Created by T.

Madas

Jordan-Gauss
Elimination

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Unique Solutions

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 1
Solve the following simultaneous equations by manipulating their augmented matrix
into reduced row echelon form.

 1 1 −3  x   6 
    
 2 1 4  y  =  3 
 5 2 16  z   4 
    

V , MM1Q , x = −10, y = 19, z = 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2

x + 3 y + 5z = 6
6x − 8 y + 4z = − 3
3 x + 11 y + 13 z = 17

Solve the above system of simultaneous equations by manipulating their augmented

V , MM1A , x = − 1 , y = 1 , z = 1
2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3

x + 5 y + 7 z = 41
5x − 4 y + 6z = 2
7 x + 9 y − 3z = 1

Solve the above system of simultaneous equations by manipulating their augmented

MM1U , x = −2, y = 3, z = 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4

4x + 2 y + 7 z = 2
10 x − 4 y − 5 z = 50
4x + 3 y + 9z = − 2

Solve the above system of simultaneous equations by manipulating their augmented

MM1O , x = 4, y = 0, z = −2

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 5

x + 3 y + 2 z = 14
2x + y + z = 7
3x + 2 y − z = 7

Solve the above system of simultaneous equations by manipulating their augmented

x = 1, y = 3, z = 2

Question 6

2 x + 5 y + 3z = 2
x + 2 y + 2z = 4
x + y + 4 z =11

Solve the above simultaneous equations by manipulating their augmented matrix into
reduced row echelon form.

x = 12, y = −5, z = 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7

2x + y − z = 3
x + 3y + z = 2
3x + 2 y − 3z = 1

Solve the above system of simultaneous equations by manipulating their augmented

x = 3, y = −1, z = 2

Question 8
Solve the following simultaneous equations by manipulating their augmented matrix
into reduced row echelon form.

 1 2 1  x   1 
    
 1 1 3  y  =  2 
 3 5 3  z   4 
    

x = 3, y = −1, z = 0

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9

x + 3 y + 2 z = 13
3x + 2 y − z = 4
2x + y + z = 7

Solve the above system of simultaneous equations by manipulating their augmented

x = 1, y = 2, z = 3

Question 10
Solve the following simultaneous equations by manipulating their augmented matrix
into reduced row echelon form.

 1 1 1  x   5 
    
 2 4 2  y  =  8 
 1 2 2  z   8 
    

x = 2, y = −1, z = 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11

x + 5 y + 7 z = 41
5x − 4 y + 6z = 2
7 x + 9 y − 3z = k

Use the Jordan Gauss algorithm to determine the solution of the above system of
simultaneous equations, giving the answers in terms of the constant k .

k − 27 k + 77 105 − k
MM1K , x = , y= , z=
13 26 26

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Non-Unique Solutions

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 1

x + y + 2z = 2
2x − y + z = − 2
3x + y + 4 z = 2

Show, by reducing the augmented matrix of the above system of equations into row
echelon form, that the solution can be written as

x = −t , y = 2−t , z=t

where t is a scalar parameter.

FP1-Q , proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 2

x + 2y + z =1
x + y + 3z = 2
3x + 5 y + 5 z = 4

Show that the solution of the above simultaneous equations is

x = 3 − 5t , y = 2t − 1 , z=t

where t is a parameter.

V , MM1E , proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 3

3 x − 2 y − 18 z = 6
2 x + y − 5 z = 25

Show, by reducing the above system of equations into row echelon form, that the
solution can be written as

r = 8i + 9 j + λ ( 4i − 3j + k ) ,

where λ is a scalar parameter.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4

x + y − 2z = 2
3x − y + 6 z = 2
6 x + 5 y − 9 z =11

Show, by reducing the above equation system into row echelon form, that the
consistent solution of the system can be written as

x = 1− t , y = 3t + 1 , z=t

where t is a scalar parameter.

MM1I , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5

3x − y − 5 z = 5
2 x + y − 5 z =10
x + y − 3z = 7

Show, by reducing the above system into row echelon form, that the consistent
solution of the system can be written as

x = 2t + 3 , y = t +4, z=t.

V , MM1G , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6

x + 5 y + 2z = 9
2x − y + 2z = 4

Show, by reducing the above system of equations into row echelon form, that the
solution can be written as

x = Aλ + B , y = Cλ + D , x = Eλ + F

where A , B , C , D , E and F are integers, and λ is a scalar parameter.

V , x = 12λ + 7 , y = 2λ + 2 , z = −11λ − 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7

x +y +z=0
2x + 4z + w = −1
3x + 2 y + 4 z + w = 0

Find a general solution of the above system of simultaneous equations.

 x  −1   −2 
     
y 1 1
V,   =   + t 
z  0  1
     
 w  1  0

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Cramer's Rule

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 1
Use Cramer's rule to solve the following system of simultaneous equations.

3x + y + 2 z = 11
x +y +z =4
x − y + 2z = 9

No credit will be given for using alternative solution methods.

MM1N , x = 2 , y = −1 , z = 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2
Use Cramer's rule to solve the following system of simultaneous equations.

3x − y + z = 7
x + y + 2z = 7
x + 3y + z = 0

No credit will be given for using alternative solution methods.

MM1L , x = 1 , y = − 3 , z = 4
2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3

x + 2 y + 3z = 5
3 x + y + 2 z =18
4 x − y + z = 27

Solve the above system of the simultaneous equations ...

a) ... by manipulating their augmented matrix into reduced row echelon form.

b) ... by using Cramer's rule.

MM1B , x = 6, y = −2, z = 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 4

7 x +2 y −3 z = 30
3 x +4 y −5 z = 14
5 x −3 y +4 z = 18

Solve the above system of the simultaneous equations by using Cramer's rule.

MM1D , x = 4, y = −2, z = −2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5

x+ y + z + w =2
2 x − y + 2 z − w =1
3 x + y − z − w =1
4 x + 2 y + 3z − 2w = 0

Use Cramer's rule to find the value of w in the above system of the simultaneous
equations

MM1H , w = 3
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6
Use Cramer's rule to find the value of x in the following system of simultaneous
equations.

2x + y −z +t = 9
x + y +z −w −t = 0
2 x − y − z + 2 w + 2t = 12
x +2 y +w +t =8
3x +z −w =6

No credit will be given for using alternative solution methods.

MM1J , x = 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Matrix Inverse

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1
The 3 × 3 matrix C is given below.

1 2 1
 
C = 2 1 1 .
 1 4 2
 

a) Use the standard method for finding the inverse of a 3 × 3 matrix, to determine
the elements of C−1 .

b) Verify the answer of part (a) by obtaining the elements of C−1 , by using a
method involving elementary row operations.

 2 0 −1 
V , MM1C , C −1  
=  3 −1 −1
 −7 2 3


Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2
The 4 × 4 matrix A is given below.

 3 2 3 1
 
−2 −1 −1 0
A= .
 3 2 4 2
 
 3 2 3 2

Find A −1 , by using a method involving elementary row operations.

 −2 −2 1 0 
 
4 3 −3 1 
MM1F , A = 
 0 0 1 −1 
 
 −1 0 0 1

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Various

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1
The following four vectors are given.

 2  −1  1 1
u =  −1 , v =  1 , w =  −1 , p = 1 .
 1  2  −1 1

a) Show that u , v and w are linearly independent.

b) Express p in terms of u , v and w .

MM1L , p = 2u − 4 v − 7 w

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2
The following three vectors are given.

1  7  5 
u = 1  , v =  3 , w =  2  .
 0  4  3 

a) Show that u , v and w are linearly dependent.

b) Find a linear relationship, with integer coefficients, between u , v and w .

MM1P , u = 3v − 4w

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3
The following four vectors are given.

1   3  1  1
1   0  −1   −1
u= , v =  , w= , p =  .
0  1  0  −1
       
1   −1   −1   0

a) Show that these four vectors are linearly dependent.

b) Express p in terms of u , v and w .

MM1N , p = 3 u − v + 5 w
2 2

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Created by T. Madas