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(I) (x+4) (x+10) (Ii) (x+8) (x-10) (Iii) (3x+4) (3x+2x) (Iv) (V) (3-2x) (3+2x)

The document provides examples of using factorisation identities to evaluate products and expressions involving variables. It asks the reader to factorize expressions involving squares, cubes, and combinations of variables. It also asks the reader to expand expressions and verify factorisation identities. The document contains solutions demonstrating how to apply identities like difference of two squares, perfect square trinomials, and sum and difference of cubes to factorize polynomials and evaluate expressions.

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Himanshu Jethwani
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117 views

(I) (x+4) (x+10) (Ii) (x+8) (x-10) (Iii) (3x+4) (3x+2x) (Iv) (V) (3-2x) (3+2x)

The document provides examples of using factorisation identities to evaluate products and expressions involving variables. It asks the reader to factorize expressions involving squares, cubes, and combinations of variables. It also asks the reader to expand expressions and verify factorisation identities. The document contains solutions demonstrating how to apply identities like difference of two squares, perfect square trinomials, and sum and difference of cubes to factorize polynomials and evaluate expressions.

Uploaded by

Himanshu Jethwani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Ex 2.

5
Use suitable identities to find the following products:
(i) (x+4)(x+10)
(ii) (x+8)(x-10)
(iii) (3x+4)(3x+2x)

(iv) ( )(  )
(v) (3-2x)(3+2x)
Solution:

Evaluate the following products without multiplying directly:


(i) 103 x 107
(ii) 95 x 96
(iii) 104 x 96
Solution:
(i) 103 x 107 = (100 + 3) (100 + 7)
= (100)2 + (3 + 7) (100) + 3 x 7
= 100 x 100 + (10)(100) + 21
= 10000 +1000 + 21 = 11021

(ii) 95 x 96 = (100 – 5) (100 – 4)


= (100)2 + (-5 – 4)(100) + (-5)(-4) – 100 x 100 + (-9)(100) + 20
= 10000 – 900 + 20 = 9120

(iii) 104 x 96 = (100 + 4)(100 – 4)


= (100)2 – (4)2
= 10000 -16
= 9984

Factorise the following using appropriate identities :


(i) 9x2 + 6xy + y2
(ii) 4y2 – 4y +1

(iii) x2–
Solution:

Expand each of the following, using suitable identities :


(i) (x + 2y + 4z)2
(ii) (2x -y +z)2
(iii) (-2x + 3y + 2z)2
(iv) (3a – 7b -c)2
(v) (-2x + 5y – 3z)2

(vi)  2

Solution:
Question 5.
Factorise:
(i) 4x2 + 9y2 + 16z2 + 12xy – 24yz -16xz
(ii) 2x2+ y2 + 822 – 2 xy + 4 yz – 8×2
Solution:
(i) 4x2 +9y2 +16z2 +12xy-24yz-16xz
= (2x)2 + (3y)2 + (-4z)2 + 2(2x)(3y) + 2(3y)(-4z) + 2(-4z)(2x)
= (2x +3y – 4z)2
(ii) 2x2 + y2 + 8z2 – 2 xy + 4 yz-8xz
= (- x)2 + (y)2 + (2 z)2 + (2 –  x) (y) + 2(y) (2 z) + 2(2 z)(- x)
= (- x + y + 2 z)2

Question 6.
Write the following cubes in expanded form :
(i) (2x+1)3
(ii) (2a-3b)3

(iii)  3

(iv)  3

Solution:
Question 7.
Evaluate the following using suitable identities :
(i) (99)3
(ii) (102)3
(iii) (998)3
Solution:

Question 8.
Factorise each of the following:
(i) 8a3 + b3 + 12a26 + 6ab2
(ii) 8a3 – b3 -12a26 + 6a62
(iii) 27 – 125a3 – 135 a + 225 a2 

(iv) 
Solution:

Question 9.
Verify:
(1) x3 + y3 = x + y)(x2-xy + y2)
(ii) x3-y3 = (x-y)(x2 + xy + y2)
Solution:
(i) We know that,
(x + y)3 = x3 + y3 + 3xy(x + y)
=> x3 + y3 = (x + y)3 -3xy(x + y)
= (x + y)[(x + y)2 -3xy]
= (x + y) [x2 + y2 + 2xy – 3xy] = (x + y)[x2 + y2 – xy]
= RHS  Hence proved.

(ii) We know that, (x – y)3 = x3 – y3 -3xy(x – y)


=>x3 – y3 = (x – y)3 + 3xy(x – y)
= (x-y)[(x – y)2 +3xy]
= (x -y)[x2 + y2 -2xy + 3xy]
= (x — y)[x2 + y2 + xy]
= RHS  Hence proved.
 Question 10.
Factorise each of the following:
(i) 27y3 + 125z3
(ii) 64m3 -343n3
Solution:
(i) 27 y3 +125z3 = (3y)3 + (5z)3
= (3y + 5z)[(3y)2 – (3y)(5z) + (5z)2]
= (3y + 5z) (9 y2 – 15yz + 25z2)

(ii) 64m3 -343n3 = (4m)3 -(7n)3
= (4m-7n)[(4m)2 + (4m)(7n) + (7n)2]
= (4m – 7n)[16m2 + 28mn + 49n2]

Question 11.
Factorise :
27x3 + y3 + z3 – 9xyz
Solution:
27x3 +y3 +z3 -9xyz = (3x)3 + y3 +z3 -3(3x)(y)(z)
= (3x + y + z)[(3x)2 + y2 + z2 – (3x)y – yz -z(3x)]
= (3x + y + z)(9x2 + y2 + z2 -3xy – yz -3zx)

Question 12.
Verify that

x3 + y3 +z3 -3xyz =   (x + y + z)[(x -y)2 +(y-z)2 +(z-x)2]


Solution:
We have, x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz
= (x + y + z) [x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx]*2/2
=  (x + y+ z)[2x2 +2y2 +2z2 -2xy-2yz -2zx]
=  (x + y + z)[x2 + x2 + y2 + y2 + z2 + z2 -2xy-2yz-2zx]
=  (x + y + z)[x2 + y2 – 2xy + y2 + z2 -2yz + z2 + x2 – 2zx]
=  (x + y + z)[(x-y)2 + (y-z)2 +(z-x)2]

Question 13.
If x + y + z = 0, show that x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz.
Solution:
We know that,
x3 +y3 + z3 – 3xyz = (x + y + z)(x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz-zx)
= 0(x2 + y2 + z2 – xy- yz-zx) (∵ x + y + z = 0 given)
=0
=> x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz        Hence proved.

Question 14.
Without actually calculating the cubes, find the value of each of the
following: 
(i) (-12)3 + (7)3 + (5)3
(ii) (28)3 + (-15)3 + (-13)3.
Solution:
(i) We know that, x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz
= (x + y + z)(x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx)
Also, we know that, if
x+y+z=0
Then, x3 + y3 +z3 = 3 xyz
Given expression is (-12)3 + (7)3 + (5)3.
Here,            -12 + 7 + 5=0
∴ (-12)3 + (7)3 + (5)3 = 3 x (-12) x 7 x 5 = -1260

(ii) Given expression is (28)3 + (-15)3 + (-13)3


Here, 28 + (-15) + (-13) = 28 -15-13 = 0
∴  (28)3 + (-15)3 + (-13)3 = 3 x (28) x (-15) x (-13) = 16380

Question 15.
Give possible expressions for the length and the breadth of each of
the following rectangles, in which their areas are given :
(i) Area = 25a2 – 35a + 12
(ii) Area = 35y2 + 13y – 12.
Solution:
(i) We have,
Area of rectangle = 25a2 – 35a +12 [by splitting the middle term]
= 25a2 -20a-15a+12
= 5a(5a – 4) – 3(5a – 4)
= (5a-4)(5a-3)
Hence, possible expression for length = (5a – 3) and possible expression
for breadth = (5a – 4)

(ii) We have,
Area of rectangle = 35y+ 13y -12
= 35y2 + (28 – 15)y -12
= 35y2 + 28y-15y-12
= (35y2 +28y)-(15y + 12)
= 7y(5y + 4) – 3(5y + 4)
= (7y – 3) (5y + 4)

Question 16.
What are the possible expressions for the dimensions of the cuboids whose
volumes are given below?
(i) Volume = 3x2 – 12x
(ii) Volume = 12ky2 + 8ky – 20k.
Solution:
(i) We have,
Volume of cuboid = 3x2 -12x = 3x(x – 4)
So, the possible expressions for the dimensions of the cuboids are 3, x and
x – 4.
[∵ volume of cuboid = length x breadth x height]

(ii) We have,
Volume of cuboid = 12ky2 + 8ky – 20k = 12ky2 + (20 -12)ky – 20k [by
splitting the middle term]
= 12ky2 + 20 ky – 12ky – 20 k = 4ky(3y + 5) – 4k(3y + 5) = (3y + 5)(4ky –
4k)
= (3y + 5)4k(y -1) = 4k(3y + 5)(y -1)
So, the possible expressions for the dimensions of the cuboid are 4 k, 3y +
5 and y -1.

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