SU cMa Crue Cele ULL MMi Cait Plc acecaies and Practice Book ; Py aco ee CLL 7 si = sd a59 The passive: general Form We form passive verbs with the different tenses of be (eg is, was, is being, have been) + past participle. Present simple: ‘am/are/is + past participle The office is locked every evening. Present continuous: am/are/is + being + past participle ‘The house is being painted at the moment. Past simple: ‘was/were + past participle My car was stolen lastnight. Past continuous: _was/were + being + past participle : The bridge was being repaired last week Present perfect simple: have/has + been + past participle Sarah has been invited to the party. Past perfect simple: had + been + past participle T thought that you had been told the news. Perfect continuous passives (have/has/ftad + been being + past participle) are very ‘uncommon. ‘The past participle of regular verbs ends in -ed eg locked, painted. Irregular verbs have different past participle forms eg steal — stolen, tell — told (see 190). When we add -ed to verbs, there are sometimes changes in spelling eg stop —> stopped. See 188.3.4,6. For the pronunciation of -ed, see 187.2 Compare these active and passive sentences: ‘Active: Someone locks [ike ofize every evening. Passive:[The offce]is locked every evening. ‘Active: Someone has invited [Sarai] tothe party. Passive: [Sarah] has been invited to the party. ‘Note that the object of an active verb (eg the office, Sarah) becomes the subject of a passive verb, ‘The rules for choosing tenses in the passive are the same as in the active. For ‘example, to talk about something that is in progress now, we use the present continuous. ‘The house is being painted at the moment.59. The passive: general Use A. | We often use the passive when we do not know who or what does something, My car was stolen last night. (Ido not know who stole the car.) © _ Wealso use the passive when we are not interested in who or what does something, The factory was painted during the war. Sarah has been invited to the party In these sentences we are interested in the factory and Sarah, not who painted the factory. or who invited Sarah € | Wealso use the passive when we do not want to say who or what does something, Compare: Active: [made a mistake. Passive: A mistake was made. EXERCISE 594 What is being done in these pictures? Complete the sentences using the present continuous passive of these verbs: paint, eed, milk, count, repair, cut clean. Example: 1 The road — \ 2 The ence — 3 Thecows — < ‘ 4 The windows UY 5 Thecats—_ 6 The money ‘The grass is being cut.59 The passive: general EXERCISE 59B Compare the two pictures, Picture A shows a room some time ago in the past. Picture B shows the same room as itis now. What is different? Complete the sentences using the present perfect simple passive of these verbs: repair, paint, take out, put up, clean, Use some verbs more than once, Example: In picture B ‘The door has been repaired. Some new curtains have been put up. 1 The window 2 The carpet — 3 The walls 4 The light 5 Some posters 6 The old fireplace —_ EXERC! Complete the sentences. (i) Use the present simple passive of the verbs in the box, use play destroy speak export make Example: Bread is made from wheat. 1 Football __ all over the worl. 2 Millions of cars from Japan every year. 3 A compass for showing direction. 4 How many languages in Switzerland? 5 Millions of trees by pollution every year. 10239 The passive: general (ii) Use the past simple passive of the verbs in the box. discover invent play essassinate paint build Example: President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas in 1963, 1 The 1990 World Cup for soccer in Ital. 2 When television 3 The first pyramids of Egypt around 3000 4 Penicillin __ by Alexander Fleming in 1928 5 The Mona Lisa (La Gioconda) —_ by Leonardo da Vinci ] (iil) Use the past continuous or past perfect passive of the verbs in the box. ee not invite clean sell repair interview steal \ Example: couldn't wear my suit last Saturday. [t was being cleaned. 1 When I got back to the car park, my car wasn't there. It___ 2 We couldn't use the photocopier this morning. It 3 By the time I arrived at the concert hall. there were no tickets left. They 4 We didn’t go to the party on Saturday because we —_ 5 The man admitted stealing the money while he by the police. | EXERCISE 59D /hoose thecourect foci: active ox passive. Example: A valuable painting stole/was stolen from the Central Art Gallery late last night. The thieves entered wereentered the gallery through a small upstairs window. 1 Walt Disney created/was created the cartoon character Mickey Mouse. 2 This problem discussed/was discussed atthe last meeting. 3 In 1964 Martin Luther King won/was won the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1968 he assassinated was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, 4 The president arrived/was arrived in Rome yesterday afternoon. Later he Interviewed was interviewed on Italian TV. 5 Teachers have given/have been given a new pay rise by the government. The news ‘announced/was announced earlier today Note ~For the passive, see also 60-64.60. The passive: infinitive and -ing forms a a 7 Pu 1 | There is a passive infinitive form: be + past participle. We use this form after modal verbs (must, can, will, etc) and after a number of other structures (eg going to, Ee have to, want to and would like to. J i This door must be kept locked. 1 The job can’t be done 2 He's going to be interviewed next week 3 The new motorway will be opened next summer. 4 1 don’t want to be disturbed. 5 Ar 2 | Theres a passive perfect infinitive form: have been + past participle. We can use this form to talk about the past, The newspaper may have been thrown away last ight. U We should have been told about the dangers. 3 Thereis also a passive -ing form: being + past participle 1 don’t like being cheated. He remembers being given the book EXERCISE 60 EXERCISE 60B ut these sentence into the passive (leaving out Complete the sentences using the passive perfect mI | someone. they. we). infinitive 7 Example: Example: x | built, cut — cut (see 190) When we add -ed to verbs. there are sometimes changes in spelling eg fit— fitted. | | | We had | | | See 188.6, For the pronunciation of -ed, see 18 Use We use the structure have something done to talk about something which we arrange for someone else to do for us. I'm having a garage built at the moment. Compare: More examples: 109 I'm building a garage at the moment. (I am building the garage myself I'm having a garage built at the moment. (I arranged for someone else to do this for me.) We had the carpet cleaned by a professional carpet cleaner. We didn't do it ourselves, Tusually have my car serviced at a garage in East Street.65 Have something done We can also use have something done when we do not arrange for someone else to do something for us. Thad my leg broken in a football match. We had our fence blown down in a storm last week, We often use have something done in this way when something unpleasant or unexpected happens to someone, Note that we can often use get something done instead of have something done, especially in an informal style eg I must get this jacket cleaned. EXERCISE 654 What are these people having done? Make sentences using the words in the box. Example: ses aeeasnntaanaaanenaooaan a photograph (take) theirflat decorate) | 1 They're having ther flat decorated. | atooth (take out) her windows clean) | asuit (make) her hair (do) EXERCISE 658 ‘Complete the sentences using the correct form of have something done. Example: Thaven't had my central heating serviced (my central heating | service) since last autumn. 1 Are you going to (these shoes | repair) or shall I throw them away? 2 My neighbours are __ (an extension | build) onto their house at the moment. 3 Imust (my glasses | mend). They keep falling off. 4 Where do you (your hair | do)? It always looks very nice. 5 1 (four new tyres| fit) on my car last month 6 T've just (my suit | dry-clean).130. Adjectives and adverbs of manner 1 | Adverbs of manner say how something happens. | She sings beautifully, passed the exam easily, Compare adjectives and adverbs of manner: ner tells us more An adjective tells us more about anoun | An adverb of eg singer, worker, exam. about a verb eg sings. works, passed. | She’sa beautiful singer. She sings beautifully. He's a slow worker. He works slowly. We form most adverbs of manner by adding -ly to the adjective. ADJECTIVE ADVERE beautiful beautifully slow slowly But note that the adverb of good is wel. You're agood swimmer. You swim very well. And we use fast, hard, early and late as both adjectives and adverbs. It’s a fast car. ‘The car goes very fast. It was hard work. We worked hard. Iwas early, Larrived early. | Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs. Some adjectives also end in -ly eg friendly, lovely, lonely silly, ugly. These adjectives have no adverb forms; instead we use different structures eg ina... way. She smiled ina frienully way, (Not: She smiled friendly foiendily.) EXERCISE 130A, Answer the questions. 1 How do you usually feel before an interview? _(nervous/nervously?) 2 How do you usually walk when you are tired? _(slow/siowly?) 3 How do you feel when you get good news? (happy happily?) 4 What kind of a driver are you? (careful/carefully?) 5 How do you usually study before an exam? (hard/hardly?) 6 What kind of a dancer are you? (wonderfull wonderfully?) 7 How should you pick up a baby: (careful earefully?) 8 Whatis your English like? (good/well?) Now make sentences. Example: 1 usually fel nervous before an interview: 205131 Adverbs of manner, place and time An adverb can be one word eg quickly. or a phrase (sometimes called an ‘adverbial phrase’) eg in the park, An adverb that says how something happens eg carefully, well is an adverb of An adverb that says where something happens eg here, in the park is an adverb of place. ‘An adverb that says when something happens eg now, yesterday is called an adverb of definite time. Position Adverbs of manner, place and (definite) time normally go after the direct object. irect object + adverb I read the letter carefully. We saw Maria in the park. He bought a camera yesterday, If there is no direct object. the adverb normally goes after the verb. verb + adverb She drove carefully He lives here. If there is more than one adverb, the usual order is: manner + place + time | slept very well last night, (manner + time) He lives here now. (place + time) We worked hard at school yesterday. (manner+ place + time) Note that an adverb does not normally go between a verb and its direct object. verb + direct object + adverb | Ilike Maria very much. (Not: Hike very muuch Maria) He drank his coffee quickly. (Not: He drank quickly his-coffe-) We played tennis yesterday. (Not: We played-yesterdaytenrls-) 206132. Adverb position with verbs Some adverbs of manner, place and time can also go at the beginning of a clause (if e we want to give special emphasis to the manner, place or time). |) Stow, te tried to walk awa. In London, we wert tothe 200, Tomorrow Ihave to goto the doctor's af 2 . J EXERCISE 1314 Complete the sentences by putting the parts in brackets in the order: object + manner + place + time. Example: Annie did (last night | her homework | very quickly) Annie did her homework very quickly lst night 1 Sue can play __(now | very well | the piano) 5 They studied (carefully | later on in the / 2 (posted (early thismorning|in the town day | the map) Vo © centre | your letters) 6 He walked (out of the room | at the end of the meeting | angrily) 7 She played (at the concert | last night beautifully | the guitar) 3 The children have been playing __ (this afternoon | In the park | football) 4 Itsnowed ___ (yesterday evening | heavily in the north of Scotland) Note ~Some adverbs of manner can go with verbs eg He angrily walked out ofthe room. Some adverbs of indefinite time (eg stil, already, just) and indefinite frequency eg always, never go with verbs eg [still love you. He always starts work at 8.00. For details of adverb position with verbs, see 132. 132 Adverb position with verbs [We can use some sdveria eg usually, never, aways. probably. certainly, stil already, just, almost, only with verbs: 1 An adverb normally goes before a full verb. adverb + verb They usually watch TV in the evenings. | never eat sweets He probably knows what todo. | We still live here 207136 Adverbs of probability EXERCISE 1358 Put the adverbs in the correct place in the sentences, Sometimes more than one answer is possible. Example: She always tries to visit her parents at the weekends. (always) 1 I'veseen that programme on TV. (never) 7 Have you had a really serious illness? 2 He's late for appointments. (hardly ever) (ever) 3 They gotothe cinema nowadays. (rarely) 8 I'll forget our holiday together. (never) 4 Ishe bad-tempered? (often) 9 She's been interested in music. (always) 5 They listen to the radio. (every morning) 10 [brush my teeth. (always/three times a 6 T'mathome before 8 o'clock. (seldom) day) Adverbs of probability Adverbs of probability say how sure we are about something. Examples: certainly definitely obviously probably ‘These adverbs normally go before a full verb, but after be or an auxiliary verb {see 132). He probably knows your address. He's probably at home now. They definitely saw me. They've definitely gone out. She obviously likes you. | She can obviously do the job. In negative sentences, adverbs of probability normally go before the negative won't, isn’t, not, ete. She probably won't be late He certainly isn't at home now. They're obviously not very happy, Perhaps and maybe normally go at the beginning of a clause. Perhaps I'll see you later Maybe you're right. Maybe is quite informal.137 Fairly, quite, rather and pretty EXERCISE 136A Put the adverbs in the correct place in the sentence. Example: In the future, machines will probably do many of the jobs that people do today. (probably) 1 Simons at Sarah's house at the moment. 5 You should go and see the doctor. (definitely (probably) 6 Tdon’t want to be home late tonight. 2 There will be an election early next year. (definitely) (probably) 7 Computers are becoming more and more 3 We'll play tennis later this afternoon. important in our lives. (certainly) (perhaps) 8 The bridge has been repaired by now. 4 They enjoyed the film very much. (obviously) (probably) 137 Fairly, quite, rather and pretty 1 | The adverbs fairly. quite, rather and pretty modify adjectives or other adverbs. They normally go before the adjective or adverb which they modify The film was quite good. (adverb + adjective) Tknow her fairly well. (adverb + adverb) 2 | Compare: sO quite rather/pretty good good @ | In general, quite is a litle stronger than fairly I'm fairly tired, but don’t think 1'Il go to bed yet. 'm quite tired. [think I'll go to bed now. than is wanted’ or ‘more than is expected’. The TV is rather loud. Shall [curn it down? We're rather late. We'd better hurry, The concert was rather good. I was surprised. b | Rather is stronger than quite: we can use rather to mean ‘more than is usual’, ‘more © | We can use pretty with a similar meaning to rather: we use pretty in a more informal style. We're pretty hungry. We haven't eaten all day. d_ | Butnote that the meanings of fairly, quite, rather and pretty can depend on stress | and intonation. He's quite ‘nice, (more positive) He's ‘quite nice. (less positive)137. Fairly, quite, rather and pretty We use quite before a/an, but fairly and pretty after a. Compare: He's quite a young man. He's a fairly young man. It was quite an interesting film. It was a pretty interesting film. We can use rather before or after a/an, It was rather an interesting film. It was a rather interesting film. Quite and rather can also modify verbs: they go before a full verb, but after an auxiliary verb (see 132). ‘She quite enjoyed the film. rather like driving at night. He's quite enjoying himself. Rather, but not fairly, quite or pretty. can be used before comparatives. rather colder rather more expensive Quite can also mean ‘completely’ with some adjectives. The animal was quite dead. (= completely dead) Quite can only mean ‘completely’ with ‘non-gradable’ adjectives such as dead (something cannot normally be more or less dead: it is dead or it is not) More examples: The meal was quite perfect. ( ‘The story is quite untrue -ompletely perfect) completely untrue) We also use quite meaning ‘completely’ with some adverbs and verbs. She sang quite perfectly. (= completely perfectly) Iquite understand. (= completely understand) EXERCISE 1374 Complete each sentence using the correct word in brackets. Sometimes either word is possible. Examples: She's quite a generous woman. (quite/fairly) It's rather/fairly cold in this room. (rather fairly) 1 I've made ___a stupid mistake. (pretty/rather) 2 She enjoys working at night. (farly/quite) 3 Itwas a boring football match. (pretty /rather) 4 T'm__looking forward to the party on Saturday. (pretty/quite) 5 The weather was worse than we'd expected. (quite/rather) 6 My grandfather was an amazing man. (quite/fairly) 7 Maria speaks English __ well, doesn’t she? (quite/pretty) 8 I'm feeling —_ better today. (firly/rather) 214 13%138 Tooand enough EXERCISE 137B Complete the sentences using the most suitable expression in the box. Use each expression only once. Example: ‘There was nothing in the envelope. It was quite empty, 1 2 3 4 5 He's not at all like his sister: they're This clock keeps on breaking down. It’s really. [like your idea. It’s really; I've never heard anything like it before. ‘What are you going to do this evening?’ ‘Tm not__. We can't finish the job by tomorrow. It's. Too and enough Too goes before adjectives and adverbs: enough goes after adjectives and adverbs. I don’t think 111 go out tonight. I'm too tired. Slow down! You're driving too fast. Are you warm enough, or do you want me to switch on the heating? Wearen't working quickly enough. We'd better hurry. We also use to0 many, too much and enough before nouns: We use £00 many before countable nouns (eg eggs), and too much before uncountable nouns (eg salt bought too many eggs. There's too much salt in this soup. We use enough before both countable and uncountable nouns. We can’t make an omelette. We haven't got enough eggs: There's enough salt in the soup. It doesn't need any more. We can use too many, too much and enough alone, without a noun. ‘Is there enough salt in the soup?” “There's too much. can't eat it’ We need some more eggs. We haven't got enough. Alter too and enough we can use for + object. This jacket is to0 small for me. The flat isn’t really big enough for all of us. Alter too and enough we can use the to infinitive. It's to0 early to have dinner. He isn't old enough to drive a car {quite useless quite sure quite impossible | quite original quiteempty quite different138 Too and enough We can also use the structure too/enough + for + object + to infinitive. It's t00 early for us to have dinner This jacket isn't large enough for me to wear. We can modify t00 (but not enough) with much, @ lot, far (= very much), alittle, a bit, rather. much too heavy far too cold a bit t00 fast Compare very and too: Too (but not very) has the negative meaning ‘more than necessary’ or ‘more than is | good’. | She's a good worker. She works very He works too quickly and makes a lot of ‘quickly mistakes They arrived at the airport very late, but | They arrived atthe airport too late and they just caught their plane. | missed their plane EXERCISE 138A Complete each sentence using too or enough and an adjective or adverb in the box Example: Annie can't go to school today. She has got a temperature and isn’t well enough to get up. warm dark well early quietly loud 1 We couldn't see what was in the room because it was 2 Icouldn't hear everything she said because she spoke 3. They missed their plane because they didn't leave home 4 He told them the music was __ so they turned it down. 5 We didn’t go to the beach yesterday because the weather wasn't __. EXERCISE 138B Complete the sentences using too much. too many or enough, Example: We've been so busy today we didn’t even have enough time for lunch. 1 Td like to go to the cinema, but I haven't got ___ money. 2 Ican't drink this soup. It’s got salt init. 3 Doctors say that __ sugar is bad for you. 4 We didn't really enjoy the party: there were far ___ people there. 5 We couldn't make an omelette because we didn’t have —__ eggs. 216139 EXERCISE 138C Join these ideas using too/enougit + to infinitive, or too/enough + for + object + to infinitive. iramles 3 The children aren't tall enough. They can't Annie isnt old enough. She can'tleave school. reach that shell, Annie ino enough eae schol 4 They arived too late, They didn't ee the The weather was too bad, We couldn't go out. Gigecing ofthe i, The weather was too bad or us ogo out 5 Our old flat was much too small. We couldn! 1 I'm too tired. I can't goto the cinema this live init evening 6 He spoke too quietly. The people a the back 2 The table was too heavy. couldn't moveit. of the room couldn't hear. So and such We use such before a noun, with or without an adjective. She's such a nice woman. Don’t be such a fool! We use so before an adjective alone, without a noun. She's so nice. Don’t be so foolish! We can also use so with an adverb He works so slowly. We can use so (but not such) with many and much. There were so many people on the train. ve got so much to do today. Im really busy. We can use such (but not so) before alot (of) There were such a lot of people on the train. T've got such a lot to do today. I'm really busy such, we can use a that-clause to express result (see 162.2). After so an The table was so heavy that I couldn't move it Ie was such a beautiful afternoon that we went to the beach,140 Comparison: adverbs EXERCISE 1394. Complete the sentences using so or such Example: It was such a good film. I really enjoyed it. 1 She's __ shy. She always gets very nervous when she meets people. 2 You shouldn't eat quickly: you'll give yourself indigestion 3 It's__an interesting town; there really is much to do there. 4 Iwas disappointed when I failed my driving test He felt___ tired that he decided not to go out. Itwas a hot day that they had to open all the windows. T've made __many mistakes in this letter, I think I'll type it again. He had a lot of luggage that we couldn't get it all into the car. Note We also use so to express result eg [was hungry so I made something to eat. See 162.2. —We also use so that and so as toto express purpose eg I gave her my address so that she could write to me. See 163.3. Comparison: adverbs Form of comparative and superlative adverbs Most adverbs form the comparative with more and the superlative with most | beautifully | more beautifully ul most beautifully | carefully | more carefully | mostcarefully | One-syllable adverbs eg fast. hard, late, long. soon add -er in the comparative and -est in the superlative. fast | faster fastest hard | harder hardest Le a But note: early (ear-Iy) also adds -er/-est: earlier > earliest. When we add-er/-est to words, there are sometimes changes in spelling eg early — earlier. See 188.3.4.6. ‘The adverbs well, badly and far have irregular comparatives and superlatives, well | better best badly | worse worst farther/further farthest/furthest140 Comparison: adverbs 2 Making comparisons using adverbs ae use the same structures when we make comparisons using adverbs or | You should drive more carefully. : They arrived later than I'd expected. It snowed more and more heavily as the day went on. er. the + comparative clause, the + comparative clause (see 127.2) dn't The sooner we leave, the earlier we'll arrive. | superlatives (see 127.3) ‘She runs the fastest ofall the girls © | as...as (see 128) Tm working as fast as I can Mike can't play the guitar as/so well as Sarah. EXERCISE 140A Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets. Add than. the or as where necessary. | Beample: Ofall those cars, the Alfa Romeo goes the fastest. (fast) | don't work as hard as Sally does. (hard) Weinished the job a lot more quickly than we'd expected. (quickly) 1 She always arrives at work much 5 He doesn't speak French as his sister. anyone else. (early) (fuentiy) 2 The children are behaving far they 6 The car went and down the bill. | normally do. (badly) (fast) 3 Ofall the animals in the world, which one 7 They normally play much they did last | lives? (long) night. (well) 4 Our new central heating system works a 8 Andrew is studying @ lot __ usual now that Jot our old one did. efficiently) his exams are getting closer. (hard) Note “In an informal style we often use object pronouns eg me, im after than and as eg You run faster than me. can’t swim as well as him. In a more formal style we | use a subject pronoun eg I, he + verb eg You run faster than Ido. Ican't swim as ‘well as he can, Some people think that the subject form + verb is more ‘correct’.183 Review of prepositions Review of prepositions EXERCISE 183A Complete the description of the scene in the picture using the words in the box. Use each word only once. behind infront of outside inside up down on onto off into outof along across at round towards between near past mextto opposite ‘There is a cafe between a supermarket and a post office. A woman is coming —1__ the supermarket. Some people are sitting 2 the cafe. 3 the post office is a bank. A man is getting 4a bus _5__ the bank. _6__ the bus there is a girl getting _7__ a motorbike. An old man is going 8 some steps _9__ the post office: a young woman is coming —10__ the steps. Another woman Is walking —11__ the road__12__ the bank, Some children and a dog are running 13 the street __14__ the cafe. A car is waiting 15 some traffic lights 16 the supermarket. Some people are crossing the road 17 the car. ‘There isa telephone box 18 the comer ofthe street _19__ the supermarket. A young man is walking 20 the corner. 278183 Review of prepositions EXERCISE 1838 Complete the sentences using the words in the box. Sometimes more than one ‘znswer is possible. Example: We're going away on holiday for two weeks in July. at in on since for from of to during between about with under 1 We're meeting the clock tower North Street 8 o'clock this evening Iwent shopping town __ Friday afternoon. We're thinking __ going ___the concert Saturday. Are you interested coming? She's been studying —_ the Univers Manchester the past three years. He had great difficulty finding a job when he was living —_ the north of England ‘They live _ 148 Dyke Road. Their flat is __ the second floor. We took a lot of photographs —_ our visit — Rome last summer. —— my opinion they show too many old films —_ TV ‘They went away holiday __ the end oflast week They've been staying —_ the International Hotel __ Oxford Street they arrived ——England. He's suffered had the accident. At first I didn’t want to go swimming in the river, but _ the end I changed my mind. My brother worked a tourist guide London three months __ the summer. found an old photograph the floor the bed my room, When she was a child, she dreamt being a famous dancer, I'm not very good —— making decisions. You can depend —— him to arrive time; he’s never late. bad headaches __ he We've arranged to meet a cafe__a drink __ 9 o'clock this evening. Ihave a very good relationship __ my sister. ‘There is no need —_ you to worry __ me. Tbe all right. You're very different __ your mother, but quite similar __ your father. ‘They're looking a house four bedrooms and a garden. ‘The police accused the woman __ stealing the money ‘Do you know a pop band called Running Heads?" ‘No, I've never heard __ them. Newcastle is a large, commercial and industrial city a population of about 300,000, It is __ the north-east of England, the River Tyne. Isthere very much difference ___ the two word processors? Tve always wanted my parents to be proud People are angry the increase __ food prices. Icomplained the shop assistant the hole the sweater. My parents first went __Greece short holiday _ 1980.160 Time: when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, until When we want to say that things happen at the same time, we can use when, as, while. When I was watching TV, the telephone rang. As they were walking down the street, they saw Sue. Toften listen to the radio while I'm having breakfast. Note that we normally use when, as or while +a continuous form (eg when I was watching, as they were walking, while I'm having) for longer actions. We often use (just) as for two short actions that happen at the same time, eg The baby started crying (just) as I got into bed! When we want to say that things happen one after the other, we can use when as soon as, before. after. When I had finished breakfast, I went out iphone you as soon as I get home ‘The train had left before they arrived atthe station. After he lft school, he started working in a ban. Note that when we talk about the future, we normally use the present simple after when, as soon as, before, ete, eg I'l phone you as soon as T get home. See 22. When can have the same meaning as while /as. before or after: When/Wohile/As I was watching TV, the telephone rang. The train had left when/before they arrived at the station. When/After he left school, he started working in a bank: We use until (or till) to mean “up to the time when’ We waited until she arrived. Thnew nothing about it until you told me. IRCISE 160A, Choose the correct answer. Example: T'm not going out now. I'll wait until/wher it stops raining. 1 While/When | had locked all the doors, I went to bed, 2 [fell off the chair while/until I was changing the light bulb. They waited when/until everybody was there before/until they started the meeting. My grandfather worked hard all his life untl/when he retired. 5 [usually get up before/as soon as I wake up. It started to rain until/just as we got to the park Tbroke my leg as soon as/when I was skiing, ‘The film had already started when just as we sat he cinema. 244‘ontrast; although, even though, though, in spite of, spite, while, whereas, however We can use although and even though to introduce a contras even though we use a clause, with a subject and a verb, After although and Although she doesn’t enjoy her job, she works hard, She passed the exam, although she hadn't studied for it > Even though they were late, they didn’t hurr Bven though is more emphatic than although. BWe can use though instead of although. especially in a more informal style jough they were late they didn’t hurry. fe also use though, to mean ‘however' (sce 5 below) at the end of a sentence room is very small. It's quite comfortable though. fe can use in spite of or despite to talk about contrast. After in spite of/despite we uuse a noun, or an -ing form, spite of the bad weather, we went out for a walk ite being late, they didn’t hurry. also say in spite of/despite the jact (that) spite of the fact that the weather was bad, we went out for a walk didn’t hurry despite the fact that they were late spite and although: are in spite of/de ite of the rain/Despite the rain, we | Although it was raining, we started to 1 play tennis. play tennis, 2 introduce a contrast between two ideas using while and wherea quiet and shy, while/ whereas his sister is ly and talkative. n also express a contrast by using the adverb however with two sentences. d she didn’t want to change her job. However, she may change her mind. 161A the sentences beginning with the 1 They have a car, but they rarely use it brackets. (though) 2 He was innocent, but he was sent to prison. (although) 3, He has a number of relatives living nearby but he never visits them. {even though) 4. She never takes any kind of exercise, but she is quite ft and healthy. (even though) aty of money, but she is very mean, sshe has plenty of money, she is very mean,161 Contrast: although, even though, though, in spite of, despite, while, whereas. however EXERCISE 161B Rephrase the sentences using the words in brackets and a noun, asin the examples. Examples ‘They went out for a walk. even though the weather was bad. (despite) They went out for a walk despite the bad weather. She managed to write, even though her hand was injured. (in spite of) ‘She managed to write in spite of her injured hand. 1 All the trains were on time, even though the snow was heavy. (despite) 2 Our coach didn't arrive late, even though the trafic was terrible. (in spite of) 3. A lot of people buy those houses, even though the prices are high. (despite) EXERCISE 161C Rephrase the sentences using the words in brackets and (i) an -ing form, and (ii) the fact (that) Example: He stayed up late. even though he was very tired. (despite) (i) He stayed up late despite being very tired (ii) He stayed up late despite the fact (that) he was very tired 1 I didn’t buy the car, even though I had the money. (despite) 2 He stayed outside in the cold weather. even though he felt ill. (despite) 3 People continue to smoke. even though they know the dangers. (in spite of) EXERCISE 161D Sally and Peter are good friends, but they are very different Compare Sally and Peter, Join each idea in A with the most suitable idea in B. Make sentences using while/whereas. Example: 1 She likes hard work, while/whereas he’s quite lazy A B She likes hard work. He prefers classical music She likes jazz and pop music. | He prefers staying at home. She likes going out a lot. He can be rather mean She's very practical He's quite lazy. She's very generous. He's quite idealisticReason and result: because, because of, as, since, so, as a result, therefore, so/such... (that) Reason: because, because of, as, since We use because before a clause, with a subject and a verb. He ran to the station because he was late We didn’t go out because it was raining We use because of before a noun. We didn’t go out because of the rain. We arrived late because of the traffic We can use as and since to mean ‘because’ before a clause; as and since often come at the beginning of sentence. As it was raining, we didn't go out. Since you haven't got any money, I'll lend you some. Result: s0, as a result, therefore, so/such ...(that) We can use so, as a result and therefore to introduce the result of something: We use so (with or without and) before a clause. He was late (and) so he ran to the station. ‘We use and as a result and and therefore before a clause. It was raining hard and as a result we didn't go out, [failed my driving test the first time and therefore I took it again. Therefore can also go before the verb eg....and I therefore took it again. We also use as a result and therefore at the beginning of a new sentence. Ie was raining hard. As a result, we didn't go failed my driving test the frst time, Therefore. I took it again, Therefore is rather formal. We can also use so/such ... (that) ... when we talk about the result of something. The film was so good (that) I went to see it again. It was such a beautiful afternoon (that) we decided to go out for a walk We use so before an adjective or adverb eg so good, so well. but we use such before ‘a noun (with or without an adjective} eg such a beautiful afternoon, such an idiot See 139.1163 Purpose: to, in order to. so as to. for. so that EXERCISE 1624 Complete the sentences in A using because or because of and an idea from B. U each Idea in B only once, Example: 1 He phoned the police because he'd lost his wallet. A B 1 He phoned the police his bad leg. 2 Tdidn’t have any lunch — 3 Our plane was delayed 4 He went to Paris 5 took an umbrella the fog 6 He couldn't run very fast Choose the correct answers. Example Thaven't got much money «¢/so can’t afford a new car. 1 s/As a result it was such a beautifal day. we decided to have a picnic. 2 It was his birthday because/so we decided to buy him a present. 3. Asa result/Since all the seats on the train were taken, we had to stand. 4 The banks were closed and as a result/because we couldn't get any money 5 I didn’t find the book very interesting and so as 1 didn't finish it. 6 We couldn't drive across the bridge as @ result/becauseit was closed. She had the best qualifications and she so therefore got the job. ‘We can use the to infinitive to talk about a person's purpose ~ why someone does something. | Lwent to Paris to learn French 'm going out to do some shopping. Purpose: to, in order to, so as to, for, so that I thought it might rain wasn't hungry edlost his wallet he wanted to learn French EXERCISE 162C Join each pair of sentences using so/such (that). Example: He's got a very good memory. He never needs to write anything down, He's got such a good memory (that) he never needs to write anything down. 1 Ttwasa very warm evening. We had dinner outside in the garden. 2. He was very nervous. He couldn't eat anything, 3 Our neighbours’ party was very noisy. We couldn't sleep. 4 The restaurant was very crowded. They couldn't find anywhere to sit down. 5 We were all having a good time. We didn't want to stop.163 Purpose: fo, in order to, formal style, we use in order to oF so as to. went to Paris in order to learn French We got up early so as to have plenty of time. SE negative sentences, we normally use in order not to or so as not to (not not to Be got up early so as not to be late./We got up early in order not to be late, (Not: We peup early motto be hate Be can use for to talk about a person's purpose, but only when It is followed by a man (not by a verb). We went to a restaurant for lunch. He: going out for a walk Be use for-+-ing form to talk about the purpose or function ofa thing. wermometer Is used for measuring temperature. We use this knife for cutting bread We also use so (that) to talk about purpose. We often use this structure with can, Been't. will or won't Pil give youa key so (that) you can unlock We ll leave carly so (that) we won't arrive Be often use so (that) with could(n't) and would(n’t) to talk about the past. Bgave you a key so (that) you could unlock the door We left early so (that) we wouldn't arrive late ISE 163A Ewer each question in A by making a sentence using t0 or for ar Bsble idea in B. im going to the library to return a book (She's gone to the greengrocer’s for some potatves. 4 B Dy are you going to the library g0 jogging Phy has she gone to the greengrocer's? a drink Bhy is he taking the car to the garage? _invite me to his party Why did he phone you some potatoes By do you get up early every day return-a book Why have they gone to the pub? hhave it serviced164, Purpose: in case RCISE 1638 What are these things used for? Make sentences using the words in the box Example: cut grass make holesin paper show direetion take corks out of bottles EXERCISE 163C Join these ideas using the words in brackets, Example: wrote down the number. | didn't want to forget it. (60 as not to) wrote down the number so as not to forget it 1 He's started walking to work. He wants to get more exercise. ($0 as to) 2 The government are going to increase taxes. ‘They want to raise more money. (in order to) 3 We took @ map with us on the journey. We didn't want to get lost. (50 as not to) 4 They stopped work at 1 o'clock. They wanted tohave lunch. (in order to) 164 Purpose: in case measure temperature EXERCISE 163D Join the sentences using so that and the words in brackets. Example: ‘She got up early. work. (wouldn't) She got up early so that she wouldn't be late for work, 1 He switched on the light. He wanted to see what he was doing. (could) 2 Iturned down the music. I didn't want to disturb the neighbours. (wouldn't) 3 She repeated everything. She wanted us to remember it. (would) 4 She's saving money. She wants to buy a new car. (can) She didn’t want to be late for 1 | Weuse in case to talk about things we do in order to be ready or safe because perhaps something else will happen. Take an umbrella with you in ease it rains. Ilake some food with me in case I'm hungry on the journey. will be hungry on the journey.) Il write down the telephone number in case I forget it. (. | forget it.) because perhaps it will rain.) because perhaps I because perhaps I willProgress Tests, 1 Present simple and present continuous (Units 1-3) (i) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form: the present simple or the present continuous. 1 Britain ““* (have) an election at least ‘once every four years. 2 124 (negotiate) a new pay deal with my boss at the moment. 3 It__ (rain) every time I___ (leave) my umbrella at home, 4 Please sit down! 1 (try) to watch this ‘TV programme. 5 American Football “2 (become) very popular in England. 6 Robert never 22 (go) abroad for his, holidays. It’s too expensive. 7 Many of the world’s natural resources (disappear) 8 Rain _~ (fall) very heavily in Bombay during June and July. 9 My parents are in America on holiday. ‘They —2 (stay) near San Francisco. 10 The traffic 2 (move) very slowly on the motorway today. Workmen — 2 (repair) the road, (i) Choose the correct answer—A or B. 1 ___skiing in the French Alps every year. A Wego ‘B We're going 2 __ one of Agatha Christie's books at the moment. A Tread B I'm reading 3 Some modern cars on unleaded petrol -A run B are running 4 The St Lawrence River Atlantic. A flows B is flowing 5 ‘Where's the cat?" “on the sofa, A Itlies B It’s lying 6 Drive carefully. __ heavily this morning. A Itsnows B It’s snowing 7 Be careful! The ladder down, ACfalls Bis falling into the North 8 The planet Mercury round the sun every eighty-cight day A travels B is travelling Past simple and past continuous (Units 4-5) (1) There are mistakes in some of these sentences. Find the mistakes and correct them. 1 The Titanic travelled to New York when it mn iceberg and sank in the Atlantic. The jumper was shrinking when I washed it Christopher Columbus was sailing in the Santa Maria when he discovered America Iwas breaking my toe when I tripped over the dog ‘The mouse was having a heart attack when the cat jumped down from the chai. ‘The footballer ran towards the goal when he fll over. James Dean drove a sports car when he was dying. (il) Make sentences. Put the verbs into the correct form: the past simple or the past continuous. 1 while I write | letter the phone | ring 2 you | read | the newspaper as soon as it] arrive |? she | not | lock | the door when she | leave | the office the train | go | through the tunnel when it| suddenly | stop Sally | wash | her hair when the doorbell | ring |. John Logie Baird | invent | the television or the telephone |? they||cry| when they | hear | the bad news the cat |lie | on the sofa when the mouse | come | into the roomBeen and gone (Units 6-7) ‘Ghoose the correct answer. 3 The children are back at school now They've beeny/gone on holiday for the summer. 2 ‘Have you ever been/gone to Niagara Falls? No, but I've been/gone to the Great lakes. 3 Bill worked very hard today. He's been/gone to bed early. 4 ve got a lot of money. I've been/gone to the bank today 5 ‘His car isn’t in the garage. I think he's been/gone away for the day. Present perfect with just, yet and already (Units 6, 8) Put the words in the correct order. {Sometimes two answers are possible.) Example: Started | have | they | to have |just| dinner They have just started to have dinner. just| to rain | has| it| started | you | that book | have | yet | finished |? yet| that film |seen | haven't |T the bus| just | left | has you | already | done | your shopping have |? hhas| for several jobs| Bob | applied already Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous (Units 6, 9, 10) {) Complete the sentences using the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous ‘of the words in the box, Progress Tests i break "grow make play put up lose My young brother —— th this month. .e young children a snowman all ee centimetres morning, 1 Simy arm twice ip two years. I'm tired. 12°" fenhiis all afternoon, Have you got any money? I "my wallet They“ their tent for over an hour now and they still haven't finished, (ii) Complete the questions. Use the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous. Example: I’ve saved some money How much have you savet How long have you been savin 1 Mike is losing his hat. How long his hair? How much hair T'm looking for a flat How many flats __ at? How long —_? Annie is doing her homework. How long it? How much homework —_? They're playing tennis, How long? How many games 6 Present perfect with for and since (Units 6, 11) Re-write the sentences beginning with the words given. Use for or since Example: Great Britain introduced decimal currency in 1971 Great Britain has had decimal currency since 1971Progress Tests ast read War and Peace in 1980. Thaven’t 2 Sarah started studying Spanish two years ago. Sarah has been = 3 Steven Spielberg started directing films in the 1960s. Steven Spielberg has been 4 It started raining on Monday Ithasn’t stopped 5 My mother stopped working ten years ago. My mother hasn't 6 My sister stopped skiing in 1989. My sister hasn't Robert de Niro began acting in the 1970s Robert de Niro has been — Present perfect and past simple (Units 6, 12) “ (i) There are mistakes in some of these sentences, Find the mistakes and correct them. 1 [live in Brighton. I lived here for ten years. Tolstoy has written War and Peace. I started studying Spanish two years ago. ‘Oh, no! Look! Someone stole my car radio! Who has discovered America? We've played tennis yesterday afternoon. When have you passed your driving test? When did Neil Armstrong walk on the moon? 9 I never ate Chinese food in my lf 10 Look at Mike! He grew a beard! euaubun (ii) Choose the correct answer—A or B? 1 Ito Los Angeles in 1980. A have been B went 2 You a lot of interesting things in your life A have done B did 3 James Dean in the film Rebel without a Cause A has starred B starred 4 Who the wheel? ‘A has invented B invented 5 1 coffee since 1980. A haven't drunk B didn’t drink 6 How many people in the Second World Wai A havedied B died I work in a bank now. 1 there for a year. ‘A have worked B worked 8 We the new Steven Spielberg film last week. A haveseen B saw 9 ___ the news last night? ‘A Have you heard B Did you hear 10 When your new car? A have you bought B did you buy Present perfect and present tense (Units 6, 9, 13) There are mistakes in some of these sentences, Find the mistakes and correct, them. Carlo lives in Rome since three years. Bob is working hard at the moment. How long are you studying English? My parents are married for thirty years. I'm using a computer these days. Sarah knows Simon for a long time. Those men are waiting outside since 2.00. 8 Have you been sitting there for long? 9. My sister lives in Brighton since 1980. 10 The Rolling Stones rock group are playing together for over twenty years. NoukeneProgress Tests the correct answer—A or B. cived at the bus station late yesterday e, my bus eft B had left ferrived at the bus station at 10 o'clock left B had left seas asleep when my friend phoned me Ges night. [_ in bed for two hours. was B had been Shen | arrived home my father wasn’t Sere. He __ out. B went B had gone Thad breakfast when a shower. Bhai B had had Make sentences. Put the verbs into the ‘simple or past perfect simple. Seen [| vist| the town last month Sey | build | a new hospital fehen we | have | dinner | we | go| out for @ walk Sehen Sue| look |in the fridge | all the food | 20 {) not know | the way to John’s house Because I not be | there before E ike | get | really exhausted in his fi ‘marathon because he | not run| in such a Jong race before Past perfect continuous, past simple and past continuous (Units 4, 5, 15) ‘There are mistakes in some of these ‘sentences. Find the mistakes and correct them. 1. We were waiting for an hour when our train finally arrived yesterday. 2 I'd been playing football for over twenty years when T gave it up in 1980. 3 We lived in Paris for ten years when we moved to Madrid last year. 4 After we'd been walking round the town for a few hours, we decided to have hunch. 5 It was late and I was working since early in the morning, so I was very tired, 11 Will and going to (Units 16-18) Complete the sentences. Use will or going t0 and the verbs in the box. teach lend live bite take look | have buy meet rain 1 ‘Would you like to come to the cinema with us?" ‘All right. I___ you at 7.0 Look at those black clouds. It — | can't find my umbrella.’ ‘Don’t worry. T__ you mine. ‘Have you seen my tennis racket?" ‘No. T haven't. Just a minute. [in the cupboard. ‘Tcan't play chess.’ ‘I_— you if you like. ‘Why are you putting on your coat _— the dog for a walk ‘Why are you selling your house?" ‘We — in the country. Don't go near that dog! It ___ you! ‘/'m going to buy Sally a Walkman for her birthday.’ ‘She's already got one. “Has she? Well, I__her anew sweater." Have you heard the news? Mrs Green's pregnant again, She —— another baby. Present continuous and going to (Units 19-20) ‘There are mistakes in some of these sentences. Which sentences have mistakes in them? 1 We're going to see a film this evening. 2 The weather forecast says it's snowing tomorrow.ja 3 What are you doing next weekend: 4 [think England are winning the soccer match tonight. 5 I'm staying at home this evening. 6 Do you think Sarah is passing her exams Present simple and will (Units 21-22) Choose the correct answer—A or B. 1 We'll go for a picnic tomorrow if the weather nice, A will be B is 2 Simon will get a ticket for the U2 concert. providing he all night A will queue B queues 3 Ifyou go to Moscow, you__ Red Square. A willsee B see 4 Sue will give me some money when she paid A will get B gets 5 I'll phone Mike as soon as [___ any A will hear B hear 6 Unless you work hard, you —_ your A will fail B fail Future continuous and future perfect (Units 23-24) Ken and Kate are going to Paris tomorrow. Here is their timetable for tomorrow morning: 7.30-8.30 Drive to the airport 8.30 Check-in at the airport 10.00-11.00 Flight to Paris, 11.15-11.45 Taxi to the hotel 1.00 Lunch at the hotel Progress Tests 16 Complete the sentences about Ken and Kate. Put the verbs into the future continuous or future perfect. 1 At 8.00 they __ (leave) home and they —— (drive) to the airport 2 At8.30 they (arrive) at the airport and they ___ (check-in), 3 At 10.15 they (fly) to Paris. 4 At 11.30 they (arrive) in Paris and they —_ (drive) to thetr hotel. 5 At 1.10 they (have) lunch at the hotel. Future in the past: was/were going to (Cnit 25) Make sentences with was/were going to. but... Example: I take | the dog for a walk | it | start to rain was going to take the dog for a walk, but it started to rain 1 Robert | watch | the film on TV | he | fall asleep 2 1 visit| you || not have | enough time 3 Sarah | change | some traveller's cheques | the bank | be | closed 4 we | go| to the concert |it | be | cancelled [| inish | work early | my boss| ask |me to work late 6 my parents | fly to Scotland | they | decide | togo by train Continuous forms with always (Unit 26) Put the verbs in brackets into the most suitable form: the present simple or the present continuous. 1 You're never satisfied! You __ (always | complain)! 2 Maria is never late for work. She (always | arrive) on time.nie is very conceited. She — s | look) at herself in the mirror. kind. He (always |help) reer feel hungry in the mornings. I always | have) a small breakfast not used in the continuous the correct answer—A or B. ome people there is life on other planets. A are believing B believe You look worried. What __ about? A are you thinking B do you think Where's Ken?’ ‘I think a bath, A he'shaving B he has ink Ken ___a moustache. shaving B has Which sports A are you liking B do you like You can switch off the radio. to it A ['m not listening B Idon't listen _— the Russian alphabet? A. Are you understanding B Do you understand What's wrong? You look like a ghost! A you've just been seeing jou've just seen SS Can you repeat that, please? __ you. A Iwasn't hearing B Ididn't hear How long —_ your best friend? A. have you been knowing B have you known Progress Tests 18 Review of the present and the past (Unit 28) 1) Correct the mistakes in this letter using suitable present or past forms. (ii) Use these words to make the sentences In astory. Put the verbs into a suitable resent or past form. 1 What |be | the most embarrassing thing that |ever| happen | to you in your life? I have |a terrible experience last Saturday, 3 This | be | what | happen. 4 I leave | my flat at 2 o’clock and | go into town to do some shopping, 5 I|go| shopping most Saturday afternoons. By 4 o'clock [| finish | shopping and 1| go| into a cafe for a cup of coffee. While I | sit| in the cafe, [| see |a friend called Julie Jones and she | join | me. 8 At around 4.30 Julie and I pay | the bill and | leave | the cafe 9 As we| leave, |I offer | to give Julie a lift home in my car. 6Progress Tests 10 She | say | she would like a lift so we | walk | to the car park together. 11 Talways| put | my car in the same car park near the town centre, but when we | get] to the car park, I have |a big surprise. 12 My car| be | not| there! 13 Ofcourse, | immediately | think | that someone | steal | it 14 I | phone | the police, but luckily 1| do not 15 Isuddenly | realise | the truth! 16 I|not| drive | into town that day! 17 I |come |on the bus instead. 18 Imagine how stupid I | feel. 19 My face | go) so red. 20 Julie just | smile | and | say | ‘Don't worry. We can take the bus home together! (ili) Complete the sentences in this story V_ Put the verbs in brackets into a suitable past form. One night in January 1938 Samuel Beckett alk) home in Paris. He 2. (be) to the cinema and then to a cafe, where he _3___(spend) some time with friends. As Beckett and his friends _4.__ (walk) along the Avenue d’Orleans, aman —5_— (stop) them and 6 (ask) them for money. The man _7__ (drink) heavily all evening and he 8 (be) very drunk. Beckett (refuse) to give him any money. When he —10_ (start) to walk away the man —11_— (take) out a knife and 12 (stab) Beckett in the chest. A young woman called Suzanne —13__ (pass) by at the time. She _14 (stop) and__15__ (help) Beckett. Later she —16__ (visit) him in hospital. Twenty- three years later Beckett and Suzanne —17__ (get) married, —1_( 19 Review of the future (Unit 29) Choose the correct or most suitable answer—A or B. 1 Who do you think election: A is winning B will win 2 __ my flat by next weekend. A Ipaint B I'l have painted 3 Don’t go out without a coat on. a cold. A You'llcatch B You're going to catch 4 Ican’t come out with you on Saturday. the next ——a friend, A ImeetB I'm meeting 5 At 2.00 tomorrow __ in my office. 8 Filwork B I'll be working ; 6 The concert __ at 8.00 on Saturday A starts Bis going to start 7 ‘Would you lke a drink?” ‘Ob, yes, — Coke. Thank you. A [have B I'm going to have 8 ‘Where are you going with that ladder? __ the roof. A [ilrepair B.T'm going to repair 9 If Martha, I'l tell her the news, A Ise B T'llsee 10 Look out! That glass off the table. A falls B is going to fll 20 Imperative and let's (Unit 30) () How can you make your own yoghurt? Complete the instructions with the verbs in ve stir _1_— some milk for one minute. Then 2 the milk to cool for five minutes. little natural yoghurt to the milk and__4_. Then _5__ the mixture in a warm place for about cight hours.Make suggestions. Use Let's or Let's not ithe words in the box. stay hurry make | We don't want to be late. We want to keep this a secret. any mistakes. Hie don't want to go out now. at ‘Complete the sentences using the t oF past forms of be, My name —1__ John Jackson and sister's name 2 Anna. We 3. Newcastle. That _4 in the north- ‘of England. 1 _5__ 25 years old and a6 __ 16. Anna__7_ born in castle, but 1__8 n't. 1 __9__born in 1. What about you? What 10 name? You —11__n't English. Where 12__ you from? _13__ that where you {4 born? Complete the sentences using the words are('re) aren't were weren't Steven Spielberg a film maker?’ Yes, he.” 2 Dallas in Arizona?’ ‘No, it. It in Texas. 3 Madonna English?’ ‘No, she American, The Rocky Mountains in Mexico. They —— in the United States and Canada 5 “Pablo Picasso French? He __ Spanish. fsi's) isn't No, he 22 Progress Tests 6 ‘Where —_ the first Olympic Games? “They ——in Greece. 7 ‘Marie and Pi No, they Curie American: There is, there are (Unit 32) Complete the sentences. Use there, it or they with a suitable form of be. Example: There's an old castle on the hill. It's over 500 years old 1 __afilm on TV tonight. called The Deer Hunter. five senses. __ sight, hearing, taste smell and touch. ___a computer shop in the town centre?’ 'Yes, __. __ in West Street. any books about Alfred Hitchcock in the library? "Yes —_. in the fim section.” a closing-down sale at the ABC Carpet Store last month. from the 26th to the 31st of July another Olympic Games in the year 2020. probably held in Greece. 23 Have and have got (Units 33-34) There are mistakes in some of these sentences. Find the mistakes and correct, them. 1 I'm having a rest at the moment. 2 I'm having got a pain in my neck at the moment. Had you got a good journey yesterday? Have you got a new computer? We're having dinner late tonight. We usually have got dinner at 7 o'clock. “Have you got a car?" ‘Yes, I've got.’ ve got an appointment with the doctor. Did Madonna have got blonde hair in 19917 10 Do you have got a driving licence?