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    Genbio - Unit 2 - Genetics - L3 - Central Dogma and Biotechnology

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    Erika Jane Bulanhagui
    The document discusses DNA replication, protein synthesis, and biotechnology. It outlines the stages of DNA replication including replication fork formation, primer synthesis, elongation, ligation, and termination. It describes the central dogma where DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins. Biotechnology is defined as using biological agents for technological advancement, with examples like producing vaccines, antibiotics, and genetically modifying crops. Genetic engineering techniques like classical breeding, recombinant DNA technology, gene therapy, and cloning are also summarized.

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    Genbio - Unit 2 - Genetics - L3 - Central Dogma and Biotechnology

    Uploaded by

    Erika Jane Bulanhagui
    9 views32 pages
    The document discusses DNA replication, protein synthesis, and biotechnology. It outlines the stages of DNA replication including replication fork formation, primer synthesis, elongation, ligation, and termination. It describes the central dogma where DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins. Biotechnology is defined as using biological agents for technological advancement, with examples like producing vaccines, antibiotics, and genetically modifying crops. Genetic engineering techniques like classical breeding, recombinant DNA technology, gene therapy, and cloning are also summarized.

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    GENBIO_UNIT 2_GENETICS_L3_CENTRAL DOGMA AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

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    The document discusses DNA replication, protein synthesis, and biotechnology. It outlines the stages of DNA replication including replication fork formation, primer synthesis, elongation, ligation, and termination. It describes the central dogma where DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins. Biotechnology is defined as using biological agents for technological advancement, with examples like producing vaccines, antibiotics, and genetically modifying crops. Genetic engineering techniques like classical breeding, recombinant DNA technology, gene therapy, and cloning are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views32 pages

    Genbio - Unit 2 - Genetics - L3 - Central Dogma and Biotechnology

    Uploaded by

    Erika Jane Bulanhagui
    The document discusses DNA replication, protein synthesis, and biotechnology. It outlines the stages of DNA replication including replication fork formation, primer synthesis, elongation, ligation, and termination. It describes the central dogma where DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins. Biotechnology is defined as using biological agents for technological advancement, with examples like producing vaccines, antibiotics, and genetically modifying crops. Genetic engineering techniques like classical breeding, recombinant DNA technology, gene therapy, and cloning are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 32

    DNA REPLICATION

    PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
    CENTRAL DOGMA
    and
    BIOTECHNOLOGY
    BIOTECHNOLOGY
     Diagram the steps in DNA replication and protein
    synthesis (STEM-BIO 12-IIIa-b-5)
     Outline the processes involved in genetic
    engineering (STEM_BIO11/12-IIIa-b-6)
     Discuss the application of recombinant DNA
    (STEM_BIO11/12-IIIa-b-7)
    DNA REPLICATION
    DNA REPLICATION is the process by which a double-
    stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical
    DNA molecules. Replication is an essential process because,
    whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must
    contain the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent
    cell.
    DNA REPLICATION
    STAGES
    1. Replication fork formation  HELICASE,
    TOPOISOMERASE
    2. Primer synthesis  PRIMASE
    3. Elongation (leading and lagging strand synthesis; primer
    removal)  DNA POLYMERASE, EXONUCLEASE
    4. Ligation  DNA LIGASE
    5. Termination
    PROTEIN SYNTHEIS
    DNA Code ATG CCC GAG TGA
    mRNA
    UAC GGG CUC ACU
    (Codons)
    tRNA
    AUG CCC GAG UGA
    (Anticodons)
    Amino acid
    Methionine Proline Glutamic Acid Stop
    sequence
    BIOTECHNOLOGY
    BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Use of biological agents for technological advancement.
    The primary applications of this technology are…
    (vaccine and antibiotic production) and
    (crop genetic modification in order to
    increase yields).
    , such as fermentation,
    treating oil spills, and producing biofuels
    BIOTECHNOLOGY
    MODIFYING TECHNIQUES:
    A. Classical Breeding (Natural method)
    B. Genetic Engineering (Artificial method)
     Recombinant DNA technology
     Gene splicing
    B. Gene Therapy
    C. Cloning
     Cellular Cloning
     Molecular Cloning
     Reproductive Cloning
    CLASSICAL BREEDING
     breeders make two different breeds of same specie
    mate to have a chance of having an offspring with
    their desired trait.
     The organism that undergone this process is called
    cisgenic organism
    GENETIC ENGINEERING
     Changing the DNA in living
    organisms to create something new by
    means of recombinant DNA
    technology and gene splicing
     The organism that undergone this
    process is called transgenic organism
    Genetically
    Modified
    Organism
    5 processes involved in
    Genetic Engineering
    1. ISOLATION
    2. CUTTING
    3. LIGATION
    4. INSERTION
    5. EXPRESSION
    5 processes involved in Genetic Engineering
    – the desired gene from the donor and the bacterial
    plasmid
    5 processes involved in Genetic Engineering
    – Restriction enzymes act as molecular scissors
    and cut DNA at specific sites called restriction sites

    Restriction site
    Restriction
    site Restriction
    enzymes
    5 processes involved in Genetic Engineering

    Restriction site Restriction site


    Donor DNA
    5 processes involved in Genetic Engineering

    Donor DNA

    Plasmid Sticky Ends


    5 processes involved in Genetic Engineering
    – combining the cut fragments of DNA and forming
    artificial recombinant molecules (rDNA)
    5 processes involved in Genetic Engineering
    – Recombinant DNA introduced into bacterial cell

    Bacterial
    cell
    Bacterial
    chromosome

    Recombinant DNA
    5 processes involved in Genetic Engineering
    – Bacterial cell reproduces by means of Binary
    Fission so as with the recombinant DNA inside making multiple
    copies of the desired gene. When the protein is produced in large
    amounts it is isolated and purified.
    GENE THERAPY
    An application of gene editing technology, in its simplest
    form, it involves the introduction of a good gene at a
    random location in the genome to aid the cure of a disease
    that is caused by a mutated gene. The good gene is usually
    introduced into diseased cells as part of a vector transmitted
    by a virus that can infect the host cell and deliver the foreign
    DNA.
    CLONING
    A method of creating an exact copy of apart of
    genome or the whole organism
    Cellular cloning
     natural occurring, performed by unicellular
    organism
    Molecular Cloning
     reproducing a desired regions or fragments
    of the genome
    Reproductive cloning
     artificial or induced in the laboratory.
    Usually involved multicellular organisms.
    CLONING
    ======ogbl0pvfcxt
    “DOLLY”

    Dolly was born in July 1996 and was


    introduced in March 1997.

    Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell fused 277


    adult mammary gland cells with 277 egg
    cells, but they achieved only thirteen
    pregnancies, and only one pregnancy
    resulted in a live birth.
    CLONING
    “CC or Carbon Copy”

    She was the world's first cloned pet.


    Rainbow (Donor Cat) CC (Cloned Cat)
    CC was born on December 22, 2001, to her
    surrogate mom, Allie.

    CC was genetically identical to Rainbow, the


    cat who donated the genetic material. But the
    cats looked different because coat patterns
    and other features can be determined in the
    womb. Allie (Surrogate Cat)

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