FLIGHT TECHNIQUE

Version 2.2
 PREFIX-A
About this manual

This manual is intended for flight simulation purposes only, and should not be
used for training or real life operations.

In this manual, you will find a compressive explanation of the flight technique of the
Sky Simulations MD-11. However it does not replace the operations manual
reading. Please take a time to read and understand the OPERATIONS MANUAL
before reading this manual.

As this manual is intended to provide you the flight technique of the Sky
Simulations MD-11 we will advocate directly on the functions and operations of the
aircraft.

Important Considerations.

- Cargo and Balance

The Sky Simulations MD-11 comes from factory, with a Maximum Takeoff weight
configuration.

In the past, the user could change fuel and payload (weight) values directly or by
using third-party software such as FS Passenger and others.

These options are still valid, however, since version 2.2 an Aircraft Manager was
implemented by pressing Shift + 4

A correct CG (center of gravity) position must be between 12% to 34% (Those are
de limits) of the MAC

You can see the position of the CG on the EICAS OIL and FUEL DISPLAY

PLEASE refer to the operations manual for more info.

 - AIRCRAFT MANAGER

This is the field Fuel quantity by tank: Center of By pressing the

where you can 1 - Left Tank gravity OK button, the
adjust the Total 2 - Center Tank indicator. changes made
amount of fuel. 3 - Right Tank in the manager
AUX - Auxiliary tank will take effect.
TAIL – Tail tank

CABIN 3 CABIN 2 CABIN 1

Adjustment field Adjustment field Adjustment field
(by PAX QTY) (by PAX QTY) (by PAX QTY)

AFT FWD EXTRA CREW

CARGO BIN CARGO BIN Adjustment
Adjustment Adjustment field
field field (by PAX QTY)
(Weight) (Weight)
PLEASE refer to the operations manual for more info.

- AUTOMATIC – MAN Modes

The MD-11 incorporates advanced systems that will provide automatic system
management with a manual control option.
In this simulation, systems such as Electric, Fuel, Hydraulic, Air and Pressurization
are totally automatic but can be switchable to Manual mode.

These systems can be switched from automatic to manual, just by clicking directly
on the SYSTEM button on each system panel.

PLEASE refer to the operations manual for more info.

- FUEL

The MD-11 add´s an new auxiliary tank with respect of DC-10 located in the
horizontal stabilizer and it’s known as The TAIL TANK.

This new element fulfills important functions and basically has two primary
functions:

First: It helps with the adjustment of the trim, this is because with the addition of the
"extra plug" in fuselage after the wings, the tail tank acts as an element which
makes easier the balance of the CG (Center of gravity).

Second: Provides an additional fuel which extends the range of the aircraft.

The system will operate in AUTOMATIC mode (except when the MANUAL mode is
selected) and it will work with following logic:
The Main Tanks must be filled first, before the TAIL Tank and Auxiliary Tank.
The system in the case of use of Auxiliary tank, it will use this fuel first, transferring
fuel with the tail tank in order to balance the aircraft. Below 19750 ft the fuel will be
transferred forward.

On the development of the flight you must manage the fuel of the tail tank to
assure a proper CG configuration. You can do this transferring the fuel of the tail
tank to the Main Center Tank and vice versa.
1.- COCKPIT PREPARATION PROCEDURE

Cold and Dark Configuration

When the MD-11 is loaded (as normal) it will be executed with the default
configuration (engines running) the systems will automatically switch to normal
operating conditions. However some systems, such as Air Conditioning
temperature selectors and IRS selectors must be adjusted; after that, almost all the
systems are operational.

NOTE: The flight Plan could be created or loaded before loading for first time
the aircraft or during the preflight process.

- Here we will begin with a Cold and Dark cockpit situation.

Open the overhead panel and locate the electrical section.

- Select BAT switch On

The overhead panel will illuminate.

Once the Battery is ON we can select the ground electrical source for starting the
systems.

A.- APU as Electrical Source

Locate the APU panel on the overhead panel.

- Perform an APU fire test

The you can start the APU using the APU START/STOP button

- Start APU

Or Pressing the APU PWR

Note: When the APU is starting, the FAULT light illuminates momentarily. If it
remains illuminated that is an indication that the APU could not be started.

-Once the APU RPM has reached the 100% the Green AVAIL legend will turn on.

-Turn APU PWR on.

- We need to perform an
APU fire test again

This will make almost all orange/red lights extinguished. The Displays, FMC and
all the systems will turn on automatically.

The Generators will keep the legend "ARM" illuminated. This means that the
switches of the generators are "ON" and ready to relay once the generator of each
engine becomes available.

B- GPU as Electrical Source

Call up the external function panel. Shift+6 or

-Switch GPU ON.

-Once the GPU is active the Green AVAIL legend will turn on.

-Turn GPU PWR on.

This will make almost all orange/red lights extinguished. The Displays, FMC and
all the systems will turn on automatically.

The Generators will keep the legend "ARM" illuminated. This means that the
switches of the generators are "ON" and ready to relay once the generator of each
engine becomes available.

-Check TRIM AIR light off.

Now, we to test all lights pushing the TEST button

With this, we will check the AIR SYSTEM too

AIR

In the Automatic Mode the aircraft’s computer manages almost all the air systems.
However, the crew can adjust the temperature of the different compartments for
passenger comfort or cargo management.

Once the aircraft is energized and there is AIR source available (APU Bleed Air or
Pneumatic Plant) We have AIR for engine start or for Air conditioning.

-Turn on the APU Bleed Air

The system automatically engages the Packs and will turn the Isolation valves ON,
in order to supply air bleed for the three Packs.

This can be shown too on the EICAS.

Now we have to turn on the IRU's

-Perform and IRU'S Initialization

Turn the three switches to NAV

The first one which we activate, it will perform an Cargo Fire test.

FMC Initialization

Select A/C Status Page.

Check for MD-11, Check type of engine GE or PW,OP PROGRAMS match ,

current date on
database & PERF FACTOR +0.0.
-Init mode key for flight plan initialization page.

• Enter Depart./Dest. Airports. Press LSK 1R to insert in the flight plan.

• Check Lat/Long cord.

• Insert Flt. Number 4L (must be at least 4 digits)

• Push Initialize IRS prompt 4R.

• Insert Cruise Altitudes

• Enter cost index from flight plan in 6R.

-Press the F-PLN mode key.

• LSK 1L to display the lateral revision page for the departure airport.

• Select SID prompt and select the departure runway, SID, and transition as
required. Enter in flight plan on LSK 6L.
• Continue to string the entire flight plan.

-Check Voice Recorder

-Check Hydraulic Panel

Auxiliary and Transfers pumps OFF
-Check DRIVE guards are in place and dark

Now, we have to ARM the EMERGENCY power switch.

It will perform the Emergency power test and the "ON" light will come up for about
for about 30 seconds
-Adjust the temperature for each compartment (Cockpit, FWD, MID and AFT
Cabin and FWD and AFT Cargo Compartments)
This action can be performed turning the different knobs from each compartment
and can be visually advised on the EICAS –Air Display

Note:
Please refer to operations manual for more detailed information about the Air
Conditioning System.

- ARM Emergency lights

-No Smoking & Seat Belts

ON/AUTO

-Exterior Lights ON
Wing& Runway Turnoff, NAV
-Ground Proximity Warning System

Momentarily hold the GPWS switch in the TEST position.

-Cabin Pressurization

Verify cabin pressure controller is in AUTO

CABIN PRESS VALVE is OPEN

ANTI-ICE/WINDSHLD Control Panel

Ensure all ANTI-ICE and DEFOG switch lights are extinguished .

-Windshield heat ASR

-Fuel Used Reset – Reset

GLARESHIELD

-Select IN or HP as required.

-Rotate inner BAROSET control knob

to desired setting.

-Select HDG readout to MAG.

-Select TRFC, DATA, and VOR/ADF

switches as desired.

Verify all selections appear on PFD of ND.

- Adjust Initial SPD to 250 IAS and HDG

(If required)
Gear Warning System and CONFIG Display

Observe four green lights are illuminated and CTR GEAR

NORM/UP light is extinguished.

Select CONFIG Display, verify four green gear lights are illuminated and
verify configuration display is complete.
-Transponder/TCAS

Verify mode select switch is in STBY.

Select TEST and observe proper PFD/ND display

and aural message

-Adjust TRANSPONDER – STBY

- Check Rudder Trim position to ZERO.

- FLAP T.O. Selector
Rotate FLAP T.O. SEL thumbwheel until required
flap setting is indicated.

-Check and adjust the VHF Radios

FINAL COCKPIT PREPARATION COMPLETE

2.- BEFORE START/PUSH BACK PROCEDURE

- Set Parking Brakes

- Close all the passenger and cargo doors. Also close the cockpit windows.

All the passenger doors, cockpit windows, cargo doors and stairs must be off. Also
on the EICAS – Miscellaneous Display, all the announcements must be
extinguished.

-BEACON ON

-IGNITION
Select A or B system

-FUEL CONTROL PANEL – Check On

All the Red-Orange lights must be off

BEFORE START/PUSH BACK COMPLETE

3.- ENGINE START PROCEDURE

-Check Throttle levers at IDLE

-START Engine 1 with the start switch

Pull START switch and observe switch
light illuminates indicating start valve is
open.

-When Engine 1 N2 Indicator is above of 15%

Fuel Switch ON

-Approximately 45% to 52% N2

Observe ENG START switch pops in and
switch light extinguishes.

Repeat for Engine 2

Repeat for Engine 3

-ENGINE START COMPLETE

4.-AFTER START PROCEDURE

-Detach Ground Crew (If applicable)

External functions panel

- Turn OFF APU Bleed Air

Isolation Valves will turn off

- APU - OFF

- Engine DE-ICE ON
(If conditions requires)

-SET AUTO BRAKES OFF

- CHECK HYDRAULIC PANEL

(All lights extinguished)

-AFTER START COMPLETE

5.-TAXI PROCEDURE

- Check all the ground equipment is removed.

On the external functions panel all the lights must be OFF.

- Extend Flaps and Slats

The required flaps position, is directly related to the
weight of the aircraft, airport elevation , wind speed,
barometric pressure among other factors.

- For short routes, with very low weight we can

use 15 degrees of flaps.

-Typical configuration is with 18 to 25 degrees of

flaps Slats medium extend.
(DIAL A FLAP MUST BE USED)

- For heavy aircraft weights or high airports altitudes,

we can use 28 degrees of flaps.
Setting the Flaps handle between 10 and 28
degrees position and adjusting the DIAL A FLAP
Selector to the desired value (22).
This will fully extend the slats and the flaps will
extend to 22 degrees.

- Check Rudder Trim position to ZERO.

- Check and Adjust Elevator Trim

The elevator trim is shown in the SYSTEM DISPLAY in the OIL or CONFIG page
and it indicates the position of the stabilizer trim.
If the value is positive, it will be shown with the legend "ANU" (Aircraft Nose Up)
and if the value is negative, the indication will become "AND" (Aircraft Nose Down).
The elevator trim must be always adjusted for takeoff. The correct value depends
on various factors such as aircraft weight, weather, airport elevation, Position of the
Center of Gravity, runway length, etc.
The normal ranges for takeoff are between 3.5 and 6.5 ANU (Aircraft Nose Up).
Those values are shown in green, nevertheless, exceeding or lowering this value
will turn the indicator to orange.
In takeoff, if the trim value is not in a green range, an audible warning will be heard
and a Master Caution light will illuminate.

In example:
In a Long route, with almost maximum takeoff weight with a Runway extension
longer than 4,500 meters we could use a range between 6.0 and 6.5 ANU.
However, in a short or medium route, with a reduced quantity of fuel we can use
less trim for takeoff. A value between from 3.5 to 4.5 could be adequate for this
situation.

- Perform a Flight Controls test.

In the Configuration Display all the control surfaces must be actuated until they
reach its maximum range (Indicated when the control surface indicator turns fully
green).

- Adjust Initial SPD and HDG

(If required)

- Set Taxi Lights ON

-TAXI PROCEDURE COMPLETE

6.-BEFORE TAKEOFF PROCEDURE
- Set TRANSPONDER

- Set HI-INT and Landing Lights ON

(Lights extinguished)

- No Smoke and seat belts ON

- Set Autobrake to T.O.

-BEFORE TAKEOFF COMPLETE

7.- TAKE OFF PROCEDURE
- Check for no YELLOW, RED u ORANGE annunciations in the EAD (ENGINE
AND ALERT DISPLAY)

-Cleared for takeoff

Align aircraft on runway.

-When aircraft is aligned with runway, sets throttles to approximately 70% N1,
verifies symmetrical thrust and then advances Throttles to 90.5 to 96 of N1

Set Throttles between 90.5% and 96% of N1

Call “Auto flight, Set Thrust.”

- Engage AutoFlight

Verify T/O THRUST appears in FMA altitude window.

Engaging the AUTOFLIGHT (If a flight plan is loaded), the system will
automatically engage the FMS SPD and advance the throttles to TAKEOFF
position and will manage the SPEED until another mode is commanded.

Verify that V-speeds are displayed between throttle and advance to T/O thrust and
call “80 knots.”

-At 80 KIAS
Verify airspeed and T/O CLAMP in the PFD altitude window.

-V1 Speed
Verify airspeed at V1 and place both hands on the control wheel.

-V2 Speed
Pull the wheel in order to attain V2 + 10 at 35 feet AGL with three engines
operating
Tail strikes may occur with pitch angles in excess of 12° below 35 feet AGL.

-Positive rate of climb

After listening to “Positive Rate of climb,” verify positive rate and call “Positive
Rate, Gear up.”

Continue acceleration to maintain V2 + 10 or maximum pitch (25°). At or above

400 feet “Auto Flight” is available but not required.

At or above 400 feet:

If there is a flight plan loaded and no ATC restriction, Engage:

- PROF mode: The Autopilot will capture and hold the FMS pre-programmed
altitude.

-NAV Mode: It will follow the FMS programmed route.

If there is ATC commanded altitude:

-NAV Mode: Will follow the FMS programmed route.

-ALTITUDE HOLD mode: The Autopilot will capture and hold the MCP selected
altitude.

ALTITUDE HOLD is activated pushing (left click) the Altitude Hold knob.

- Press the NAV button to engage lateral navigation.

Note:
Normally, the AFS will automatically activate the lateral navigation if there is a
Flight Plan loaded and the NAV button is engaged. However, in some
circumstances it could not activate this mode.

To check if this mode is activated go to EHSI or ND and check in the left bottom
corner. A magenta G/I NAV indicator should be ON.
If the navigation mode shows IRS NAV in magenta color it means that the
VOR/LOC is activated and not the lateral navigation.

At or above acceleration altitude and flap retract speed, move flaps handle to
FLAP/SLAT 0/EXT position

When the aircraft is at or above Vsr and accelerating, retract SLATS.

-Select AUTOBRAKE OFF

-Disarm Spoiler Handle

TAKE OFF Completed

8.- CLIMB /CRUISE PROCEDURE

At 10000 feet, verify acceleration to en route climb speed.

- RETRACT Landing Lights

At 18000 feet. WING & RUNWAY TURNOFF lights - OFF

Passing transition altitude (18,000 ft), adjust BAROSET to standard pressure.

Climbing
To maintain a safe speed and passenger comfort, we must gradually decrease the
rate of climb once we are closer to acquire our cruise altitude.

- Above 25000 ft we must change or Speed Hold to MACH Hold

Click on MACH in the IAS-MACH selector. This will change the speed reference to
a Mach number. The value will change in the PFD too, and the A/T indication
"Thrust" will change to magenta color, indicating that MACH HOLD is selected.

CLIMB /CRUISE - Completed

9.- DESCEND PROCEDURE

-Check no warnings

(Basic old procedure)

-The descent process varies according to the specific airline company standards
and the specific situation in which the aircraft is in.

A rule of thumb to calculate the distance in which we must start our descent (ToD –
Top of Descent); is to subtract the destiny airport altitude to our present or cruise
altitude. Eliminate the three zeros and then multiply the result by three.

For example: Flying an at altitude of 33,000 ft. and with an airport destination
altitude of 6,000 ft. Subtracting the current altitude minus the destination altitude,
resulting in 27,000, eliminating the last three zeros: 27; finally multiply by three,
and the result is 81.

So, we must start our descent at 81 miles DME from our destination. To this, we
must add an extra distance if, for example, our arrival procedure is using a DME
ARC.

The rate of descent (ROD) varies too, for example we can start with a descend rate
of -2,000 ft / min then we can increase it to -3000 ft / min as for about 6,000 ft.
above our selected altitude we must decrease progressively the rate to -500 ft /
min.

This suggested technique will assure that when we reach our selected altitude, we
will stay on, or below, the established speed or at least, we will be in control of the
speed.

- DEFOG/ WINDSHIELD HEAT

Use of windshield anti-ice when descending into high humidity conditions will
prevent window fogging.

- No Smoke and seat belts ON

- Descending from transition altitude, Set ALTIMETERS

-Turn ON exterior lights (WING& RUNWAY turnoff and LOGO Lt)

When below 10,000ft.

- Adjust Decision Height

8. - Descend - Completed
10.- LANDING PROCEDURE

Suggested Flaps extending speeds

- At or Below 220 IAS: Start extending the Slats

- 200 to 185 IAS: Flaps 5

- 195 to 175 IAS: Flaps 15

- Lower Landing Gear

- Check no annunciations in the ENGINE and ALERT DISPLAY

- At 10,000 ft MSL, turn LDG LT switch to EXT ON and NOSE LT switch to LAND.

- Use the SPEED TABLES to calculate your approach speed

- Arm AUTOSPOILERS

- Set AUTOBRAKES
(If requires)

At 50 feet AGL, verify throttles retard to idle.

After touchdown, fly nose wheel to the runway while raising reverser levers to
reverse idle,

Apply reverse thrust and verify ground spoiler deployment.

Verify autobrake application; apply manual braking if required.

Landing - Completed
11.- AFTER LANDING PROCEDURE

-At 80 KIAS, smoothly move reverse thrust levers to reverse idle detent by 60
KIAS. Move reverser levers to forward idle position by turnoff speed.

-Terminate autobrakes by retracting spoilers or pressing brake pedals or by

momentarily advancing throttle #1 or 3.

- Retract Spoilers

- After clearing the runway, retract FLAPS and Slats

- Transponder - OFF

- LANDING LIGHTS, Runway Turnoff and HI-INT Lights- OFF

- Turn OFF Windshield Heat and ENGINE DEICE

(As required)

- START APU

- STAB TRIM 3 Units

After landing – Completed

12. - ENTERING THE GATE

- Set Exterior Lights

(As required)

- APU BLEED AIR ON

-Transponder STBY

- Entering the gate – Completed.

13. - PARKING

- Set Parking Brakes

- Set Fuel Valves OFF

- Set Anti Collision/ Position Lights OFF/ASR

- Emergency Lights OFF

- Set No Smoking/Seat Belts ON/OFF

13. - Parking - Completed

 Greetings

Sky Simulations would like to thank the support, effort of all the people that help or
contribute in any way on the development of this product.

Special Thanks

Eric Marciano
Douglas S.Dawson
Arne Bartels
Eduardo Rocha
Björn Kesten

for his invaluable contribution in one or another way

We also like to thank to all of our customers for helping us increase realism and
professionalism of our products and our company, without you we are nothing.

MD-11 FMC is based on EASYFMC by Eric Marciano, more info at following

address: http://emarciano.free.fr/EZFMC

The information contained on this manual should not be altered in any way.

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