BIHAR AND SECOND GREE REVOLUTION

 In a programme related to agriculture, the chief minister stated that benefits of first green
revolution went straight to states like Punjab and Haryana while Bihar and other eastern
parts of the country remained unaffected.
 Bihar does not possess mines, fertile lands are the only assets of the farmers of the state
and with the development of advanced agriculture Bihar can hold a leading position.

 In his speech, the chief minister revealed that he has a dream of supplying agricultural
products of Bihar to the every house of India so that BIHARI DISHES could make a place in
every plate of every household of the nation.

 Keeping it into consideration, the 'HARIYALI MISSION' was launched in Bihar in 2012.
 GREEN REVOLUTION AND BIHAR

 It is such a revolution which is related with the fast and abundant production by using
chemical fertilizers and improved seeds.
 Green revolution started in India in 1966-67.

 On the recommendation of S. SWAMINATHAN'S COMMITTEE, the green revolution was

successfully conducted.
 As a matter of fact, during the period of 1967-68 to 1977-78, the green revolution put India
from the position of food deficit to food surplus.

OBJECTIVES OF GREEN REVOLUTION :

 To create employment
 To use improved seeds
 To save food grains
 To globalise agriculture
 To use double crop system
 To boost rural development
 To promote scientific studies
 POSITIVE IMPACTS OF GREEN REVOLUTION
 Enhancement of crop production
 Reduction in food grains – import
 Industrial Development
 Rural Employment
 Extension of Agricultural Area
 Self-sufficiency in food grains.

 Green revolution has certain positive aspects but there are some negative impacts of green
revolution too which are as follows:

REGIONAL INEQUALITY IN BIHAR

 The green revolution's technology increased interregional and intra-regional disparities in

economic development.
 The effects of green revolution have come for only 40% of total crop – area and remaining
60% is still left out.
 Its maximum effect is visible in the northern India such as Punjab, Haryana and Western
U.P as well as the southern parts such as Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh.
 Its effects hardly reached to Assam, Bihar, West Bengal Orissa and the rest eastern region
as well as to the western and dry & semi dry areas of the southern India.
 The green revolution affected only those areas which were already developed from the
agricultural point of view.
 It enhanced the regional inequality.
 Bihar, too had to face this regional inequality where production became stagnant.
 Bihar has always been an agricultural prominent state and its economy is based on
agriculture.
 Directly or indirectly, agriculture is the largest source of employment.

 THE SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION WILL OPEN UP MANY POSSIBILITIES FOR BIHAR.

POSSIBILITIES OF GREEN REVOLUTION IN BIHAR

 More than 76% of Bihar's population depends on agriculture for its livelihood.
 Thereby development and promotion of agriculture can boost its economy.
 For it, supports available in Bihar are as follows:

BIG CHUNK OF LAND FOR AGRICULTURE :

 Bihar has got APPROX 72.3 LAKH HECTARES GROSS CROP AREA AND NET SOWN AREA IS 50.1

lakh hectares.
 So ideals condition for green revolution is available here.
 Vast plains of the Ganges are sufficient to provide irrigation facilities.
 Many big and small rivers are also present in the state which may be proved helpful
in implementation of irrigation projects.

LABOUR FORCE

 Agriculture requires labour force along with mechanisation and in this regard, Bihar
is an ideal place.
  Its labour force can play a key role in bringing green revolution.

PROPER IRRIGATION OPPORTUNITIES

 Bihar is blessed with perennial and big rivers such as GANGA, SONE, GANDAK ETC
AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES SUCH AS PUNPUN, GHAGHARA and it is very important and
beneficial position of Bihar from the irrigation point of view.
 If managed properly, it will make green revolution take place in Bihar in true sense.

GOVERNMENT POLICIES
 The Bihar government has made many efforts such as HARIYALI MISSION,AVAILABILITY
OF AGRICULTURAL LOANS, RIVER LINK FOR IRRIGATION, CONCEPT OF ORGANIC FARMING, LAND

REFORMS PROGRAMMES etc for realising the impacts of green revolution.

USE OF TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE

 Bihar is making efforts for modernisation of agriculture.
 The state government is providing subsidies to farmers for purchase of modern
agricultural machines and tools.
 To tackle with the problem of agricultural pollution, Rohtas model is being launched
throughout Bihar.

ADVANTAGES OF GREEN REVOLUTION IN BIHAR :

 EMPLOYMENT CREATION

 It will create new opportunities of employment in its agriculture and allied sectors.
 Unemployment rate of Bihar will witness a step decline.

INCREASE IN FARMERS' INCOME

 The target of doubling farmers' income, set by the Indian government can be achieved with
the help of green revolution.
 It will attract the youth of the state towards agricultural practices.

DECREASE IN POVERTY AND INEQUALITY

 At present, Bihar is the poorest state of the country.

 Near about 51.91% people of the state are poor.
 Green revolution will decrease poverty and inequality in the state as it will create
employment, increase the income of the farmers and improve living standard..
 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

 Green revolution in Bihar will boost agricultural mechanisation which will create demand
for agricultural equipment along with boosting the growth of industries based in agriculture
such as food processing industries, sugarcane industries etc.
 Besides, demand for chemical fertilisers, pesticides etc will also increase.
 Industries, which use agricultural products as raw materials will grow.

INCREASE IN GSDP
 When there will be ample employment opportunities, per capita income will increase which
will result in increase in gross state domestic product (GSDP).
 This increase will be quantitative as well as qualitative.

GREEN REVOLUTION RELATED CHALLENGES IN BIHAR :

 Dependency on monsoon for irrigation
 Natural calamities like flood & drought
 Problem of Finance
 Lack of modern technology
 Regional Disparity
 Problem of seeds and fertilisers
 Small size of agricultural holdings
 The biggest challenge for the success of green revolution in Bihar is the small size of
agricultural holdings.
 Here, about 97% FARMERS WORK AS MARGINAL FARMERS HAVING LAND AREA LESS THAN ONE

HECTARE .

 Family disputes have resulted in fragmented pieces of land and small holdings.
 Bihar faces two natural calamities every year that are flood and drought.
 North Bihar is flood affected area whereas south Bihar is drought prone area.
 In this situation the success of green revolution is doubtful.

STEPS TO PROMOTE GREEN REVOLUTION

E-MANDI, E-NAM

 Now the Bihar government is establishing MANDIS UNDER E-NAM SO THAT THE FARMERS COULD

SELL THEIR PRODUCTS AT FAIR PRICES , and interference of the middemen could be removed. It
also saves their transportation charges.

LAND-REFORM
 The state government has implemented land reform law by bringing about institutional
reform.
 Besides, digitalisation of data. (especially land data in digital format) will ease the
regulation.

ORGANIC CORRIDOR
 The state government is developing an organic corridor of 13 districts.

DIGITAL FARMING

 The state government is committed to provide as many facilities as possible to its farmers.
 For it, digital farming can play a key role.

OTHER EFFORTS
 Climate Friendly Farming Programme
 Jal Jeevan Hariyali Mission
 Expansion of Agricultural Research
 Pradhan Mantri Irrigation Facility
 River Linking Project

SCHEMES OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

 e-NAM Portal
 Conventional Agricultural Development Scheme
 Micro Irrigation Fund
 Agro Star

WAY FORWARD
 Connect conventional and state of the art technologies.
 Promote rain water harvesting
 Invest in agricultural research and innovation
 Provide proper facility of crop residue and its management
 Provide proper profit to agricultural products through integration of markets
 Ensure success of 'river linking project' under proper management of irrigation
facilities.