Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION
 Points to keep in mind….
• Research is a process which involves a lot of thinking, planning
and writing.
• It is advisable to think about topics that interest you at the
beginning of your program.
• You must also find a faculty member who can serve as your
adviser.
• Your advisor is your ally, In order to obtain enough support from
your advisor and your thesis committee members, you must show
that you have done your work well.
• Research is a directed study, your advisor must give you advice,
and you must do the work.
• When proposal is approved, the process of working your
method(s) to find answers to your questions begins.
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
● This part encapsulates the whole study or simply,
what the study is all about.
● A good introduction is backed-up by a
relevant/familiar related literature and studies that
serve as a strong conceptual underpinning of the
study.
● It represents the surrounding situations or problems
that prompted the researcher to undertake the study.
● Effective introduction shows the actual scenario
related to the problem in focus.
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
● Good starters may be any of the following:
➢ relevant statistical data;
➢ an attention-grabbing expression or timely quotation,
➢ a personal experience,
➢ a piece of related information from literature and studies reviewed
and others.
➢ The introductory statement must be eye-catching.
● Presents a brief analysis showing that the study is relevant, recent and
contributes to the existing collection of knowledge.
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
● Background of the Study
● Objectives of the Study
● Scope and Limitations of the Study
● Significance of the Study
 Background of the Study
• What is the context of this problem?
• In what situation or environment can it be observed?
*** Provide sufficient information for the readers to understand
the topic you are presenting.***

• There should be a theme in writing the background of the

study. It serves as an outline so that there is continuity of
ideas. The theme is based on the important variables of the
study, scope, nature and characteristics.
 Background of the Study
• Writing the Background of the Study
• A brief statement of the origin of the problem
• Includes the main reasons for the conduct of the study
• Starts with an opening statement about the main topic
leading to the specific topic (Deductive approach to data
presentation)
General topic
• Followed by a discussion on
the specific topic leading to Main topic
the problem identification
• Lastly, a statement of the Specific
solution is presented topic
 Background of the Study
Writing the Background of the Study
• 1st Paragraph - Opening statements about the main topic
leading to your specific topic
• 2nd Paragraph – Discussion on the specific topic leading to your
main problem
• 3rd Paragraph – Presentation of your main problem
• 4th Paragraph – Evidences that the problem really exists
• 5th Paragraph – Present the causes and effects of the main
problem
• 6th Paragraph – Presentation of a perceived solution to the
problem and its strategy
 Objectives of the Study
• What steps will the researcher take to try and fill the gap or improve the
situation? (Relate them to the research problem.)
• The general objectives capture the title of the study.
• It is broad enough to include all aspects of the subject matter, yet brief
and concise as possible.
• Break down a general objective into minor, connected parts (specific
objectives).
• Specific objectives should systematically address the different research
questions, and specify what you will do in your study, where and for what
purpose.
• Specific objectives must be explicit, precise, and expected results are
verifiable.
• The criteria of SMART must be considered in setting the specific objectives.
 Objectives of the Study
The general objective of the study is to develop a _________________
__________________________________________________.
Specifically, the study aims to:
1. Design a ________________________________ with the
following characteristics / features:
a. ______________________________________________; and
b. ________________________________________________;
2. Fabricate the ______________________________________;
3. Test and improve the project/prototype; and
4. Evaluate the acceptability/performance of the project /
prototype in terms of:
 Scope and Limitations of the Study
• Scope of the Study – Is the study limited to a specific
geographical area or people, or to only certain aspects of
the situation? Is there any aspect of the problem the
researcher will not discuss?
• Limitation of the Study – Is there any factor, condition or
circumstances that will prevent the researcher from
achieving all his/her objectives?
Scope and Limitations of the Study
• The scope of the study includes:
✓ what the study is all about,
✓ where and when the study is conducted and
✓for whom the study is being made.
• Also includes the reason
✓ why the study is conducted and
✓ how it will be made.
• The limitations are the factors which set the boundaries
covered in the study.
 Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study involves the______________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.
This study does not include the_______________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.
 Significance of the Study
• Presents the value of the study
• The significance of the study must contain explanations or
discussions on the following:
• Basis, timeliness, and relevance of the study;
• Possible solutions to existing problems;
• Who the beneficiaries and what are their benefits;
• Possible contribution to the prevailing body of
knowledge;
• Possible implications.
 Significance of the Study
• 1st Paragraph – Discussion on why it is Important
to Conduct this Study
• 2nd Paragraph – Who are the Beneficiaries
and What are their Benefits