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Chapter 4

The document contains 6 problems involving calculating probabilities of events using binomial distributions. The problems cover calculating probabilities of numbers of successes or failures in samples of different sizes based on given probabilities of individual successes or failures. Examples of calculations provided include finding the probability of 3 to 6, fewer than 4, or more than 5 failures in a sample of 15 with a 25% individual failure rate.

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Charbel Khoury
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29 views

Chapter 4

The document contains 6 problems involving calculating probabilities of events using binomial distributions. The problems cover calculating probabilities of numbers of successes or failures in samples of different sizes based on given probabilities of individual successes or failures. Examples of calculations provided include finding the probability of 3 to 6, fewer than 4, or more than 5 failures in a sample of 15 with a 25% individual failure rate.

Uploaded by

Charbel Khoury
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

In testing a certain kind of truck tire over rugged terrain, it is found that 25% of the trucks fail
to complete the test run without a blowout. Of the next 15 trucks tested, find the probability
that

(a) from 3 to 6 have blowouts;


(b) fewer than 4 have blowouts;
(c) more than 5 have blowouts.

For n = 15 and p = 0.25, we have


(a) P(3 ≤ X ≤ 6) = P(X ≤ 6) − P(X ≤ 2) = 0.9434 − 0.2361 = 0.7073.
(b) P(X <4) = P(X ≤ 3) = 0.4613.
(c) P(X >5) = 1 − P(X ≤ 5) = 1 − 0.8516 = 0.1484.

2. A nationwide survey of college seniors by the University of Michigan revealed that almost
70% disapprove of daily pot smoking, according to a report in Parade. If 12 seniors are selected
at random and asked their opinion, find the probability that the number who disapprove of
smoking pot daily is

(a) anywhere from 7 to 9;


(b) at most 5;
(c) not less than 8.

From Table A.1 with n = 12 and p = 0.7, we have


(a) P(7 ≤ X ≤ 9) = P(X ≤ 9) − P(X ≤ 6) = 0.7472 − 0.1178 = 0.6294.
(b) P(X ≤ 5) = 0.0386.
(c) P(X ≥ 8) = 1 − P(X ≤ 7) = 1 − 0.2763 = 0.7237.

3. Suppose that airplane engines operate independently and fail with probability equal to 0.4.
Assuming that a plane makes a safe flight if at least one-half of its engines run, determine
whether a 4-engine plane or a 2- engine plane has the higher probability for a successful
flight.
Probability of 2 or more of 4 engines operating when p = 0.6 is
P(X ≥ 2) = 1 − P(X ≤ 1) = 0.8208,
and the probability of 1 or more of 2 engines operating when p = 0.6 is
P(X ≥ 1) = 1 − P(X = 0) = 0.8400.
The 2-engine plane has a slightly higher probability for a successful flight when p = 0.6.

4. According to USA Today (March 18, 1997), of 4 million workers in the general workforce,
5.8% tested positive for drugs. Of those testing positive, 22.5% were cocaine users and 54.4%
marijuana users.

(a) What is the probability that of 10 workers testing positive, all are marijuana users?
(b) What is the probability that of 10 workers testing positive, none is a cocaine user?

5. If the probability that a fluorescent light has a useful life of at least 800 hours is 0.9, find the
probabilities that among 20 such lights
(a) exactly 18 will have a useful life of at least 800 hours;
(b) at least 15 will have a useful life of at least 800 hours;
(c) at least 2 will not have a useful life of at least 800 hours.

n = 20 and p = 0.90
(a) P(X = 18) = P(X ≤ 18) − P(X ≤ 17) = 0.6083 − 0.3231 = 0.2852.
(b) P(X ≥ 15) = 1 − P(X ≤ 14) = 1 − 0.0113 = 0.9887.
(c) P(X ≤ 18) = 0.6083.

6. A manufacturer knows that on average 20% of the electric toasters produced require repairs
within 1 year after they are sold. When 20 toasters are randomly selected, find appropriate
numbers x and y such that
(a) the probability that at least x of them will require repairs is less than 0.5;
(b) the probability that at least y of them will not require repairs is greater than 0.8.
n = 20;
(a) p = 0.20, P(X ≥ x) ≤ 0.5 and P(X <x) > 0.5 yields x = 3.
(b) p = 0.80, P(Y ≥ y) ≥ 0.8 and P(Y <y) < 0.2 yields y = 15.

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