BENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 1 (MAT 2018)

TUTORIAL SHEET #6 (online) AY 2020 – 2021, SEMESTER ONE

SOLUTION

1. Locate the stationary points on the following surfaces. Determine the nature of each and
calculate the critical function values:
a) 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 3
𝑧𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑥 2 = 0; 𝑧𝑦 = 2𝑦 − 𝑥 = 0
From second equation, 𝑥 = 2𝑦.
Substitute into first equation: 2(2𝑦) − 𝑦 + 3(2𝑦)2 = 0
1
3𝑦 + 12𝑦 2 = 0; 3𝑦(1 + 4𝑦) = 0; 𝑦 = 0, −
4
1 1 1
SPs: (− , − ,
2 4 16
) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0, 0, 0)

Nature (second order partial derivatives): 𝑧𝑥𝑥 = 2 + 6𝑥, 𝑧𝑦𝑦 = 2; 𝑧𝑥𝑦 = −1

1 1 1
At (− , − ,
2 4 16
) ; 𝐷 = (−1)(2) − 1 = −3, 𝑠𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒

At (0, 0, 0); 𝐷 = (2)(2) − 1 = 3, 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚

b) 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4
𝑧𝑥 = 𝑦 − 2 = 0 → 𝑦 = 2
𝑧𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2 = 0; 𝑥 − 4 − 2 = 0, 𝑥 = 6
𝑧 = (6)(2) − 62 − 22 − 2(6) − 2(2) + 4 = 12 − 36 − 4 − 12 − 4 + 4 = −40
SP (6, 2, −40)
𝑧𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝑧𝑦𝑦 = −2, 𝑧𝑥𝑦 = 1
𝐷 = (0)(−2) − 1 = −1, 𝑠𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒

1
c) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 3𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑦
𝑓𝑥 = −6𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 0 → 𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑓𝑦 = 6𝑦 − 6𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 = 0
Substituting 𝑦 = 𝑥 in the second equation: 6𝑦 − 6𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 = 0
12𝑦 − 6𝑦 2 = 6𝑦(2 − 𝑦) = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 2
SPs: (0, 0, 0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2, 2, 8)
Nature (second order partial derivatives): 𝑧𝑥𝑥 = −6, 𝑧𝑦𝑦 = 6 − 12𝑦, 𝑧𝑥𝑦 = 6
At (0, 0, 0), 𝐷 = (−6)(6) − 36 = −72, 𝑠𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒
At (2, 2, 8), 𝐷 = (−6)(−18) − 36 = 72, 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚

d) 𝑧 = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 4 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦
𝑧𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑦 = 0; 𝑧𝑦 = −4𝑦 − 8𝑦 3 + 3𝑥 2 = 0
In equation 1, 3𝑥(𝑥 + 2𝑦) = 0 → 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = −2𝑦
If 𝑥 = 0, −4𝑦 − 8𝑦 3 = 0; −4𝑦(1 + 2𝑦 2 ) = 0; 𝑦 = 0, 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛
SP is (𝟎, 𝟎, 𝟎)
If 𝑥 = −2𝑦; = −4𝑦 − 8𝑦 3 + 3(−2𝑦)2 = 0; −4𝑦 − 8𝑦 3 + 12𝑦 2 = 0
1
−4𝑦(2𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 + 1) = 0; −4𝑦(2𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 − 1) = 0; 𝑦 = 0, , 1
2
𝟏
SPs are (𝟎, 𝟎, 𝟎), (−𝟏, , ___) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (−𝟐, 𝟏, ___)
𝟐

Nature (second order partial derivative test)

𝑧𝑥𝑥 = 6𝑥 + 6𝑦, 𝑧𝑦𝑦 = −4 − 24𝑦 2 , 𝑧𝑥𝑦 = 6𝑥
At (0, 0, 0), 𝐷 = (0)(−4) − (0) = 0, 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒. 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑠
1
At (−1, , __) , 𝐷 = (−3)(−10) − 36 = −6, 𝑠𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒
2

At (−2, 1, __), 𝐷 = (−6)(−28) − 144 = 24, 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚

e) 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 − 4𝑥𝑦
𝑧𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 − 4𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 3 = 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧𝑦 = 4𝑦 3 − 4𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥 = 𝑦 3

2
 Using the method of substitution:
(𝑦 3 )3 = 𝑦 → 𝑦 9 − 𝑦 = 0
Factorising gives:
𝑦(𝑦 8 − 1) = 0
So, 𝑦 = 0, 1, −1
Then 𝑥 = 0, 1, −1
And 𝑧 = 0, −2, −2
SPs are :(0, 0, 0), (1, 1, −2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−1, −1, −2)
Nature (Second-order partial derivative test):
𝑧𝑥𝑥 = 12𝑥 2 , 𝑧𝑦𝑦 = 12𝑦 2 , 𝑧𝑥𝑦 = −4
At (0, 0, 0); 𝐷 = (0)(0) − 16 = −16, 𝑠𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒
At (1, 1, −2); 𝐷 = (12)(12) − 16 = +𝑣𝑒, 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚
At (−1, −1, −2); 𝐷 = (12)(12) − 16 = +𝑣𝑒, 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚
2. Using the method of LaGrange multipliers, find the critical point(s) of the function,
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 6 subject to the given constraint: 2𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 20.
𝑓𝑥 = 2𝑥, 𝑓𝑦 = 8𝑦, 𝑔𝑥 = 2, 𝑔𝑦 = −8
2𝑥 = 2𝜆; 8𝑦 = −8𝜆 → 𝑦 = −𝑥
Substitute into the constraint gives, 2𝑥 − 8(−𝑥) = 20 → 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = −2
𝑧 = 26
3. Using Lagrange multiplier, find the maximum value of the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦 subject
to the constraint 4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 = 32. State the x and y values required to achieve the
maximum.
𝑓𝑥 = 𝜆𝑔𝑥 𝑦 = 𝜆8𝑥 𝑓𝑦 = 𝜆𝑔𝑦 𝑥 = 18𝑦𝜆
𝑦 𝑥
→𝜆= = → 18𝑦 2 = 8𝑥 2 → 9𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 2
8𝑥 18𝑦
2
9𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 = 0 = (3𝑦 − 2𝑥)(3𝑦 + 2𝑥) = 0; 𝑦 = ± 𝑥
3
2 2
Substitute in constraint gives: 4𝑥 2 + 9 (± 𝑥) = 32;
3

3
 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 2 = 32; 8𝑥 2 = 32 → 𝑥 2 = 4 → 𝑥 = ±2
4
𝑦=±
3
The maximum value is achieved by either using positives only for x and y OR negatives
4 4
only, that is (2, ) 𝑜𝑟 (−2, − ).
3 3

4 8
𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 × =
3 3

4. The temperature T at any point (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) in space is𝑇 = 200𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 . Find the highest
temperature on the surface of the sphere 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 4.(Use Lagrange Multipliers)
𝑇𝑥 = 200𝑦𝑧 2 , 𝑇𝑦 = 200𝑥𝑧 2 , 𝑇𝑧 = 400𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔𝑥 = 2𝑥, 𝑔𝑦 = 2𝑦, 𝑔𝑧 = 2𝑧
200𝑦𝑧 2 = 2𝑥𝜆
2 2
𝑧2 2
𝑧2
(200𝑥𝑧 = 2𝑦𝜆) → 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 =
2 2
400𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 2𝑧𝜆
𝑧2 𝑧2
Substitute in constraint gives: + + 𝑧 2 = 4 → 𝑧 = ±√2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥, 𝑦 = ±1
2 2

𝑇 = 200(2) = 400 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 and lowest is -400 units.

5. The temperature at a point (x, y) on a metal plate is 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 . An ant on

the plate walks around the circle of radius 5 units centered at the origin. What are the highest
and lowest temperatures encountered by the ant?
The constraint is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25 (𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒)
8𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 2𝑥𝜆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2𝑦𝜆
8𝑥 − 4𝑦 2𝑦 − 4𝑥
𝜆= =
2𝑥 2𝑦
Cross-multiply:
2𝑦(8𝑥 − 4𝑦) = 2𝑥(2𝑦 − 4𝑥)
16𝑥𝑦 − 8𝑦 2 = 4𝑥𝑦 − 8𝑥 2 → 8𝑥 2 + 16𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥𝑦 − 8𝑦 2 = 0 → 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 2 = 0
2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 2 = 2𝑥(𝑥 + 2𝑦) − 𝑦(𝑥 + 2𝑦) = (2𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 2𝑦) = 0
𝑦 = 2𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = −2𝑦
4
 Substitute 𝑦 = 2𝑥 in constraint: 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 2 = 25 → 𝑥 ± √5, 𝑦 = ±2√5
Substitute 𝑥 = −2𝑦 in constraint: 4𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25 → 𝑦 = ±√5, 𝑥 = ∓2√5
𝑇(√5, 2√5) = 4(5) − 4√5(2√5) + 20 = 20 − 40 + 20 = 0𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

𝑇(−√5, −2√5) = 4(5) − 4(−√5)(−2√5) + 20 = 0𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

𝑇(2√5, −√5) = 4(20) − 4 × 2√5(−√5) + 5 = 80 + 40 + 5 = 125𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

𝑇(−2√5, √5) = 4(20) − 4 × 2√5(−√5) + 5 = 125𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Max. temp 80 and min temp 45 units

Prepared by Terry-Ann Russell (tarussell@utech.edu.jm) November 3, 2020

Revised July 26, 2021