Three phase semi controlled converters connected to DC series motors with continuous

current operation

Figure: 1 circuit diagram three phase half controlled rectifier

Figure: 2 input and output waveforms of three phase half controlled rectifier
Three single phase half wave converters can be connected to form a three phase half wave converter.
Similarly three phase semi converter uses 3 SCRs T1, T3 & T5 and 3 diodes D2, D4&D6 In the circuit
shown above when any device conducts, line voltage is applied across load. so line voltage are necessary
to draw Phase shift between two line voltages is 60 degree & between two phase voltages it is 120 degree
Each phase & line voltage is sine wave with the frequency of 50 Hz.
R,Y,B are phase voltages with respect to ‗N‘.
In the case of a three-phase half wave controlled rectifier with resistive load, the thyristor T 1 is
triggered at ωt=(30°+α)and T 1 conducts up to ωt=180°=&pron; radians. When the phase supply
voltage decreases to zero at , the load current falls to zero and the thyristor T 1 turns off.
Thus T 1 conducts from ωt=(30° + α) to (180°).

Hence the average dc output voltage for a 3-pulse converter (3-phase half wave controlled
rectifier) is calculated by using the equation

2π 2π
3 +α
The average output voltage V avg = π
2π +α
3
Vmlsinwt d(wt) + π
3
Vmlsinwt d(wt)
3 3

3𝑉𝑚𝑙
= 2𝜋
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼

The back emf equation of DC series motor is Eb = KaɸN = KaIaN

T = KaIa2

Eb = Vt - IaRa
3𝑉𝑚𝑙
Eb = 2𝜋
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 − 𝐼𝑎𝑅𝑎
3𝑉𝑚𝑙
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 −𝐼𝑎𝑅𝑎
2𝜋
N= 𝐾𝑎𝐼𝑎

Numerical problems on three phase semi controlled converters fed DC motors

1. The speed of a separately excited dc motors is controlled by a three phase semi converter from a
three phase 415V 50Hz supply. The motor constants are inductance 10mH, resistance 0.9Ω and
armature constant 1.5 v-s/rad. Calculate the speed of the motor at a torque of 50Nmwhen
converter is fired at 450. Neglect losses in the converter
 Kaɸ = 1.5 v-s/rad
T= KaɸIa = 50Nm
Ia = 50/1.5 = 33.33A
3Vmlcosα/2π = Eb+IaRa
3 2415
𝑐𝑜𝑠45 = 1.5 ∗ 𝑤 + 33.33 ∗ 0.9
2𝜋
198.147 = 1.5w+30
W= 168.147/1.5 = 112rps = 1069rpm

2. A 600V, 1500rpm, 80A separately excited dc motor is fed through a three- phase semi converter
from 3-phase400supply. Motor armature resistance is 1 Ω the armature current assumed constant.

For a firing angle of 450 at 1200rpm ,compute the rms value of source and thyristor currents,
average value of thyristor current and the input supply power factor

Three Phase Fully Controlled Converter Fed Separately Excited D.C Motor Drive
Three phase controlled rectifiers are used in large power DC motor drives. Three phase
controlled rectifier gives more number of voltages per cycle of supply frequency. This makes motor
current continuous and filter requirement also less.

The number of voltage pulses per cycle depends upon the number of thyristors and their
connections for three phase controlled rectifiers. In three phase drives, the armature circuit is connected
to the output of a three phase controlled rectifier.

Three phase drives are used for high power applications up to megawatts power level. The
ripple frequency of armature voltage is greater than that of the single phase drives and its requires less
inductance in the armature circuit to reduce the armature current ripple

Three phase full converter are used in industrial application up to 1500KW drives. It is a two quadrant
converter

Figure: 3 circuit diagram three phase full controlled rectifier

Figure: 4 output waveforms of three phase full controlled rectifier

Eb = Vt - IaRa
π
6 2 +α
Vavg = π
2π +α
Vod(wt)
6

π
Vo = Vab = 3 Vm sin wt + 6
π
3 2 +α π
Vavg = π
π +α
3 Vm sin wt + 6 d(wt)
6

3 3𝑉𝑚
= 𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
3𝑉𝑚𝑙
= 𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼

3𝑉𝑚𝑙
Eb = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 - IaRa
𝜋

N= Eb/ Kaɸ
Numerical problems on three phase fully controlled converters fed DC motors

5. The speed of a separately excited dc motors is controlled by a three phase semi converter from a
three phase 415V 50Hz supply. The motor constants are inductance 10mH, resistance 0.9Ω and
armature constant 1.5 v-s/rad. Calculate the speed of the motor at a torque of 50Nmwhen
converter is fired at 450. Neglect losses in the converter
Kaɸ = 1.5 v-s/rad
T= KaɸIa = 50Nm
Ia = 50/1.5 = 33.33A
3Vmlcosα/2π = Eb+IaRa
3 2415
𝑐𝑜𝑠45 = 1.5 ∗ 𝑤 + 33.33 ∗ 0.9
2𝜋
198.147 = 1.5w+30
W= 168.147/1.5 = 112rps = 1069rpm

6. A 100kW, 500 V, 2000 rpm separately excited dc motor is energized from 400 V, 50Hz, 3-phase
source through a 3-phase full converter. The voltage drop in conducting thyristors is 2V. The dc
motor parameters are as under: Ra =0.1Ω,Km=1.6V-s/rad, La=8mH. Rated armature
current=21A. No-load armature current =10% of rated current. Armature current is continuous
and ripple free.
i. Find the no-load speed at firing angle of 300
ii. Find the firing angle for a speed of 2000 rpm at rated armature current. Determine also
the supply power factor.