Worm Gear Pair

Gears
Spur
KWGDL・KWGDLS AGDL KWG AG AGF SWG AG
Duplex Worms Duplex Worm Wheels Ground Worm Shafts Worm Wheels Worm Wheels Ground Worms Worm Wheels

Helical
Reduction Ratio 20 ∼ 60 Reduction Ratio 10 ∼ 60 Reduction Ratio 10 ∼ 60 Reduction Ratio 10 ∼ 60

Gears
Series
Series Series

Newly added Newly added

m 1.5 ∼ 4 m 1.5 ∼ 4 m 0.5 ∼ 6 m 0.5 ∼ 1.5 m2 ∼ 6 m1 ∼ 6 m1 ∼ 6

Internal
Page 348 Page 348 Page 354 Page 354 Page 358 Page 364 Page 364

Gears
SW BG CG SUW DG PG
Steel Worms Bronze Worm Wheels Gray Iron Worm Wheels Stainless Steel Worms Plastic Worm Wheels Plastic Worm Wheels
Series Reduction Ratio 10 ∼ 60 Reduction Ratio Series Reduction Ratio 10 ∼ 60 Reduction Ratio
10 ∼ 120 10 ∼ 50

Racks
Series Series Series

Newly added Newly added Newly added

m 0.5 ∼ 6 Page 372 m 0.5 ∼ 6 Page 372 m1 ∼ 6 Page 374 m 0.5 ∼ 3 Page 388 m 0.5, 0.8 Page 388 m1 ∼ 3 Page 390

CP Racks
& Pinions
Gears
Miter
Catalog Number of KHK Stock Gears
The Catalog Number for KHK stock gears is based on the simple formula listed below. Please order KHK gears by specifying the Catalog
Numbers.

Gears
Bevel
(Example) Worm Gear Pair
Worms
K W G DL 2 - R1

Screw
Gears
Hand thread & Number of Starts
(Right hand, Single thread)
Module (2) Material Type

Products Gearboxes Gear Pair

K SCM440 W Worms
Type (Duplex Worm)

Worm
S S45C DL Duplex Worms
Others (Ground Gear) SU SUS303 Other Information
Type ( Worm) G Ground Gears
S Worm Shafts
Material (SCM440)

Bevel
Worm Wheels
A G 1.5 - 20 R2

Other
Material Type
Hand thread & Number of starts
(Right hand, Double thread) A CAC702(*AℓBC2) G Worm Wheels
Number of teeth (20) B CAC502(*PBC2) GDL Duplex Worm Wheels
Module (1.5) C FC200
D Polyacetal * ( ) indicates old JIS designation
Type (Worm Wheel) P MC901
Material (CAC702)

■ Feature Icons
RoHS Compliant Finished Product Ground Gear Resin Product Injection Molded
Product Product
Re-machinable Heat Treated Stainless Product Copper Alloy Black Oxide coat-
Product Product Product ed Product
339
 Worm Gear Pair KHK Technical Information

Characteristics
The simplest way to obtain a large speed reduction with high torque in a compact space is with worm gear drives. KHK stock worms 1. Efficiency of Worm Gear Pair ■ Efficiency of SWG/AG Worm Gear Pair ( %)
and worm wheels are available in modules 0.5 to 6 and in speed ratios of 1/10 to 1/120, made in a variety of materials and styles. We (rpm ＝ Rotation of worm)
The efficiency of power transmission varies somewhat with
also offer stock duplex worms and worm wheels with which you can obtain a very low backlash, high rotational precision system. The
following table lists the main features for easy selection. the conditions of assembly and lubricant, but is generally Worm rpm
100 300 600 900 1200 1800
30 ∼ 90% (excludes losses from bearings and churning of Catalog No.

No. of threads
Tooth Precision lubricants). The efficiency of KHK stock worm gear pair is SWG1-R1 34 40 45 48 51 54
Material Heat treat- surface KHK W 001
given below as a reference. To learn more about strength
Type Catalog No. Module Features
or reduction ratio （ ）JIS ment KHK W 002 SWG1.5-R1 35 42 47 51 53 57
finish NOTE 2
calculations, please refer to the technical information con- 38 45 51 55 56 61
Single thread Thermal refined, High-precision duplex worms with superior strength. A SWG2-R1
Duplex Worms & Worm Wheels

Worm KWGDL 2∼4 SCM440 gear teeth induc- Ground 1 range of backlash values can be obtained by moving the tained in the Surface Durability of Cylindrical Worm Gear- SWG2.5-R1 40 48 54 57 60 63
tion hardened worm axially. ing section on Page 96.
Single thread Thermal refined, Duplex worms with a shaft, excellent in accuracy and SWG3-R1 41 49 55 58 62 65
Worm KWGDLS 1.5 ∼ 4 SCM440 gear teeth induc- Ground 1 strength. A range of backlash values can be obtained by
tion hardened moving the worm axially. ■ Efficiency of KWGDLS/AGDL Worm Gear Pair ( %) SWG4-R1 42 51 56 61 63 67
CAC702 Duplex worm wheels made of aluminum bronze, excellent (rpm ＝ Rotation of worm) SWG5-R1 46 54 60 64 66 70
1.5 ∼ 4 20 ∼ 60 Cut 1
Worm
AGDL ―
Wheel （AℓBC2） in wear-resistance. The pitch accuracy is first grade.
48 57 64 66 68 73
100 300 600 900 1200 1800
Worm rpm SWG6-R1
Single thread - Thermal refined, Grounded finished worms with a shaft, including tooth
51 56 62 64 67 70
Catalog No.
KWG 0.5 ∼ 6 SCM440 gear teeth induc- Ground 2 surface quenching treatment. Allows compact design due SWG1-R2
Double thread
Worm
tion hardened to having small reference diameters. KWGDL1.5-R1 35 42 47 51 53 57
SWG1.5-R2 52 59 64 67 69 73
CAC702 Made of aluminum bronze, have excellent wear-resistance. KWGDL2-R1 38 45 51 55 56 61
0.5 ∼ 1.5 10 ∼ 60 Cut 2 55 62 67 70 72 75
Worm
AG NOTE 1 ― SWG2-R2
Wheel （AℓBC2） Wide selection is available for this item.
KWGDL2.5-R1 40 48 54 57 60 63
SWG2.5-R2 57 64 69 72 75 77
CAC702 Made of aluminum bronze, have excellent wear-resistance. 41 49 55 58 62 65
2∼6 10 ∼ 60 Cut 2
Worm
― KWGDL3-R1
Wheel
AGF NOTE 1 （AℓBC2） Allows compact design. SWG3-R2 58 66 71 73 76 78
KWGDL3.5-R1 42 50 56 61 62 65
Single thread - Gear teeth SWG4-R2 59 67 72 75 77 80
Reasonably priced ground worms. Ready-to-use finished
SWG 1∼6 S45C induction Ground 2 KWGDL4-R1 42 51 56 61 63 67
Triple thread products from the J Series, are also available.
Worm
hardened SWG5-R2 62 70 75 78 79 82
Worms & Worm Wheels

CAC702 Made of aluminum bronze, have excellent wear-resistance. SWG6-R2 65 72 77 80 81 84

1∼6 10 ∼ 60 ― Cut 2
Worm
AG NOTE 1 （AℓBC2） Wide selection is available for this item. ■ Efficiency of KWG/AG, AGF Worm Gear Pair ( %)
Wheel SWG3-R3 67 74 78 80 82 84
Cut Economical, commonly used worms that have broad utility.
(rpm ＝ Rotation of worm)
Single thread - 68 75 79 82 83 86
SW 0.5 ∼ 6 S45C ― （Thread 4 Ready-to-use finished products from the J Series are also SWG4-R3
Double thread
Worm
100 300 600 900 1200 1800
Worm rpm
rolled） available.
Rust-resistant worms made of stainless steel suitable for
Catalog No.
Single thread -
SUW 0.5 ∼ 3 SUS303 ― Cut 4 mating with DS or PG worm wheels. Finished products for KWG0.5-R1 30 34 38 41 43 46
Double thread
Worm
the J Series are also available. 2. Self-Locking Feature of Worm Gear Pair
Phosphorous bronze worm wheels have excellent wear KWG0.8-R1 35 40 44 47 49 53
CAC502 Self-locking is defined as the inability of worm wheels to drive
0.5 ∼ 6 10 ∼ 60 ― Cut 4
Worm
BG resistance. Interchangeable with CG Worm Wheels, and 34 40 45 48 51 54
（PBC2） KWG1-R1
enhances strength. the worms. Factors affecting the self-locking feature include
Wheel
Economical, commonly used worm wheels that have broad 35 42 47 51 53 57
Worm
CG 1∼6 10 ∼ 120 FC200 ― Cut 4 utility. Available with a large selection of modules and
KWG1.5-R1 the materials of the worm and worm wheel, lead angle, pre-
Wheel number of teeth. KWG2-R1 45 51 56 60 62 65 cision of manufacture, types of bearings, lubricant, etc. Thus,
Fine pitch worm wheels made of polyacetal, a stable KWG2.5-R1 44 51 57 61 62 67 it is not dependent simply on the lead angle. But, in general,
0.5 ∼ 0.8 10 ∼ 60 Polyacetal ― Cut 5
Worm
DG
Wheel plastic material.
44 52 58 61 64 67 self-locking will occur when the lead angle in a single thread
KWG3-R1 。
Light weight and strong MC Nylon worm wheels.
50 58 64 66 70 72
worm is less than 4 . For systems requiring fail-safe prevention
1∼3 10 ∼ 50 MC901 ― Cut 5
Worm
Suitable for use in food machinery, and can be used KWG4-R1
of back drive, we recommend other braking mechanisms or
PG
Wheel without lubricant.
51 60 66 69 71 73
one-way clutches.
KWG5-R1
〔NOTE 1〕 The material of cast hubs for AGF and AG worm wheels is FC200(Cast Iron). AG worm wheels mate primarily with SWG worms. But, for Mod-
KWG6-R1 53 61 66 70 72 75
ules 0.8 or smaller, AG worm wheels mate with KWG worms.
〔NOTE 2〕 KHK stock worms and worm wheels are produced to KHK s own precision grades. See the Precision of Worms and Worm Wheels in the Se- KWG0.5-R2 46 50 54 58 60 63
lection Hints section.
KWG0.8-R2 51 56 61 64 66 69
KWG1-R2 51 56 62 64 67 70

Our precision gear cutting technology enables acceleration and noise reduction KWG1.5-R2 52 59 64 67 69 73
61 67 71 74 76 78
Setting the proper tooth contact and the backlash is essential for using worm gears. Use KHK stock worm gears for safe, reliable use.
KWG2-R2
KWG2.5-R2 60 67 72 75 76 80
KWG3-R2 61 68 73 75 78 80
KWG4-R2 66 73 77 79 82 84

■ Efficiency of SW, SUM / CG, BG, PG Worm Gear Pair ( %)

The efficiency is approximately as follows, depending on
the assembly, loading, lubrication and rotational speed.

Catalog No. Thread Efficiency（％）

Single thread 40 ∼ 50％

SW/SUW
Double thread 50 ∼ 60％

Worm Grinding Machine by Klingelnberg Worm gear testing machine by Klingelnberg

340 341
 Worm Gear Pair KHK Technical Information

Selection Hints
Please select the most suitable products by carefully considering the characteristics of items and contents of the product ta- 3. Selecting Worms and Worm Wheels by Precision
bles. It is also important to read all applicable CAUTION notes shown below before the final selection. Use of catalog numbers
The precision standards of KHK stock worms and worm
when ordering will simplify and expedite the processing of your order.
wheels are established by us. The table below indicates the
1. Caution in Selecting the Mating Gears ■ The Helixes of Worms and Worm Wheels tolerance ranges for our products.
Worms and worm wheels have either right-hand or left-hand helix.
RH single thread LH single thread ① Precision of worms（KHK W 001） ③ Overall Length Tolerance of Worms
The same hand worms and worm wheels comprise sets. However,
the number of threads and whether they use normal module or axial KHK established allowable profile and lead errors of worms ■ Overall Length Tolerance of Worms
module system must also be matched. The table below shows avail- with precision grades 1 to 4, by using the JIS Standard as refer-
able combinations of KHK stock worms and worm wheels. ence. Lead errors are measured over one full revolution. Series Total length(mm) Tolerance
0
■ Mating Worm Wheels Selection Chart ■ Precision Grades of Worms (KHK W 001) (Unit: µm) KWGDL Uniform
− 0.10
0
KWGDL Module
Worm
over over over over over
KWG SWG SW SUW

Grade
− 0.15
KWGDLS SWG Less than 100
Error
Mating Worm Wheel Helix/ m 0.4 m 1up m 1.6 m 2.5 m4 SW
0
R1 R1 R2 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 L1 L2 R1 R2
up to1 to 1.6 up to 2.5 up to 4 up to 6
NOTE 1 Thread
○
SUW
− 0.20
AGDL R1 Over 100
AG0.5~1.5 R1 ○ Tooth profile error 8 12 16 20 25
1
○ 7 9 11 13 16
Normal tolerance
AGF R2 Lead error KWGDLS
○ Uniform
12 16 20 24 29
R1 KWG
AG R2 ○
Tooth profile error
2
R3 ○ Lead error 15 18 21 25 28
■ Overall Length Tolerance of Worms Wheels
R1 ○ ○ Tooth profile erro 16 23 30 37 50
○ ○ 3
20 23 27 33 37
R2
BG
L1 ○
Lead error
Total length(mm) Tolerance
L2 ○ Tooth profile error 20 30 40 50 70
4
R1 ○ ○ Lead error 30 32 38 46 52 0
R2 ○ ○
− 0.10
CG below 30
L1 ○
○ ② Precision of worm wheels (KHK W 002)
0
L2
○ ○
PG
R1
We have established standard grades 1 to 5 of worm over 30 up to 100
− 0.15
○ ○
wheels using the JIS Standard as reference. The allowable
R2
○ ○
0
R1
values of Single Pitch Error and Runout Error are defined
DG
R2 ○ ○
− 0.20
over 100
〔NOTE 1〕 Select the same module for both members. for each module size and pitch diameter.
RH double thread LH double thread
〔CAUTION〕 PG Plastic Wheels are excluded.
2. Caution in Selecting Gears Based on Gear Strength
The gear strength values shown in the product pages were compute by assuming a certain application environment as shown below. Therefore,
■ Precision Grades of Worm Wheels (KHK W 002) Unit：µm
they should be used as reference only. We recommend that each user computes their own values by applying the actual usage conditions. Over m0.4 up to 1 Over m1 up to 1.6 Over m1.6 up to 2.5 Over m2.5 up to 4 Over m4 up to 6
Pitch diameter (mm)
■ Calculation assumptions for Surface Durability ■ Calculation assumptions for Bending Strength

6 up to 12

12 up to 25

25 up to 50

50 up to 100

100 up to 200

12 up to 25

25 up to 50

50 up to 100

100 up to 200

200 up to 400

12 up to 25

25 up to 50

50 up to 100

100 up to 200

200 up to 400

25 up to 50

50 up to 100

100 up to 200

200 up to 400

400 up to 800

25 up to 50

50 up to 100

100 up to 200

200 up to 400

400 up to 800
Catalog No.
KWGDL・KWGDLS/AGDL

Grade
SW/BG SW/CG SUW/PG SUW/DG
KWG/AGF, SWG/AG Error
Item
Formula NOTE 2 Formula of worm gear's strength（JGMA405-01） The Lewis formula
Rotations of worm 600rpm 100rpm Allowable bending stress（kgf/mm2）
Lubricant Lubricant for gears with proper viscosity and with anti-pressure additives
Lubrication Oil bath Single pitch error 5 6 7 7 9 6 7 8 9 10 7 7 8 9 11 8 9 10 11 13 9 10 11 13 14
NOTE 3 1
Starting torque less than 200% of rated torque. Less than 2 starts per hour Total composite error 21 24 26 30 34 25 28 31 35 41 27 30 33 37 43 33 36 40 46 53 37 40 45 50 57
1.15 1
Starting condition
8 8 9 10 12 9 10 11 12 14 9 10 12 13 15 11 13 14 16 18 13 14 16 18 20
26000 hours （40OC with No （40OC with No
Single pitch error
Durability 2
30 33 37 42 48 35 39 44 50 57 38 42 46 52 60 46 51 57 64 74 52 57 63 71 80
Lubrication） Lubrication） Total composite error
Impact from motor Uniform load 11 12 13 15 17 12 14 16 18 20 13 15 16 19 21 16 18 20 23 26 19 20 22 25 29
Single pitch error
Uniform load
3
Impact from load Total composite error 43 47 53 60 68 50 55 62 71 81 53 59 66 74 85 65 72 81 91 105 74 81 90 100 115

Allowable stress factor Sclim 0.67 0.70 0.42 Single pitch error 15 17 19 21 24 18 19 22 25 29 19 21 23 26 30 23 25 28 32 37 26 28 32 35 40
4
60 66 74 83 95 70 77 87 99 115 75 83 92 105 120 91 100 115 130 145 105 115 125 140 160
〔NOTE 2〕The gear strength formula is based on JGMA (Japanese Gear Manufacturer s Association) specifications and MC Nylon Technical Data by Total composite error
Nippon Polypenco Limited. The units for the rotational speed (rpm) and the stress (kgf/mm2) are adjusted to the units needed in the formula. Single pitch error 21 24 26 30 34 25 28 31 35 41 27 30 33 37 43 33 36 40 46 53 37 40 45 50 57
〔NOTE 3〕Allowable bending stress of DG worm wheel is the value we estimated.
5
Total composite error 86 94 105 120 135 100 110 125 140 165 105 120 130 150 170 130 145 160 185 210 150 160 180 200 230

■ The Maximum Allowable Sliding Speed Due to Heat

The maximum allowable sliding speed for each series Catalog No. Max. Sliding Speed (m/s)
of worm wheels is given on the right. Select the appro- AGDL ＊ 15
priate part by calculating the sliding speed. AGF ＊ 15
Sliding speed Ȟs（m/s） AG ＊ 15
d：Worm pitch dia. BG ＊ 10
Ȟs ＝
dn ＊ 2.5
n：Worm speed (rpm) CG
FRVȖ 1（no lubrication）
Ȗ：Worm nominal lead angle
PG
* JGMA405-01

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 Worm Gear Pair KHK Technical Information

Application Hints
In order to use KHK stock worms and worm wheels safely, 2. Points of Caution in Assembling 3. Verifying the orientation of assembly
carefully read the Application Hints before proceeding. If
① KHK stock worms and worm wheels are designed such that How well the worms and worm wheels are assembled has large effects on the friction of the unit. The tooth contact at the
there are questions or you require clarifications, please con- when assembled according to the specified mounting distance time of assembly must be checked for correctness as shown below. See the Tooth Contact of a Worm Gear Pair section in
tact our technical department or your nearest distributor. with a tolerance of H7 to H8, the backlash shown in the prod- separate technical reference book for more details (Page 67).
uct tables is obtained. Do not attempt to eliminate backlash by
KHK Co., Ltd. pushing worms into worm wheels or operate with the worm ● Verify that the worm axis is perpendicular to the worm ● Check that the worm axis is in the center of the worm
PHONE: 81-48-254-1744 FAX: 81-48-254-1765 shifted in the direction along the tooth. wheel axis. wheel face width.
E-mail export@khkgears.co.jp ② The figure below shows the datum clamp face of a worm wheel.
When assembling worm gears, be sure that the worm axis is in
the center of the worm wheel face width. Good Bad Good Bad
1. Caution on Performing Secondary Operations
① If you are reboring, it is important to pay special attention Datum Clamp Face
to locating the center in order to avoid runout. (Fig.1) The
Error
reference datum for gear cutting or grinding is the bore. (For Error Error
Error
worm shafts, it is ground portion of the shaft.) Therefore, use A A
the bore or shaft for locating the center. If it is too difficult to A
do for small bores, the alternative is to use one spot on the
bore and the runout of the side surface.

Hub - one side Hub - both sides Ring geometry

Lathe Operation ③ Because of the helix of the gear teeth, worms and worm wheels ● Check the mounting distance (allowable mounting dis- ● Confirm that the center of the worm wheel goes
produce axial thrust forces. The directions of thrust depend on
tance H7 ∼ H8). through the midpoint of the worm length.
the hand of the helix and the direction of rotation. This is illustrat-
ed below in Fig.2. The bearings must be selected properly to be
able to handle these thrust forces. See the Gear Forces section Good Bad
in separate technical reference book for more details (Page 107).
Good Bad

Direction of rotation and thrust force Error Error

R helical

Driver Thrust bearing

Driver The worm cannot rotate correctly if the worm
wheel is engaged close to either end of its length.
RH LH RH LH

If chucking operation using scroll chucks is to

be done, we recommend the use of new or L helical Application Examples
rebored jaws for improved precision.
Fig.1

② To open up the bore to its maximum, calculate the bore size

so that the tooth strength is weaker than the strength of the Driver Thrust bearing Driver
remaining material.
For machining the maximum bore diameter, it should be
designed so that the thickness between hub diameter (or root
diameter) to bore diameter has more strength than the gear
strength. As a guide, the maximum machined bore diameter
should be within 60% to 70% of the hub diameter (or root
diameter). When the keyway is processed, it should be 50% to Fig.2
60%. In the case FC material is used, it should be lower by 10%
or more. ④ Because large thrust forces act on worms, if they are not se-
③ Since worm wheels are molded products, they may have air cured to the shaft firmly, they tend to shift. Use of step shafts,
bubbles inside the material. In case you find air bubbles inside set screws, dowel pins, etc., are recommended. Also, check for
when performing secondary operations, and if the bubbles are loosening of bearings due to thrust forces.
SW Worms and CG Worm Wheels used in a rotating comb device SW Worms and BG Worm Wheels used in adjusting a cloth feeding device
found to be troublesome, please contact your KHK distributor.

344 345