my
problems from the beginning to the end. He also gives good advice and is
always calm when it comes to assisting me with the project.

I'd like to thank my parents for providing me with the initial funding for the
project and for their ongoing support throughout the process. I could not have
completed the project without the help of my parents. Finally, I'd like to
express my gratitude to my coworkers, who are always willing to share useful
ideas and assist me in completing my project's final report.

Thank you.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract i

Abstract ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of Contents v

List of Tables ix

List of Figures x

List of Abbreviations xi

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1. Project Background 1

1.2. Problem Statement 2

1.3. Project Overview 2

1.4. Project Objective 3

1.5. Scope of Project 3

1.6. Project Planning 3

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 6

2.1. Sieving 6

2.2. Sand Sieving Machine 7

2.3. History Of Sand Sieveing Machine. 7

2.4. Type of sand sieving 8

2.4.1. Rotary Sand Sieving 8

2.4.2. Vibrating Sand Sieving Machine 9

2.5. Known Issues and Problems of Current Product. 9

v
2.5.1. Require a lot of human power 10

2.5.2. Limited on function 10

2.5.3. Very high price(On the market) 11

2.6. Design Considerations. 11

2.6.1. Consideration on Physical Dimension and Specifications 12

2.6.2. Consideration on Major Parts 13

2.6.3. Consideration on Materials 15

3. METHODOLOGY 19

3.1. Introduction 19

3.2. Project Flow 19

3.2.1. Design Stage of Sand Sieving Machine 21

3.2.2. Fabrication Stage 21

3.2.3. Post Fabrication / Testing / Commissioning 21

3.3. Determining Concept and Design 22

3.3.1. Customer Survey 22

3.3.2. Survey Questions 22

3.3.3. Concept Generation 26

3.3.4. Establish Target Specifications 26

3.4. Development of Concept Design 26

3.4.1. Concept Design Developed 27

3.4.2. Concept Screening 28

3.5. Consideration on Fabrication / Assembly Implementation 29

3.5.1. Material Selection 30

3.5.2. Tools, Machine & Equipments 32

3.6. Detailed Design 36

3.7. Estimated Project Cost 40

vi
3.8. Testing 41

3.8.1. Test 1 41

3.8.2. Test 2 42

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 44

4.1 Introduction 44

4.2 Fabrication and Assembly Process 45

4.3 Testing 49

4.4 Problems Encountered 50

5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 51

5.1 Findings on Sand Siever Machine 51

5.2 Recommendations 52

5.3 Conclusions 54

REFERENCES 55

APPENDICES 56

vii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1:Gantt Chart 4

Table 3.1: Survey Result 22
Table 3.2: Table of Specification 26
Table 3.3: Table of Criteria 29
Table 4.1: Load Test 49

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.4: Vibrating Sand Siever Machine 11

Figure 2.5: Sand sieve price 11
Figure 2.6: Existing Sand Siever Dimension 12
Figure 2.7: Vibrating Sand Siever Dimension 13
Figure 2.8: Dynamo Electric Motor 14
Figure 2.9: Sieve Net Diameter 14
Figure 2.10: The mechanism of vibrating siever 15
Figure 2.11: Hollow Mild Steel 17
Figure 2.12: Galvanize Iron Sheet Metal 18
Figure 3.1: Project Flow 20
Figure 3.2: Design 1 27
Figure 3.3: Design 2 28
Figure 3.6: Measuring Tape and Vernier Caliper 34
Figure 3.7: Cordless Drill 34
Figure 3.8: Metal Inert Gas Welding Machine (MIG) 35
Figure 3.12: Drawing of Sand Siever 37
Figure 4.2: Frame of the Sand Siever Machine 46
Figure 4.5: The assembly of the sand siever machine 48
Figure 4.6: Painting works and Finish Product 49
Figure 5.1: Final Product Of Sand Siever Machine 51
Figure 5.2: 1.0 MM Galvanize Iron Sheet Metal 52
Figure 5.3: Powder Coating 53
Figure 5.4: Belting System 54

ix
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CAD - Computer Added Design

MIG - Metal Inert Gas

DIY - Do It Yourself

x
4.1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Project Background

In my opinion and experience, carpenters or people who enjoy doing DIY

projects have difficulty sieving the sand and mixing the cement because it
requires a lot of energy. Using a lot of energy while sieving the sand and it is
exhausting and reduces worker productivity while wasting time. On this
project, planned to build a machine that can separate the materials on
different size and it will run automatically, reducing the need for human
labour.

Figure 1.1 Vibrating Sand Siever

On this project, planned to build a machine that can do sieving, and it

will run automatically, reducing the need for human labour.

1
1.2. Problem Statement

1.2.1 The main issue is the processing time and manpower required for
sieving and mixing sand with cement.

1.2.2 More manpower is required to complete the task quickly.

1.2.3 If manpower is scarce, the process will take a long time to complete.
It happens on almost every small construction site where manpower
is the primary resource. This problem is caused by a lack of
equipment.

1.3. Project Overview

The project goal is to reduce the use of workers or manpower on small

construction sites, as well as the amount of energy required to complete the
task. To achieve the goals, the machine must be designed far better than the
machines currently on the market, and a few other better functions must be
added.

The next step is to make life easier for small carpenters and do-it-yourselfers
by developing a machine that can perform two tasks on a single machine at a
low cost per unit.To make it happen, the materials themselves must be made
of the best and most affordable materials.

2
1.4. Project Objective

The objective of this project is:

1.4.1 To design and build a machine that can perform two tasks on a single
machine.

1.4.2 To ensure that the function works properly

1.5. Scope of Project

The scopes of the project are:

1.5.1 The project's scope is to design and built the sand siever machine by
focusing on the vibrating sand siever.
1.5.2 The sand siever machine can be used on small construction
industries.The product are the scaling down size than regular siever
machine in construction industries.
1.5.3 By the end of the project, it should be capable of being used at KKTM
during the casting process.It is also suitable for use by all small
carpenters and civil engineering workers.

1.6. Project Planning

The project planning starts with designing the sand siever machine
using autoCAD and Catia. Then, choose the material and find the
dimensions. Next, choose the machining to fabricate. The following is the
project planning table.

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 Table 1.1:Gantt Chart
B TASK S E D
U
  JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN
I T N R
L A D A
TI
R

10
11
12

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
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27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
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48
1

2
3
4

5
6
7
8

9
O
T N
  Group     1 Plan                                                                                                

selection / w
Identify Actual                                                                                                

project /
topic / title
  Project     1 Plan                                                                                                

selection and w
presentation Actual                                                                                                

  Project     1 Plan                                                                                                

Planning w
Actual                                                                                                

  Literature     3 Plan                                                                                                

Review w
Actual                                                                                                

  Market     2 Plan                                                                                                

Survey w
5 Actual                                                                                                

  Concept     3 Plan                                                                                                

Design & w
Screening Actual                                                                                                

  Detailed     2 Plan                                                                                                

design w
Actual                                                                                                

  Writing     1 Plan                                                                                                

Chapter 1-3 1
w Actual                                                                                                

  Presentation     1 Plan                                                                                                

Progress w
Report Actual                                                                                                

(Chapter 1-3)
  Correction     1 Plan                                                                                                

w
Actual                                                                                                

  Submission     1 Plan                                                                                                

Chapter 1-3 w
Actual                                                                                                

  Procurement     8 Plan                                                                                                

of materials, w
components Actual                                                                                                

etc
B TASK S E D   JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE

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I T N U
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L A D A

10
11
12

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
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25
26
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28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
1

2
3
4

5
6
7
8

9
R TI
O
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  Product     1 Plan                                                                                                

fabrication / 4
assembly w Actual                                                                                                

  Testing &     1 Plan                                                                                                

Commissionin w
g Actual                                                                                                

  Writing     1 Plan                                                                                                

Chapter 4-5 6
w Actual                                                                                                

  Submission of     1 Plan                                                                                                

final draft w
Actual                                                                                                

  Correction     1 Plan                                                                                                

w
Actual                                                                                                

  Product     1 Plan                                                                                                

presentation w
(DKA) Actual                                                                                                

  Submission of     1 Plan                                                                                                

final report w
Actual                                                                                                

  Innovation     1 Plan                                                                                                

Day / Product w
Presentation Actual                                                                                                

for grading
  Hardcover     1 Plan                                                                                                

w
Actual                                                                                                

5
4.2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Sieving

A sieve, fine mesh strainer, or sift, is a device for separating wanted

elements from unwanted material or for characterizing the particle size
distribution of a sample, using a screen such as a woven mesh or net or
perforated sheet material. Sieving is a simple technique for separating
particles of different sizes.

A sieve such as used for sifting flour has very small holes. Coarse
particles are separated or broken up by grinding against one another and the
screen openings. Depending upon the types of particles to be separated,
sieves with different types of holes are used. Sieves are also used to
separate stones from sand. Sieving plays an important role in food industries
where sieves (often vibrating) are used to prevent the contamination of the
product by foreign bodies.

The design of the industrial sieve is of primary importance here. The

mesh in a wooden sieve might be made from wood or wicker. Use of wood to
avoid contamination is important when the sieve is used for sampling.Henry
Stephens, in his Book of the Farm, advised that the withes of a wooden riddle
or sieve be made from fir or willow with American elm being best. The rims
would be made of fir, oak or, especially, beech.

A sand sieving machine is a machine that sieves sand and other

unwanted materials. It is a machine powered by a motor and run by a battery.

6
This machine is primarily used by carpenters, construction workers, and
people who enjoy DIY projects. It is commonly used on construction sites,
whether it is a large or small project.

2.2. Sand Sieving Machine

The sieving process has been used for decades. We don't know when it
started. It has been done traditionally since the beginning, with mesh and a
frame made of wood. Manpower is quite exhausting, so they invent the
sieving machine powered by a petrol or diesel engine. Many sieving
machines on the market today have very limited functionality.

2.3. History Of Sand Sieveing Machine.

Some industrial strainers available are simplex basket strainers , duplex

basket strainers, T-strainers and Y-strainers. Simple basket strainers are
used to protect valuable or sensitive equipment in systems that are meant to
be shut down temporarily. Some commonly used strainers are bell mouth
strainers, foot valve strainers,basket strainers.

Most processing industries (mainly pharmaceutical, coatings and liquid

food industries) will opt for a self-cleaning strainer instead of a basket strainer
or a simplex strainer due to limitations of simple filtration systems. The self-
cleaning strainers or filters are more efficient and provide an automatic
filtration solution.

2.4. Type of sand sieving

7
 The construction sand in its natural status, contains organic matters,
pebbles, and gravels of different shapes and sizes. When we need the sand
of required specification for the particular construction work, we are left with
no option but to sieve the sand. To make this process speedy, and according
to the type of sand and site conditions, various models of sand screening
machines are available in the market.

2.4.1. Rotary Sand Sieving

The sieving will be done by the rotation of the cylindrical part of the
machine.They are either hand-operated or power-driven.For the mechanical
machine, the gearbox is attached to the shaft of the cylinder, which is driven
by the motor of the required capacity.Some manufacturers also provide
handle at the other end, to run them, in the case of a power outage.

Figure 2.2: Rotating Sand Sieving Machine

2.4.2. Vibrating Sand Sieving Machine

The sieving will be done by the vibration of the screening table of the
machine. Unlike the rotary type, these machines are only power-driven.They

8
are classified into two main types according to their vibratory motion.A linear
vibratory screening machine.

Figure 2.3: Vibrating Sand Siever

2.5. Known Issues and Problems of Current Product.

After analysing the existing product, a few problems or issues were

discovered that needed to be addressed. Each type of machine has its own
set of flaws or disadvantages. The traditional one requires a lot of man
power, has function limitations, and market prices are not very affordable, are
the three main issues that have been identified.

9
2.5.1. Require a lot of human power

The main issue is that using the traditional method required a lot
of human energy back in the day. As shown in the figure below,
three workers are required to ensure that the process runs
smoothly. As we all know, the more workers needed, the more
money needed to hire the workers.

Figure 2.4 Traditional sieving

2.5.2. Limited on function

Second, the functionality of existing products on the market is severely

limited. The function is limited to the sieve only, as shown in the figure below.
Despite the fact that there are various types of sand siever, the function is the
same.

10
 Figure 2.5: Vibrating Sand Siever Machine

2.5.3. Very high price(On the market)

After conducting a price survey, we discovered that the prices are extremely
high. It is not very cost effective for any beginner or do-it-yourselfer doing
low-cost work.

Figure 2.6: Sand sieve price

2.6. Design Considerations.

We need to design it properly for the design consideration because we are

working with two functions rather than just one. It's very compact and has a
lot of components. We must also select the design type that is appropriate for
our machine. To design the product, we must first determine which types are
compatible with it.

11
2.6.1. Consideration on Physical Dimension and Specifications

There are two types of sand sieve machines that are widely used, and
both are very functional. There are two types of sand sieves: vibrating sand
sieves and rolling sand sieves. Each of these two types has its own
dimension.

a. Existing product dimension

For the rolling sand sieve machine the comman length for it is 3M and
above depending on either its big industries or small industries.And the
height for the machine is 3M and above.While for the vibrating sieve
machine its more compact and the dimension is 2M length and 1M wide.It
is commonly used in small industries.

Figure 2.7: Existing Sand Siever Dimension

b. Physical Dimension and Specifications

The common dimension of the vibrating sand siever machine is 3 feet

length or 980 mm while the height is around 1 till 2 feet or about
420mm.The common height is 1 till 2 feet or 500mm.The dimension of the
machine is not constant or permanent.Its depend on the working
situation.For example the heavy or big construction industries require
more bigger in size to make sure its reach the maximum productivities.

12
 Figure 2.8: Vibrating Sand Siever Dimension

2.6.2. Consideration on Major Parts

There are 3 main parts that needed to be consider to make sure its all went
well.

a. Motor

The motor is one of the most important components to consider. It is the

primary component for moving the component and ensuring that all
functions are operational. We must determine the motor's power or
wattage to ensure that it is capable of moving our sieve and mixing the
mixture. Finally, we must decide whether to power the motor with a battery
or with a 13 amp plug.

13
 Figure 2.9: Dynamo Electric Motor

b. Sieve diameter
Sieve dimensions must be highlighted. It will allow the materials to pass.
Even though we can replace the mesh, we must consider the size, and we
must first ensure the size of our materials. The mesh size that we can
consider is listed below.

Figure 2.10: Sieve Net Diameter

14
c. Mechanical mechanism/part

Next, and most importantly, we must select the mechanical

mechanism for our product. It is critical because the mechanical
mechanism ensures that all of the functions function properly. As shown in
the figure below, selecting a vibrating mechanism will involve this type of
mechanism.

Figure 2.11: The mechanism of vibrating siever

2.6.3. Consideration on Materials

After we have determined all of the dimensions, designs, and so on, we

must determine the material types that will be used. Material selection must
be prioritised to ensure that it is compatible with the work application.
Different parts are made of various materials.

15
a. Mild Steel

Mild steel is the type of carbon steel that has lower levels of carbon in
it. When the carbon content in the alloy is 0.05 to 0.309%, it is considered
as the mild carbon steel. If the presence of carbon content exceeds the
maximum limit of mild steel, it is termed as medium carbon steel which is
further followed by high-carbon steel and ultra high carbon steel. Every
type of carbon steel has its own benefits and drawbacks. It’s just that you
need to consider your needs and accordingly pick one that suits your
project the best.

If you’re working on a DIY or home improvement project mild steel will

probably suit you best. Mild steel is also the most commonly sold sheet
metal for DIY and home improvement projects.

There are several advantages to choosing mild steel.One of the most

beneficial properties of mild steel is it can be bent, cut and twisted to
create the desired shape easier than other metal. It is one of the reasons
why carbon steel (mild steel) is popular in many industries from the
manufacture of household items to structural applications to the DIY and
home improvement project. The high level of demand makes mild steel a
widely produced material and therefore a very affordable material

But there are also some disadvantages to choosing carbon steel over
traditional steel. Mild steel is suitable for mechanical engineering and
general purpose fabrication. Its strength makes it a terrific choice of
material for the construction of cages, frames, fencing and in other
applications where it will not be subjected to high stress. Therefore, it is
preferred for making home and garden products that require low-stress

16
 Figure 2.12: Hollow Mild Steel

b. Galvanize Iron

Galvanizing, or galvanization, is a manufacturing process where a

coating of zinc is applied to steel or iron to offer protection and prevent
rusting. There are several galvanizing processes available, but the most
commonly offered and used method is called hot-dip galvanizing.

Galvanized steel is among the most popular steel types because of its
extended durability, having the strength and formability of steel plus the
corrosion protection of the zinc-iron coating. The zinc protects the base
metal by acting as a barrier to corrosive elements, and the sacrificial
nature of the coating results in a long-lasting and high-quality steel
product.

The top advantages that Galvanized Iron offer that suitable with my
project is rust resistance from the zinc coating. The iron elements in steel
are incredibly prone to rusting, but the addition of zinc acts as a protective
buffer between the steel and any moisture or oxygen. Galvanized steel is
very protective, including sharp corners and recesses that couldn’t be
protected with other coatings, making it resistant to damage.

17
Figure 2.13: Galvanize Iron Sheet Metal

18
4.3

METHODOLOGY

3.1. Introduction

This project is about designing a vibrating sand sieving machine. In

the long run, it will become more compact and durable. It will benefit all civil
industries and people who enjoy doing their own civil work. It is also made
with the most affordable materials, which reduces the cost of manufacturing
this product. Its final price is significantly lower than that of competing
products on the market.

3.2. Project Flow

Furthermore, the project methodology must be comprehended. Each

stage must be developed step by step, and a survey must be completed. The
creation of a concept design is required. Make a list of the materials and
equipment needed to complete the construction project.As a result, after the
project is completed, there should be a discussion about it, as well as an
explanation of the project's benefits, drawbacks, and limitations, as well as
the materials used.

Finally, the general chapter must be completed from the first to the
fifth chapter. The project's introduction, problem description, literature review,
methodology, and other aspects must be conceived, written, and located.
This project will be used in industry, schools, the general public, and other
settings. This project has the potential to be greatly expanded and improved.

19
Figure 3.14: Project Flow

20
3.2.1. Design Stage of Sand Sieving Machine

Several steps have been developed in the design stage to develop the
preliminary design and specification of the product. This includes creating a
survey to determine customer needs. The part is designed using autoCAD
and CATIA software, which can generate 2D and 3D models. If the design is
not followed precisely, it will not fit with the body or frame of the product.

3.2.2. Fabrication Stage

Several processes will be carried out during the fabrication stage. The
sheet metal is first cut with a shear machine. The 1 inch hollow bar will then
be cut on the metal band saw for more precise dimensioning for the body
frame. Finally, it will go through a laser cutting machine to cut holes and other
required geometry. Finally, the stitching process is completed using a MIG
welding machine.

3.2.3. Post Fabrication / Testing / Commissioning

The product will be finished using some finishers, such as painting, in the
post fabrication stage to create a smoother end result. Following the post-
fabrication stage, the product will be tested to determine whether it meets or
exceeds the objective. The testing will be done to determine whether or not
the functionality and power are supported.

21
 3.3. Determining Concept and Design

3.3.1. Customer Survey

A set of survey questions has been developed to get a feedback from

users. These questions are aimed at identifying further the weaknesses of
existing products and expectations of consumers on this new product. In this
way we can develop products that can meet the needs of consumers and at
the same time avoiding weaknesses.

A total of 43 persons were identified as samples for this questionnaire.

Sample selection is made randomly with every person required to answer 10
the number of questions online. We use the Google platform since it's free
and easy to use.

3.3.2. Survey Questions

The questions are multiple choice type question without the need for a
Long answer sample to ensure that the questionnaire is not burdensome.
The questionnaire development questions were shortlisted before they were
screened according to the needs and suitability

Table 3.2: Survey Result

BI QUESTION QUANTITY
L
A B C D

1 What is your 18-30 31-40 41-50 51-60

age?
(42) (1)

2 What is your MALE FEMALE

gender?
(42) (1)

3 Your STUDENT OTHERS GOVERNMEN UNEMPLOYE

Occupation? T D
(30) (7)
(3) (2)

22
4 Are you on YES NO
civil
industries? (40) (2)

5 Do you like to YES NO

DIY things?
(42) (1)

6 Have you ever YES NO

use or see
anybody using (41) (1)
sieving
technique
either
manually or
automatic(usin
g machine)

7 What type of VIBRATIN MANUALL ROTARY

sieving G Y
machine did (5)
you like? (28) (7)

8 Did you prefer YES NO

the machine
have other (42) (1)
function too?

9 Price range 100-200 201-300 301-400 401-500

that you can
spend on the (37) (5)
machine.

10 Any
suggestion

23
3.3.3. Survey Result (Statistic)

24
25
3.3.3. Concept Generation

From the survey result as in table together with some customer feed back,
we have identified a few key customers needs as in the following.

a. The sand siever machine need to be vibratory.

b. The sand siever machine are easy to run
c. The sand siever machine must simple design
d. The sand siever machine are affordable

3.3.4. Establish Target Specifications

The targeted dimensions of the product that will be taken into consideration is
shown in the table below. It is also compared to two other known brands.

Table 3.3: Table of Specification

Metric Metric Value Units AMW SYT

No.

1 Height 2.5 feet 6 5

2 Width 1.5 feet 3 3

3 Length 2.5 feet 4 3.5

The product's concept design will take into account all of the desired
dimension specifications. To provide a superb result, the design sketch will
adhere to the specifications.The specification must be on the middle of the
current product in order to fulfil the specification.

3.4. Development of Concept Design

There are two concept designs that have been developed to determine
which design will be the most suitable with the objective of the project. From

26
the two designs there will be one design that will be chosen. All the concept
designs are in sketchs.

3.4.1. Concept Design Developed

The design of the product must meet all the criteria needed to fulfill the
objective as much as possible. According to the design considerations and
ideas from existing products some sketching of the designs have been done.
The design of the sand siever machine must using vibratory mechanism and
simple design in order to minimize the cost.

a. Concept Design A

Figure 3.15: Design 1

This is the first design we must think about. Almost every mechanism is
same. The rod is spun by the motor, and the vibrations are caused by the
unstable rod. It is extremely difficult to manufacture, and the costs are

27
extremely high. The reliability is good, and it can take a typical load in a
single session.

b. Concept Design B

Figure 3.16: Design 2

The second design is straightforward and uncomplicated. Using a

similar mechanism (vibration). Powered by a motor, which spins the shaky
rod. It's simple to make and doesn't cost a lot of money. The design is
incredibly bold and forward-thinking. It's still dependable and can withstand
the same amount of load as the prior design.

3.4.2. Concept Screening

The design of the concept has been picked based on numerous criteria
or aspects from the two concept designs that have been made. As a result,
concept 2 was chosen since it offers the most benefits in comparison to the
other designs. The table below shows the concept selection technique.

28
 Table 3.4: Table of Criteria

SELECTION
BIL
CRITERIA
A B REF

1 Ease of handling 0 0 0

2 Ease of Use 0 - 0

3 Number of readability 0 0 0

4 Dose Metering + + 0

5 Load Handling 0 0 0

6 Manufacturing Ease + - 0

7 Portability + + 0

PLUSES 3 2

SAMES 4 3

MINUSES 0 2

NET 3 0

RANK 1 2

CONTINUE Y Y

3.5. Consideration on Fabrication / Assembly Implementation

29
 Fabrication is taken into account based on the needs of the customers
as determined by the survey. There will be a prototype to identify and meet
the criteria and needs of the customers. This will ensure that the product can
be sold because it meets the needs of the customers.

3.5.1. Material Selection

After we have determined all of the dimensions, designs, and so on, we

must determine the material types that will be used. Material selection must
be prioritised to ensure that it is compatible with the work application.
Different parts are made of different materials.

a. Mild Steel

Mild steel is the type of carbon steel that has lower levels of carbon in
it. When the carbon content in the alloy is 0.05 to 0.309%, it is considered as
the mild carbon steel. If the presence of carbon content exceeds the
maximum limit of mild steel, it is termed as medium carbon steel which is
further followed by high-carbon steel and ultra high carbon steel. Every type
of carbon steel has its own benefits and drawbacks. It’s just that you need to
consider your needs and accordingly pick one that suits your project the best.

If you’re working on a DIY or home improvement project mild steel will

probably suit you best. Mild steel is also the most commonly sold sheet metal
for DIY and home improvement projects.

There are several advantages to choosing mild steel.One of the most

beneficial properties of mild steel is it can be bent, cut and twisted to create
the desired shape easier than other metal. It is one of the reasons why
carbon steel (mild steel) is popular in many industries from the manufacture
30
of household items to structural applications to the DIY and home
improvement project. The high level of demand makes mild steel a widely
produced material and therefore a very affordable material.

But there are also some disadvantages to choosing carbon steel over
traditional steel. Mild steel is suitable for mechanical engineering and general
purpose fabrication. Its strength makes it a terrific choice of material for the
construction of cages, frames, fencing and in other applications where it will
not be subjected to high stress. Therefore, it is preferred for making home
and garden products that require low-stress

Figure 3.4: Hollow Mild Steel

b. Galvanize Iron

Galvanizing, or galvanization, is a manufacturing process where a

coating of zinc is applied to steel or iron to offer protection and prevent
rusting. There are several galvanizing processes available, but the most
commonly offered and used method is called hot-dip galvanizing.

31
 Galvanized steel is among the most popular steel types because of its
extended durability, having the strength and formability of steel plus the
corrosion protection of the zinc-iron coating. The zinc protects the base metal
by acting as a barrier to corrosive elements, and the sacrificial nature of the
coating results in a long-lasting and high-quality steel product.

The top advantages that Galvanized Iron offer that suitable with my
project is rust resistance from the zinc coating. The iron elements in steel are
incredibly prone to rusting, but the addition of zinc acts as a protective buffer
between the steel and any moisture or oxygen. Galvanized steel is very
protective, including sharp corners and recesses that couldn’t be protected
with other coatings, making it resistant to damage.

Figure 3.5: Galvanized Iron Sheet Metal

3.5.2. Tools, Machine & Equipments

Welding is the most prevalent process used on this project. Metal

Inert Gas MIG welding is the machine that is being used. A measuring tape

32
and a vernier calliper are required for precise measurements. Other
equipment, such as a hand drill and a magnetic angle, are used to make the
fabrication process easier.

a. Caliper and Measuring Tape

A caliper (British spelling also calliper, or in plurale tantum sense a

pair of calipers) is a device used to measure the dimensions of an object.
Many types of calipers permit reading out a measurement on a ruled scale, a
dial, or a digital display. Some calipers can be as simple as a compass with
inward or outward-facing points, but no scale. The tips of the caliper are
adjusted to fit across the points to be measured and the dimension read by
measuring between the tips with another measuring tool, such as a ruler.The
caliper is being use to measure small parts such as the diameter of the shaft
and the holes diameter.

A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible ruler used to measure

size or distance. It consists of a ribbon of cloth, plastic, fibre glass, or metal
strip with linear-measurement markings. It is a common measuring tool. Its
design allows for a measure of great length to be easily carried in pocket or
toolkit and permits one to measure around curves or corners. Today it is
ubiquitous, even appearing in miniature form as a keychain fob, or novelty
item. Surveyors use tape measures in lengths of over 100 m.The measuring
tape have a major uses in this project such as measuring the length of the
hollow steel,the height of the project and the width of the machine.

33
 Figure 3.6: Measuring Tape and Vernier Caliper

b. Cordless Drill

A drill is a tool used for making round holes or driving fasteners. It is

fitted with a bit, either a drill or driverchuck. with hand-operated types
dramatically decreasing in popularity and cordless battery-powered ones
proliferating. Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking,
construction, machine tool fabrication, construction and utility projects.
Specially designed versions are made for miniature applications. The drill
use to make holes such as to rivet the sheet metal onto the hollow steel.

Figure 3.7: Cordless Drill

c. Metal Inert Gas Welding Machine

34
 Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding is an arc welding process that uses a
continuous solid wire electrode heated and fed into the weld pool from a
welding gun. The two base materials are melted together forming a join.
The gun feeds a shielding gas alongside the electrode helping protect the
weld pool from airborne contaminants.

MIG/MAG welding is a versatile technique suitable for both thin sheet

and thick section components. An arc is struck between the end of a wire
electrode and the workpiece, melting both of them to form a weld pool.
The wire serves as both heat source (via the arc at the wire tip) and filler
metal for the welding joint. The wire is fed through a copper contact tube
(contact tip) which conducts welding current into the wire. The weld pool is
protected from the surrounding atmosphere by a shielding gas fed through
a nozzle surrounding the wire.A lot of joining process required to use this
machine because of its advantages such as can weld to thin sheet and the
current can be adjust to suit the materials.

Figure 3.8: Metal Inert Gas Welding Machine (MIG)

35
3.6. Detailed Design

CATIA is being used to create the detail designs. Following the idea
design, the detailed design and final design were chosen.

Figure 3.9:The detail design of sand siever

36
Figure 3.17: Drawing of Sand Siever

37
38
39
 Table 3.5: Description Table

BIL DESCRIPTION DATA NOTES

1 Length 2.5 In feet

2 Width 1.5 In feet

3 Weight Under 15 kg In feet

4 Motor rating 220 v / 50 hz 2500 rpm

5 Mechanism Vibration using 20 mm shaft

unstable shaft

There are a few descriptions or specifications that the project need.

The specification must be created first to ensure that it meets the survey
requirements, and it is also crucial since it will ensure that the machine
functions effectively.

3.7. Estimated Project Cost

The components required to complete this project must be obtained

entirely online purchase and scrap. The cost of the project must be evaluated
in order to plan on saving money on the bajet and just purchasing the most
essential products to avoid wasting money and materials.

Total
Price
No Item Description Quantity Price
(RM)
(RM)
Hollow and
1 Mild Steel 6 20.00 120.00
Bar
2. Ball Bearing Pillow 20 mm 2 13.00 26.00

3. Brass Spring 6x32x140 mm 4 5.00 20.00

40
 Dynamo Electric 220 v 2800
4. 1 100.00 100.00
Motor rpm
852mm 5mm
5. Belting 1 12.50 12.50
width
30 teeth and
6. Pulley 2 10.20 20.40
60 teeth
7. Wheel 4 inch 2 4.00 8.00
Total (RM) 306.90
Table 3.6: Estimated Project Cost

After all of the calculations, the total estimated cost for this project is
RM306.90.

3.8. Testing

A series of tests will be conducted on the product. The goal is to discover

problems and areas for improvement early in the development process so
that you can make the required modifications and construct a product that
satisfies the needs and expectations of users. Testing before use is essential
to avoid consumer displeasure or product breakdown. Aside from that, it's
critical to reduce the danger of flaws in order to protect users, the company's
brand, and its integrity.

3.8.1. Test 1

The first test is to see if the machine can filter the materials without clogging.
The purpose of this test is to ensure that the machine is sieving the materials
properly.

a. Materials, tools and equipment for testing

41
 i. Siever Machine
ii. Material (Sand)
iii. Shovel

b. Procedure

The procedures of the test are as below:

I. Turn on the Vibrating Sand Siever Machine

II. Prepare the shovel and the materials (sand)
III. Scoop down the materials (sand) onto the siever
IV. Let the machine do the work.
V. See either the machine can function well to sieve the
materials.
VI. Test completed

3.8.2. Test 2

The second test is to determine the machine's maximum load capacity. Its
purpose is to demonstrate the machine's capabilities and the greatest
amount of materials that can be sieved at one time.

a. Materials, tools and equipment for testing

I. Siever Machine
II. Material (Sand)
III. Shovel

42
b. Procedure

The procedures of the test are as below:

I. Turn on the Vibrating Sand Siever Machine

II. Prepare the shovel and the materials (sand)
III. Scoop down the materials (sand) onto the siever
IV. This time scoop down the materials as many as can.
V. Scoop the materials until the machine cant handle it down
VI. Then measure how many scoops can the machine handle on one time
VII. Test completed

43
4.4

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.5 Introduction

The fabrication process is discussed in the result and discussion. The

finished product is also examined and tested. The tests are performed to
obtain data analysis for the project. For this and other projects, fabrication
begins with fabricating the frame, shaft, and platform. Testing is more
focused on the functionality of the product. Finally, the problem encountered
from fabrication to testing is discussed.

Figure 4.1 : Finish Product

44
4.6 Fabrication and Assembly Process

Material selection was the first step in the manufacturing and

assembly process for this sand siver project. Hollow steel, 3mm galvanised
iron sheet metal, and 16mm cylindrical shaft are among the materials used.
Starting with the frame, sieving platform, and shaft, the fabrication process is
done piece by piece. Metal Inert Gas (MIG) Welding Machines are used to
join the majority of the materials. After all of the parts have been fabricated,
the Sand Siever Machine's main frame will be assembled piece by piece.

4.2.1 Fabrication of Parts

1. The Frame

The most significant aspect of this endeavour is the framing. It is the

foundation of the project, and all of the parts must be attached to the frame.
The material was the first step in making the frame. The material used was 1
and 3/4 inch hollow mild steel. Finish one side of the framing first. Then do the
opposite side to achieve the framing's fundamental structure. Weld the
materials together with the Metal Inert Gas Welding Machine. Then weld the
two more supports to the bottom of the completed framing. From the bottom,
the length is 5 inches. It serves as a support for the frame pole. Finally, weld
the 3/4-inch hollow mild steel to the frame.Its the  base structure for the oulet.

45
 Figure 4.2: Frame of the Sand Siever Machine

2. The shaft

The sprocket and shaft are then linked together in the next fabrication
step. The sprocket's primary function is to drive the shaft. The shaft then
spins, causing vibration. Use the Metal Inert Gas Welding Machine to
attach the shaft to the sprocket. Using the metal plate that has been
welded to the back side of the sprocket, locate the sprocket's centre. To
get the centre mark, it must be measured properly. Weld the shaft to the
plate after getting the centre mark.

46
 Figure 4.3:The welding process of shaft

3. Sieving Platform

The final step in completing the project is to secure the net/mesh to

the platform body. There are two processes in progress. The first is the
drilling procedure, and the second is the rivet procedure. The net/mesh is
cut and measured according to the platform's dimensions. The body is
then drilled according to the markings made before. Finally, secure the
net in place and begin riveting. Rivet is used because it is more durable
and less expensive.

Figure 4.4:Sand siever platform

4.2.2 Assembly of Parts

Installing the ball bearing cushion to the sieve platform was the first
step in the assembling process. The shaft will be put on the ball bearing
pillow. The outlet platform is then attached to the framing via drilling and
riveting. Aside from that, another installation is welding the spring to the pole.
However, before welding the spring to the upper components of the pole, the
spring must be positioned on a foundation. Using the Metal Inert Gas Welding
Machine, weld them together. The spring is attached to the sieving platform's

47
body. Because the vibration will not be transferred to the framing, a spring is
used.

Figure 4.5: The assembly of the sand siever machine

4.2.3 Finishing

The process of completing the product began with grinding all of the uneven
welding joints. The weld is ground until it is smooth with a hand grinder. All
the rusted and uneven surfaces have been ground. Finally, paint is required
to prevent corrosion and improve appearance of the product.

48
 Figure 4.6: Painting works and Finish Product

4.7 Testing

This test is being performed to determine the machine's ability to

operate as well as to provide data on the machine's sieving ability. It will be
tested four times, each time with a different load. As a measurement tool, a
5-litre bucket was used. The time it takes the machine to sift the materials is
kept track of. The data is being collected to determine the machine's
capability and whether it needs to be improved.

Table 4.7: Load Test

No. Sand (bucket of 5 litres) Time Taken

(s)

1 1 bucket 30

2 2 bucket 60

3 3 bucket 90

4 4 bucket 120

49
 Figure 4.7 : Table of Machine Ability To Sieve

According to the graph above, the more load the machine handles, the longer
it takes. It's also demonstrated that the machine can function properly even
when pressed.

4.8 Problems Encountered

Although the product appears to be in good operating order, there

were a few issues encountered throughout the project's manufacturing. The
first issue is that the cutting and welding processes both have an impact on
the measurement. This is due to the fact that the instruments used to cut the
material are not very exact. As a result, after joining the parts together, some
of the measurements are not accurate.

The second issue arises during the installation of the power motor.
The motor's position must be aligned with the shaft. Fortunately, the motor
bracket is long enough to allow for modification. Finally, there was a difficulty
with the chain slipping from the sprocket. The problem, after analysis, is that

50
the chain is too loose. This is due to the fact that the chain is too long to
remain in place when running.

51
4.9

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Findings on Sand Siever Machine

According to the results of the product testing, the given standard was
met, as shown in table 4.1. The project can be considered a success
because it meets the project's original objective that to create a machine that
can sieve material into different size while also taking into consideration the
public's requirements and feedback. However, there are a few flaws and
weaknesses that could be fixed to improve the product and increase
customer happiness.

Figure 5.18: Final Product Of Sand Siever Machine

This project's flaws can be addressed to increase the product's quality.

Improvements can be done in a variety of ways. The change must be done in
order to improve the machine's production.

52
5.2 Recommendations
Any product must have its own strengths and weaknesses. This
product will become more reliable, effective, and meet the specified goals as
it improves. The ideas for product improvement are based on the
weaknesses and flaws that were discovered during the manufacturing
process. This product can be improved in numerous ways.
Recommendations for this project include improving the material selection,
finishing, and method of assembly.

5.2.1 Recommendations on Material Selection.

Because this product is heavy use, the materials used must be sturdy
and long-lasting. This sand siver machine outlet base and the barrier on the
sieving platform can both be improved. 3mm galvanised iron sheet metal is
used in this product. To improve it, use thicker sheet metal, such as 1.0 mm
sheet metal, which can withstand much more stress and is more durable.

Figure 5.19: 1.0 MM Galvanize Iron Sheet Metal

53
5.2.2 Recommendations on Finishing

This product is frequently used outside. To prevent corrosion on the

material, the finishing must be long-lasting. Instead of utilising normal paint on
the product, powder coating can be used on parts that are prone to rusting,
such as the frame. Powder coating greatly aids in the corrosion prevention of
items.

Figure 5.20: Powder Coating

5.2.3 Recommendations on the Mechanical Parts (system)

Even if the product is used outdoors, the noise produced by the chain
and sprocket system is rather loud. Improvements can be achieved using the
belting system rather than the chain method. When compared to chain
systems, belting systems are quieter. This is because the belting method
uses a rubber belt that makes no noise when it touches the pulley.

54
 Figure 5.21: Belting System
5.3 Conclusions

This sand sieving machine was developed, which filters sand with the
help of a motor. The market analysis was done, and a house of quality was
formed based on customer needs. Then functional decomposition, design
and stress analysis, material and manufacturing process selection, and cost
analysis of the machine were done. Knowledge acquired from these steps
was used to develop the machine physically. This machine is simply
operated by a switch, which makes it very easy to use, and no skilled labor is
needed. A motor is used to rotate the unstable shaft, increasing the sand
filtering rate compared to human filtering sand with a hand tool.

The machine is eco-friendly because not using any engine that will
create air pollution. It is not too heavy that why its portable can bring to many
place. It needs less maintenance. This machine can be used in construction
sites where sand needs to be filtered. As this machine has higher efficiency
than manual tools and the price is reasonable this can be a good option for
construction sites. It can also be used in foundry shops where sand needs to
be separated from pollutants to produce a mold from the filtered sand.

55
 REFERENCES

[1] MOHD EFFI B MOHJEE, “DESIGN AND FABRICATE SIEVE

MACHINE,” 2008.

[2] “Traditional method of sand sieving.” [Online]. Available:

https://www.ekshiksha.org.in/chapter/77/images_of_Separatio
n_of_substancesVI/8.png. [Accessed: 10-Mar-2020].

[3] “Hand operated rotating siever.” [Online]. Available:

https://dccf75d8gej24.cloudfront.net/images/products/03/0307
11400/B234C322-16C8-480C-9062-6D1F5BD922ED-
large.jpg. [Accessed: 11-Mar-2020].

[4] “Motor operated sieve.” [Online]. Available: https://encrypted-

tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn
%3AANd9GcSmQUAkNMwLUnH7XptSKEsUCV2oBXHzspQ
PEaoBlbXIJf9iiTuJ. [Accessed: 11-Mar-2020].

[5] “Hand operated siever.” [Online]. Available:

https://shop.r10s.jp/minatodenk/cabinet/00640999/img555375
38.jpg. [Accessed: 11-Mar-2020].

56
APPENDICES

57
58
59
60