Worm Gear Pair

Gears
Spur
KWGDL・KWGDLS AGDL KWG AG AGF SWG AG
Duplex Worms Duplex Worm Wheels Ground Worm Shafts Worm Wheels Worm Wheels Ground Worms Worm Wheels

Helical
Reduction Ratio 20 ～ 60 Reduction Ratio 10 ～ 60 Reduction Ratio 10 ～ 60 Reduction Ratio 10 ～ 60

Gears
Series
Series Series

Newly added Newly added

m 1.5 ～ 4 m 1.5 ～ 4 m 0.5 ～ 6 m 0.5 ～ 1.5 m2 ～ 6 m1 ～ 6 m1 ～ 6

Internal
Page 348 Page 348 Page 354 Page 354 Page 358 Page 364 Page 364

Gears
SW BG CG SUW DG PG
Steel Worms Bronze Worm Wheels Gray Iron Worm Wheels Stainless Steel Worms Plastic Worm Wheels Plastic Worm Wheels
Series Reduction Ratio 10 ～ 60 Reduction Ratio Series Reduction Ratio 10 ～ 60 Reduction Ratio
10 ～ 120 10 ～ 50

Racks
Series Series Series

Newly added Newly added Newly added

m 0.5 ～ 6 Page 372 m 0.5 ～ 6 Page 372 m1 ～ 6 Page 374 m 0.5 ～ 3 Page 388 m 0.5, 0.8 Page 388 m1 ～ 3 Page 390

CP Racks
& Pinions
Gears
Miter
Catalog Number of KHK Stock Gears
The Catalog Number for KHK stock gears is based on the simple formula listed below. Please order KHK gears by specifying the Catalog
Numbers.

Gears
Bevel
(Example) Worm Gear Pair
Worms
K W G DL 2 - R1

Screw
Gears
Hand thread & Number of Starts
(Right hand, Single thread)
Module (2) Material Type

Products Gearboxes Gear Pair

K SCM440 W Worms
Type (Duplex Worm)

Worm
S S45C DL Duplex Worms
Others (Ground Gear) SU SUS303 Other Information
Type ( Worm) G Ground Gears
S Worm Shafts
Material (SCM440)
Bevel

Worm Wheels
A G 1.5 - 20 R2
Other

Material Type
Hand thread & Number of starts
(Right hand, Double thread) A CAC702(*AℓBC2) G Worm Wheels
Number of teeth (20) B CAC502(*PBC2) GDL Duplex Worm Wheels
Module (1.5) C FC200
D Polyacetal * ( ) indicates old JIS designation
Type (Worm Wheel) P MC901
Material (CAC702)

■ Feature Icons
RoHS Compliant Finished Product Ground Gear Resin Product Injection Molded
Product Product
Re-machinable Heat Treated Stainless Product Copper Alloy Black Oxide coat-
Product Product Product ed Product
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 Worm Gear Pair

Characteristics
The simplest way to obtain a large speed reduction with high torque in a compact space is with worm gear drives. KHK stock worms
and worm wheels are available in modules 0.5 to 6 and in speed ratios of 1/10 to 1/120, made in a variety of materials and styles. We
also offer stock duplex worms and worm wheels with which you can obtain a very low backlash, high rotational precision system. The
following table lists the main features for easy selection.

No. of threads
Tooth Precision
Type Catalog No. Module Material Heat treat- surface KHK W 001 Features
or reduction ratio （ ）JIS ment KHK W 002
finish NOTE 2

Single thread Thermal refined, High-precision duplex worms with superior strength. A
Duplex Worms & Worm Wheels

Worm KWGDL 2～4 SCM440 gear teeth induc- Ground 1 range of backlash values can be obtained by moving the
tion hardened worm axially.
Single thread Thermal refined, Duplex worms with a shaft, excellent in accuracy and
Worm KWGDLS 1.5 ～ 4 SCM440 gear teeth induc- Ground 1 strength. A range of backlash values can be obtained by
tion hardened moving the worm axially.
Worm CAC702 Duplex worm wheels made of aluminum bronze, excellent
AGDL 1.5 ～ 4 20 ～ 60 ― Cut 1
Wheel （AℓBC2） in wear-resistance. The pitch accuracy is first grade.

Single thread - Thermal refined, Grounded finished worms with a shaft, including tooth
Worm KWG 0.5 ～ 6 SCM440 gear teeth induc- Ground 2 surface quenching treatment. Allows compact design due
Double thread tion hardened to having small reference diameters.
Worm CAC702 Made of aluminum bronze, have excellent wear-resistance.
AG NOTE 1 0.5 ～ 1.5 10 ～ 60 ― Cut 2
Wheel （AℓBC2） Wide selection is available for this item.

Worm CAC702 Made of aluminum bronze, have excellent wear-resistance.

AGF NOTE 1 2～6 10 ～ 60 ― Cut 2
Wheel （AℓBC2） Allows compact design.
Gear teeth
Single thread - Reasonably priced ground worms. Ready-to-use finished
Worm SWG 1～6 S45C induction Ground 2
Triple thread hardened
products from the J Series, are also available.
Worms & Worm Wheels

Worm CAC702 Made of aluminum bronze, have excellent wear-resistance.

AG NOTE 1 1～6 10 ～ 60 ― Cut 2
Wheel （AℓBC2） Wide selection is available for this item.

Single thread - Cut Economical, commonly used worms that have broad utility.
Worm SW 0.5 ～ 6 S45C ― （Thread 4 Ready-to-use finished products from the J Series are also
Double thread rolled） available.
Single thread - Rust-resistant worms made of stainless steel suitable for
Worm SUW 0.5 ～ 3 SUS303 ― Cut 4 mating with DS or PG worm wheels. Finished products for
Double thread the J Series are also available.
Worm CAC502 Phosphorous bronze worm wheels have excellent wear
BG 0.5 ～ 6 10 ～ 60 ― Cut 4 resistance. Interchangeable with CG Worm Wheels, and
Wheel （PBC2） enhances strength.
Worm Economical, commonly used worm wheels that have broad
CG 1～6 10 ～ 120 FC200 ― Cut 4 utility. Available with a large selection of modules and
Wheel number of teeth.
Worm Fine pitch worm wheels made of polyacetal, a stable
DG 0.5 ～ 0.8 10 ～ 60 Polyacetal ― Cut 5 plastic material.
Wheel
Worm Light weight and strong MC Nylon worm wheels.
PG 1～3 10 ～ 50 MC901 ― Cut 5 Suitable for use in food machinery, and can be used
Wheel without lubricant.
〔NOTE 1〕 The material of cast hubs for AGF and AG worm wheels is FC200(Cast Iron). AG worm wheels mate primarily with SWG worms. But, for Mod-
ules 0.8 or smaller, AG worm wheels mate with KWG worms.
KHK stock worms and worm wheels are produced to KHK’s own precision grades. See the “Precision of Worms and Worm Wheels” in the “Se-
〔NOTE 2〕
lection Hints” section.

Our precision gear cutting technology enables acceleration and noise reduction
Setting the proper tooth contact and the backlash is essential for using worm gears. Use KHK stock worm gears for safe, reliable use.

Worm Grinding Machine by Klingelnberg Worm gear testing machine by Klingelnberg

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 KHK Technical Information

1. Efficiency of Worm Gear Pair ■ Efficiency of SWG/AG Worm Gear Pair ( %)

The efficiency of power transmission varies somewhat with (rpm ＝ Rotation of worm)
the conditions of assembly and lubricant, but is generally Worm rpm
100 300 600 900 1200 1800
30 ～ 90% (excludes losses from bearings and churning of Catalog No.

lubricants). The efficiency of KHK stock worm gear pair is SWG1-R1 34 40 45 48 51 54

given below as a reference. To learn more about strength SWG1.5-R1 35 42 47 51 53 57
calculations, please refer to the technical information con- SWG2-R1 38 45 51 55 56 61
tained in the “Surface Durability of Cylindrical Worm Gear- SWG2.5-R1 40 48 54 57 60 63
ing” section on Page 96.
SWG3-R1 41 49 55 58 62 65
■ Efficiency of KWGDLS/AGDL Worm Gear Pair ( %) SWG4-R1 42 51 56 61 63 67
(rpm ＝ Rotation of worm) SWG5-R1 46 54 60 64 66 70
SWG6-R1 48 57 64 66 68 73
100 300 600 900 1200 1800
Worm rpm

51 56 62 64 67 70
Catalog No.
SWG1-R2
KWGDL1.5-R1 35 42 47 51 53 57
SWG1.5-R2 52 59 64 67 69 73
KWGDL2-R1 38 45 51 55 56 61
SWG2-R2 55 62 67 70 72 75
KWGDL2.5-R1 40 48 54 57 60 63
SWG2.5-R2 57 64 69 72 75 77
KWGDL3-R1 41 49 55 58 62 65
SWG3-R2 58 66 71 73 76 78
KWGDL3.5-R1 42 50 56 61 62 65
SWG4-R2 59 67 72 75 77 80
KWGDL4-R1 42 51 56 61 63 67
SWG5-R2 62 70 75 78 79 82
SWG6-R2 65 72 77 80 81 84
■ Efficiency of KWG/AG, AGF Worm Gear Pair ( %)
SWG3-R3 67 74 78 80 82 84
(rpm ＝ Rotation of worm)
SWG4-R3 68 75 79 82 83 86
100 300 600 900 1200 1800
Worm rpm
Catalog No.

KWG0.5-R1 30 34 38 41 43 46
2. Self-Locking Feature of Worm Gear Pair
KWG0.8-R1 35 40 44 47 49 53
Self-locking is defined as the inability of worm wheels to drive
KWG1-R1 34 40 45 48 51 54
the worms. Factors affecting the self-locking feature include
KWG1.5-R1 35 42 47 51 53 57
the materials of the worm and worm wheel, lead angle, pre-
KWG2-R1 45 51 56 60 62 65 cision of manufacture, types of bearings, lubricant, etc. Thus,
KWG2.5-R1 44 51 57 61 62 67 it is not dependent simply on the lead angle. But, in general,
KWG3-R1 44 52 58 61 64 67 self-locking will occur when the lead angle in a single thread
。
KWG4-R1 50 58 64 66 70 72
worm is less than 4 . For systems requiring fail-safe prevention
of back drive, we recommend other braking mechanisms or
KWG5-R1 51 60 66 69 71 73
one-way clutches.
KWG6-R1 53 61 66 70 72 75
KWG0.5-R2 46 50 54 58 60 63
KWG0.8-R2 51 56 61 64 66 69
KWG1-R2 51 56 62 64 67 70
KWG1.5-R2 52 59 64 67 69 73
KWG2-R2 61 67 71 74 76 78
KWG2.5-R2 60 67 72 75 76 80
KWG3-R2 61 68 73 75 78 80
KWG4-R2 66 73 77 79 82 84

■ Efficiency of SW, SUM / CG, BG, PG Worm Gear Pair ( %)

The efficiency is approximately as follows, depending on
the assembly, loading, lubrication and rotational speed.

Catalog No. Thread Efficiency（％）

Single thread 40 ～ 50％

SW/SUW
Double thread 50 ～ 60％

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 Worm Gear Pair

Selection Hints
Please select the most suitable products by carefully considering the characteristics of items and contents of the product ta-
bles. It is also important to read all applicable “CAUTION” notes shown below before the final selection. Use of catalog numbers
when ordering will simplify and expedite the processing of your order.
1. Caution in Selecting the Mating Gears ■ The Helixes of Worms and Worm Wheels
Worms and worm wheels have either right-hand or left-hand helix.
RH single thread LH single thread
The same hand worms and worm wheels comprise sets. However,
the number of threads and whether they use normal module or axial
module system must also be matched. The table below shows avail-
able combinations of KHK stock worms and worm wheels.

■ Mating Worm Wheels Selection Chart

KWGDL
Worm KWGDLS
KWG SWG SW SUW

Mating Worm Wheel Helix/ R1 R1 R2 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 L1 L2 R1 R2

NOTE 1 Thread
AGDL R1 ○
AG0.5~1.5 R1 ○
AGF R2 ○
R1 ○
AG R2 ○
R3 ○
R1 ○ ○
R2 ○ ○
BG
L1 ○
L2 ○
R1 ○ ○
R2 ○ ○
CG
L1 ○
L2 ○
R1 ○ ○
PG
R2 ○ ○
R1 ○ ○
DG
R2 ○ ○
〔NOTE 1〕 Select the same module for both members.
RH double thread LH double thread

2. Caution in Selecting Gears Based on Gear Strength

The gear strength values shown in the product pages were compute by assuming a certain application environment as shown below. Therefore,
they should be used as reference only. We recommend that each user computes their own values by applying the actual usage conditions.
■ Calculation assumptions for Surface Durability ■ Calculation assumptions for Bending Strength
Catalog No.
KWGDL・KWGDLS/AGDL
SW/BG SW/CG SUW/PG SUW/DG
KWG/AGF, SWG/AG
Item
Formula NOTE 2 Formula of worm gear's strength（JGMA405-01） The Lewis formula
Rotations of worm 600rpm 100rpm Allowable bending stress（kgf/mm2）
Lubricant Lubricant for gears with proper viscosity and with anti-pressure additives
Lubrication Oil bath
　　　 NOTE 3
Starting condition Starting torque less than 200% of rated torque. Less than 2 starts per hour
1.15 1
Durability 26000 hours （40OC with No （40OC with No
Lubrication） Lubrication）
Impact from motor Uniform load
Impact from load Uniform load
Allowable stress factor Sclim 0.67 0.70 0.42
〔NOTE 2〕The gear strength formula is based on JGMA (Japanese Gear Manufacturer’s Association) specifications and “MC Nylon Technical Data” by
Nippon Polypenco Limited. The units for the rotational speed (rpm) and the stress (kgf/mm2) are adjusted to the units needed in the formula.
〔NOTE 3〕Allowable bending stress of DG worm wheel is the value we estimated.

■ The Maximum Allowable Sliding Speed Due to Heat

The maximum allowable sliding speed for each series Catalog No. Max. Sliding Speed (m/s)
of worm wheels is given on the right. Select the appro- AGDL ＊ 15
priate part by calculating the sliding speed. AGF ＊ 15
Sliding speed　νs（m/s） AG ＊ 15
d ：Worm pitch dia. BG ＊ 10
νs ＝
dn CG ＊ 2.5
n ：Worm speed (rpm)
19100 cos γ PG 1（no lubrication）
γ ：Worm nominal lead angle
* JGMA405-01

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 KHK Technical Information

3. Selecting Worms and Worm Wheels by Precision

The precision standards of KHK stock worms and worm
wheels are established by us. The table below indicates the
tolerance ranges for our products.

① Precision of worms（KHK W 001） ③ Overall Length Tolerance of Worms

KHK established allowable profile and lead errors of worms ■ Overall Length Tolerance of Worms
with precision grades 1 to 4, by using the JIS Standard as refer-
ence. Lead errors are measured over one full revolution. Series Total length(mm) Tolerance
0
■ Precision Grades of Worms (KHK W 001) (Unit: μm) KWGDL Uniform
－ 0.10
Module
0
over over over over over Less than 100
Grade

Error SWG － 0.15

m 0.4 m 1up m 1.6 m 2.5 m4 SW
up to1 to 1.6 up to 2.5 up to 4 up to 6 SUW 0
Over 100
－ 0.20
Tooth profile error 8 12 16 20 25
1
7 9 11 13 16 KWGDLS
Normal tolerance
Lead error
Uniform
Tooth profile error 12 16 20 24 29 KWG
2
Lead error 15 18 21 25 28
■ Overall Length Tolerance of Worms Wheels
Tooth profile erro 16 23 30 37 50
3
Lead error 20 23 27 33 37
Total length(mm) Tolerance
Tooth profile error 20 30 40 50 70
4
Lead error 30 32 38 46 52 0
below 30
－ 0.10
② Precision of worm wheels (KHK W 002)
0
We have established standard grades 1 to 5 of worm over 30 up to 100
－ 0.15
wheels using the JIS Standard as reference. The allowable
values of Single Pitch Error and Runout Error are defined 0
over 100
－ 0.20
for each module size and pitch diameter.
〔CAUTION〕 PG Plastic Wheels are excluded.

■ Precision Grades of Worm Wheels (KHK W 002) Unit：μm

Over m0.4 up to 1 Over m1 up to 1.6 Over m1.6 up to 2.5 Over m2.5 up to 4 Over m4 up to 6
Pitch diameter (mm)
6 up to 12

12 up to 25

25 up to 50

50 up to 100

100 up to 200

12 up to 25

25 up to 50

50 up to 100

100 up to 200

200 up to 400

12 up to 25

25 up to 50

50 up to 100

100 up to 200

200 up to 400

25 up to 50

50 up to 100

100 up to 200

200 up to 400

400 up to 800

25 up to 50

50 up to 100

100 up to 200

200 up to 400

400 up to 800
Grade

Error

Single pitch error 5 6 7 7 9 6 7 8 9 10 7 7 8 9 11 8 9 10 11 13 9 10 11 13 14

1
Total composite error 21 24 26 30 34 25 28 31 35 41 27 30 33 37 43 33 36 40 46 53 37 40 45 50 57
Single pitch error 8 8 9 10 12 9 10 11 12 14 9 10 12 13 15 11 13 14 16 18 13 14 16 18 20
2
Total composite error 30 33 37 42 48 35 39 44 50 57 38 42 46 52 60 46 51 57 64 74 52 57 63 71 80
Single pitch error 11 12 13 15 17 12 14 16 18 20 13 15 16 19 21 16 18 20 23 26 19 20 22 25 29
3
Total composite error 43 47 53 60 68 50 55 62 71 81 53 59 66 74 85 65 72 81 91 105 74 81 90 100 115
Single pitch error 15 17 19 21 24 18 19 22 25 29 19 21 23 26 30 23 25 28 32 37 26 28 32 35 40
4
Total composite error 60 66 74 83 95 70 77 87 99 115 75 83 92 105 120 91 100 115 130 145 105 115 125 140 160
Single pitch error 21 24 26 30 34 25 28 31 35 41 27 30 33 37 43 33 36 40 46 53 37 40 45 50 57
5
Total composite error 86 94 105 120 135 100 110 125 140 165 105 120 130 150 170 130 145 160 185 210 150 160 180 200 230

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 Worm Gear Pair

Application Hints
In order to use KHK stock worms and worm wheels safely, 2. Points of Caution in Assembling
carefully read the Application Hints before proceeding. If
① KHK stock worms and worm wheels are designed such that
there are questions or you require clarifications, please con- when assembled according to the specified mounting distance
tact our technical department or your nearest distributor. with a tolerance of H7 to H8, the backlash shown in the prod-
uct tables is obtained. Do not attempt to eliminate backlash by
KHK USA Inc. pushing worms into worm wheels or operate with the worm
PHONE: 516-248-3850 FAX: 516-248-4385 shifted in the direction along the tooth.
E-mail info@khkgears.us ② The figure below shows the datum clamp face of a worm wheel.
When assembling worm gears, be sure that the worm axis is in
1. Caution on Performing Secondary Operations the center of the worm wheel face width.

① If you are reboring, it is important to pay special attention Datum Clamp Face
to locating the center in order to avoid runout. (Fig.1) The
reference datum for gear cutting or grinding is the bore. (For
worm shafts, it is ground portion of the shaft.) Therefore, use A
A
the bore or shaft for locating the center. If it is too difficult to A
do for small bores, the alternative is to use one spot on the
bore and the runout of the side surface.

Hub - one side Hub - both sides Ring geometry

Lathe Operation ③ Because of the helix of the gear teeth, worms and worm wheels
produce axial thrust forces. The directions of thrust depend on
the hand of the helix and the direction of rotation. This is illustrat-
ed below in Fig.2. The bearings must be selected properly to be
able to handle these thrust forces. See the “Gear Forces” section
in separate technical reference book for more details (Page 107).

Direction of rotation and thrust force

R helical

Driver Thrust bearing

Driver

If chucking operation using scroll chucks is to

be done, we recommend the use of new or L helical
rebored jaws for improved precision.
Fig.1

② To open up the bore to its maximum, calculate the bore size

so that the tooth strength is weaker than the strength of the Driver Thrust bearing Driver
remaining material.
For machining the maximum bore diameter, it should be
designed so that the thickness between hub diameter (or root
diameter) to bore diameter has more strength than the gear
strength. As a guide, the maximum machined bore diameter
should be within 60% to 70% of the hub diameter (or root
diameter). When the keyway is processed, it should be 50% to Fig.2
60%. In the case FC material is used, it should be lower by 10%
or more. ④ Because large thrust forces act on worms, if they are not se-
③ Since worm wheels are molded products, they may have air cured to the shaft firmly, they tend to shift. Use of step shafts,
bubbles inside the material. In case you find air bubbles inside set screws, dowel pins, etc., are recommended. Also, check for
when performing secondary operations, and if the bubbles are loosening of bearings due to thrust forces.
found to be troublesome, please contact your KHK distributor.

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 KHK Technical Information

3. Verifying the orientation of assembly

How well the worms and worm wheels are assembled has large effects on the friction of the unit. The tooth contact at the
time of assembly must be checked for correctness as shown below. See the “Tooth Contact of a Worm Gear Pair” section in
separate technical reference book for more details (Page 67).
● Verify that the worm axis is perpendicular to the worm ● Check that the worm axis is in the center of the worm
wheel axis. wheel face width.

Good Bad Good Bad

Error
Error Error
Error

● Check the mounting distance (allowable mounting dis- ● Confirm that the center of the worm wheel goes
tance H7 ～ H8). through the midpoint of the worm length.

Good Bad Good Bad

Error Error

The worm cannot rotate correctly if the worm

wheel is engaged close to either end of its length.
RH LH RH LH

Application Examples

SW Worms and CG Worm Wheels used in a rotating comb device SW Worms and BG Worm Wheels used in adjusting a cloth feeding device

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 KWGDL・KWGDLS & AGDL
Duplex Worm Gears

■ Description of duplex worm gears

The usual method of adjusting the backlash of a worm gear assem-
Gears
Spur

bly is to modify the center distance. Once assembled, such adjust-

ment requires a major rework of the gearbox housing. The use of
duplex worm gears allows the backlash adjustment to be made by
axially shifting the worm. This simplifies greatly the assembly and
Helical
Gears

maintenance operations. Because of the unique characteristics of

the product, please take time to study its construction and proper
use.
Internal
Gears
Racks

■ Backlash adjustment mechanism and method of adjustment

The dual-lead worm is formed to give a difference between the right tooth surface and An arrow marking on the outer circumference of the hub of the
left tooth surface so that it provides a unique tooth profile in which the tooth thickness KHK duplex worm indicates the direction of assembly as well as
CP Racks
& Pinions

varies continuously, corresponding with the lead difference. (Fig.1) acts as a guide for the backlash adjustment.
The worm gear is also formed in its right and left tooth surface. When the worm is held with arrow mark pointing right, the
tooth thickness is thinner on the right and thicker on the left.
When such a worm and worm gear are set up at a constant assembly distance and the
Therefore, moving the worm to the right causes the thicker
worm is moved in the axial direction, the tooth thickness of the worm in mesh with the
teeth to come into actual engagement with the worm gear,
worm gear changes making backlash adjustment possible.
Gears
Miter

thereby reducing the backlash. (Fig.2)

(a tooth surface pitch) (b tooth surface pitch)

Gears
Bevel

b tooth surface a tooth surface

Screw
Gears

(Nominal surface)

Fig.1
Products Gearboxes Gear Pair
Worm

〔CAUTION〕The amount of change in backlash ( △ j mm) in relation to the axial movement of

the duplex worm shaft (V mm) can be calculated from the formula below. Reference tooth
Moving the worm in the direction of the
arrow causes the backlash to decrease.
mb － ma
Δ j ＝ 2V
ma ＋ mb Fig. 2
Bevel

Where 〔CAUTION〕 The KHK duplex worm is designed so that, for all
m a ＝ Nominal Axial Module －（0.01 × Nominal Axial Module） modules, the backlash reduces by 0.02 mm when
m b ＝ Nominal Axial Module ＋（0.01 × Nominal Axial Module） the worm is shifted 1 mm.
Other

■ Application Examples

Adjusting Screw Adjusting Shim

Adjustment by using Screws * Adjustment by using Shims *

* The illustration above is a design example, not a design for machinery or a device in actual use.
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 KWGDL・KWGDLS & AGDL

Duplex Worm Gears

■ Point of caution during assembly

KHK duplex worm gears differs in module between the right and left

Gears
tooth surface and, therefore, you must orient the worm and worm

Spur
wheel properly. Please carefully verify the following two aspects be-
fore proceeding with assembly.
1. Verifying the orientation of assembly

Helical
Gears
An arrow indicating the orientation of assembly is stamped on both the duplex worm and worm wheel. When assembling
the worm and worm wheel, check the worm wheel of the arrow mark on the front such that the direction of arrow mark on
the worm coincides with that on the worm wheel. Should the assembly be incorrect, the center distance “a” will become
larger than the normal distance, resulting in difficulty of assembly and improper gear engagement. (Fig.3)

Internal
Gears
Racks
CP Racks
& Pinions
Gears
Miter
Gears
Bevel
Screw
Gears
Arrow mark indicates the correct orientation of two gears when assembled. As shown, the two arrows must point in the same direction.
Fig. 3

Products Gearboxes Gear Pair

Worm
2. Verifying the reference position
A V-groove (60 ゜, 0.3 mm deep line) on tip peripheral of the duplex worm tooth marks the reference tooth. The gear set is designat-
ed to have a backlash of nearly zero ( ± 0.045) when the reference tooth is positioned in alignment with the center of rotation of
the worm wheel with the center distance set at the value "a". (Fig.4)
Other Bevel

Reference tooth
Center distance

Center distance

Reference tooth

Fig. 4

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