Module 2 1

Laboratory Exercises

2
Austria, Van Warren D. 18-02133 EE-3108

Bal-ot, Chester Dave A. 18-56429

Intended Learning Outcomes
1. Design and test a combinational circuits using different designing techniques
andstrategies
2. Simplified and implement and test a Boolean expression using different
simulationtools
Materials

Basic Logic Gates Connecting wire Wire Stripper

Breadboard (Optional) or Trainer Board Multimeter

Or

Logic Circuit Simulator

Procedures

The following experiment will test the understanding of different methods and
techniques in designing combinational circuits. Results must be documented and
demonstratedto your respective instructor
Experiment 1 : Boolean Algebra
Using the theorem and properties of the Boolean algebra, perform the following
experiments.
1. State the unsimplified Boolean expression for Figure below, and place your answer in
thespace provided. Complete the truth table.
Unsimplified Boolean Expression: F = (Ā(BC’) + A (BC’)) + A(BC)
 Module 2 2
Laboratory Exercises

Implement the unsimplified circuit and complete the truth table.

A B C F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1

2. Reduce the unsimplified expression to its simplest form using the Boolean Laws and Rules.
Show all work below. List each Law or Rule you used next to the line where you applied
it.

F = (Ā(BC� ) + A (BC� )) + A(BC) ————— Unsimplified Boolean Expression

F = (ĀBC� + ABC� ) + ABC

F = (BC� (Ā + A) + ABC
F = BC� (1) + ABC ———————————Complement

F = BC� + ABC

F = B (C� + AC) ———————————— De Morgan’s

F = B (C� + A)

F = BC� + AB —————————————Simplified FormHand

Draw the simplified circuit below:

 Module 2 3
Laboratory Exercises

Implement the simplified circuit and complete the truth table for the simplified simplified
circuit
A B C F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1

Findings and Conclusion

The output of the unsimplified and simplified circuits is the same after utilizing the
Boolean Guideline. This implies that the simplified circuit features a True value. And also, it
can be seen that the simplified circuit needs fewer gates than unsimplified circuits.

3. Implement the expression in its unsimplified form. Create its truth table.

A B C Z

0 0 0 1

0 0 1 0

0 1 0 0

0 1 1 1

1 0 0 1

1 0 1 1

1 1 0 0

1 1 1 1

Using the Boolean properties and Laws and theorem, reduced the circuit into its simplest form.

Z = A� BC + AB� C� + A� B� C� + AB� C + ABC

 Module 2 4
Laboratory Exercises

Z = (A� + A)(BC) + (A + A� )B� C� + AB� C

Z = (1)(BC) + (1)B� C� + AB� C ---------------------------- Complement
Z = (A + 1) (BC) + B� C� + AB� C -------------------- Annulment
Z = ABC + BC + B� C� + AB� CZ

= BC + B� C� + AC(B� + B)

Z = BC + B� C� + AC(1)----------------------------------- Complement
Z = BC + B� C� + AC -------------------------------- Simplified Form

Simplified expression: Z = BC + B� C� + AC

Implement the simplified circuit, test its operation, and create its Truth Table
A B C Z
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1

Findings and Conclusion

It is also recognized that the output of the unsimplified form of the expression has the
same output as the simplified circuit utilizing the Boolean properties and Laws and theorem.
Additionally, it can be found that the simplified expression’s value is True.
The distinction between the truth tables is that the simplified form needs fewer operations
or gates than the unsimplified form.
 Module 2 5
Laboratory Exercises

4. Design a combinational circuit that have 3 inputs and 1 output. The output should be
high whenever the binary value of the input is less than 3, otherwise the output is LOW.
Implement the Design and demonstrate the result to your Instructor.

A B C Y
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0

Circuit Diagram:

Finding and Conclusion

In no. 4, it was observed that the necessary circuit was built by combining three
NOT gates and one OR gate. The circuit was conducted based on the 2x4 Karnaugh map and
arrived with the output Y = 𝐴𝐴𝐴(𝐵𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶)𝐶 . When the double value of the input is less than 3,
the output is seen to be High, or else, the output is observed to be Low.
 Module 2 6
Laboratory Exercises

Experiment 2: KARNAUGH Map

For Design 1 and 2, the student must design their own experiment in order to implement
the given design specification. The experiment should contain a Introduction, Materials,
Procedures, Results and Finding and conclusion. Use the blank spaces provided.

Introduction
The Karnaugh Map or K-map is a table that depicts Boolean algebra without using
Boolean algebra itself. Also K-map simplify the function by means of reducing the number of
gates and inputs. Problem is solved by formulating a circuit. Also, the output of the designed
circuit using the logic gates must be aligned with the ouput on the truth table and the Karnaugh
map.

Design 1
a. You need to control two pumps that supply two different concentrations of reactant
toa chemical process. The strong reactant is used when pH is very far from the desired
value,and the weak reactant when pH is close to desired.
b. You need to ensure that only one of the two pumps runs at any time. Each pump
controller responds to standard logic signals, that is when the input to the pump controller
is 1, the pump operates, and when that input is 0, the pump does not operate.
c. You have a bunch of two-input AND gates (IC chips), OR gates and Inverters, and you
need to design a logic circuit to control the pumps. You can generate a signal that is 1
when Pump S is ON, and 0 when Pump W is ON. Can you design the circuit?
d. In order to solve the problem, consider that the pump controls should receive logical
inverse signals. When one pump signal is one, the other is zero. Given that recognition
this circuit should work. Here, if X is 1, Pump S pumps.

Materials

• 2 Input Controllers
• 2 Inverters/NOT Gates
• 2 AND Gates
• OR Gate
• Output Indicator/Light Bulb
• Logic Circuit Simulator
 Module 2 7
Laboratory Exercises

Procedures
The experiment will the ability to design a circuit using the given condition and basic logic
gates given and also relating the design to the karnaugh map applications. Using the conditions
below, the circuit must be designed:
1. A truth table that depicts the circuit’s inputs and outputs must be created
2. Using the logic circuit simulator, a two-input circuit must be created that only one of
the two pumps runs at any time.
3. Each pump controller responds to standard logic signals, that is when the input to the
pump controller is 1, the pump operates, and when that input is 0, the pump does not
operate.
4. Signal of 1 must generate when Pump S is ON, and 0 when Pump W is ON.

Truth Table
S W Output (T)
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

Karnaugh Map

̅
T = S̄ W + SW

Results
 Module 2 8
Laboratory Exercises

Findings and Conclusion

For Design 1, the Truth table was conducted to urge the output of the
given procedures. The output was plotted in a Karnaugh map and was conducted in
a simulator. The given input comes about in the output expression of T = S� W + SW�. The
expression was plotted, and the method begins where the input for PUMP S
is associated with the NOT door and the second AND gate. Then, the
NOT gate is associated with the primary AND gate. Then, the input PUMP W
is associated with another NOT door and the primary AND door. At that
point, the moment NOT gate is associated with the moment AND gate. Both
AND gates are at that point associated with the OR gate. The OR gate is at that
point associated with the output indicator. The designed circuit fulfills and agrees with
the given parameters and prerequisites. As it were one of the two pumps shows up to be
running at any one minute. Standard logic signals are gotten by each pump controller. As
a result, the circuit is operational and can work with two pumps
that give two distinct quantities of a reactant.
 Module 2 9
Laboratory Exercises

Design 2

Let's reconsider the pump problem. What happens if there are times when you don't want
either pump to pump? Assume you have a digital signal that is 1 when one of the two pumps
is to pump, and 0 when neither pump is to pump. For example, if the pH was very close to
desired you wouldn't want to do anything at all so you wouldn't want either pump to turn on..

You still have the other signal that determines which pump is to pump whenever one of
the pumps should pump.

Devise a circuit that will ensure that both pumps are OFF when the Pump signal is 0 and
that the correct pump pumps when the Pump signal is 1.

The circuit you devise in this section will be simple enough that you can probably
implement it with a few chips although you will need to look for chips with AND gates and
inverters. You should be able to handle that now. Work through the solution in this lesson and
try it out in lab if you can.

Materials

• 3 Input Controllers
• 2 Inverters/NOT Gates
• 3 AND Gates
• OR Gates
• Output Indicator/Light Bulb
• Logic Circuit Simulator

Procedure

The experiment is to create a ciruit that is realted to the first design but with some
modificationin the conditions. Conditions are listed below with some modifications:
1. Add another input signal that determines which pump is to pump whenever one of
thepumps should pump.
2. Both pumps must be OFF when the Pump signal is 0 and that the correct pump
pumpswhen the Pump signal is 1.
 Module 2 10
Laboratory Exercises

Truth Table
P S W Output (T)
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0

T = PS̅ W + PSW
̅

Results

000

010
 Module 2 11
Laboratory Exercises

001

001

100

110

101
 Module 2 12
Laboratory Exercises

111

Findings and Conclusion

For Design 2, another condition was included so another input signal was put on
the previous design to fulfill the parameters. The output was accomplished utilizing the
conducted truth table and was planned to use a simulator. The output brought
about to output expression of T = PS� W + PSW�. It can be seen that the designed circuit
meets and is in line with the stated parameters and prerequisites. When the signal on
the PUMP SIGNAL(P) is 1, one of the two pumps is pumping, and when it is 0, not one or
the other pump is pumping. Moreover, when P is 1, either PUMP S or PUMP W pumps,
and when P is 0, both PUMP W and PUMPS S terminate pumping. As a result, the circuit
is useful and can guarantee that when the PUMP SIGNAL(P) is 0, both pumps are off, and
when the Pump signal is 1, the right pump pumps.