Mysql practice

Problem 1

Find the number of Male (M) and Female (F) employees in the database and order the counts in
descending order.

SELECT gender, COUNT(*) AS total_count

FROM employees
GROUP BY gender
ORDER BY total_count DESC;

Problem 2

Find the average salary by employee title, round to 2 decimal places and order by descending
order.

SELECT title, ROUND(AVG(salary), 2) as avg_salary

FROM titles t JOIN salaries s ON s.emp_no = t.emp_no
GROUP BY title
ORDER BY avg_salary DESC;

Problem 3

Find all the employees that have worked in at least 2 departments. Show their first name,
last_name and the number of departments they work in. Display all results in ascending order.

SELECT CONCAT(e.first_name, ' ' , e.last_name) AS name, COUNT(*) AS

number_of_departments
FROM employees e JOIN dept_emp d ON e.emp_no = d.emp_no
GROUP BY d.emp_no
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1
ORDER BY name ASC;

Problem 4

Display the first name, last name, and salary of the highest payed employee.

SELECT CONCAT(employees.first_name, ' ', employees.last_name) AS

employee_name, salaries.salary
FROM employees JOIN salaries ON employees.emp_no = salaries.emp_no
WHERE salaries.salary = (SELECT MAX(salaries.salary) FROM salaries);

Problem 5

Display the first name, last name, and salary of the second highest payed employee.
SELECT CONCAT(employees.first_name, ' ', employees.last_name) AS
employee_name, salaries.salary
FROM employees JOIN salaries ON employees.emp_no = salaries.emp_no
WHERE salaries.salary < (SELECT MAX(salaries.salary) FROM salaries)
ORDER BY salaries.salary DESC
LIMIT 1;

Problem 6

Display the month and total hires for the month with the most hires.

SELECT DATE_FORMAT(hire_date, '%M') AS month, COUNT(*) AS total_hires

FROM employees
GROUP BY month
ORDER BY total_hires DESC
LIMIT 1;

Problem 7

Display each department and the age of the youngest employee at hire date.

SELECT dept.dept_name,
MIN(TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR, e.birth_date, e.hire_date)) AS age_hire_date
FROM employees e
JOIN dept_emp d_emp ON e.emp_no = d_emp.emp_no
JOIN departments dept ON d_emp.dept_no = dept.dept_no
GROUP BY dept.dept_name

Problem 8

Find all the employees that do not contain vowels in their first name and display the department
they work in.

SELECT e.first_name, dep.dept_name

FROM employees e JOIN dept_emp de ON e.emp_no = de.emp_no
JOIN departments dep ON de.dept_no = dep.dept_no
WHERE e.first_name NOT LIKE '%a%'
AND e.first_name NOT LIKE '%e%'
AND e.first_name NOT LIKE '%i%'
AND e.first_name NOT LIKE '%o%'
AND e.first_name NOT LIKE '%u%'

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS employees;

CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS employees;
USE employees;
SELECT 'CREATING DATABASE STRUCTURE' as 'INFO';
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dept_emp,
dept_manager,
titles,
salaries,
employees,
departments;
/*!50503 set default_storage_engine = InnoDB */;
/*!50503 select CONCAT('storage engine: ', @@default_storage_engine) as INFO */;
CREATE TABLE employees (
emp_no INT NOT NULL,
birth_date DATE NOT NULL,
first_name VARCHAR(14) NOT NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
gender ENUM ('M','F') NOT NULL,
hire_date DATE NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (emp_no)
);
CREATE TABLE departments (
dept_no CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
dept_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (dept_no),
UNIQUE KEY (dept_name)
);
CREATE TABLE dept_manager (
emp_no INT NOT NULL,
dept_no CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
from_date DATE NOT NULL,
to_date DATE NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (emp_no) REFERENCES employees (emp_no) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY (dept_no) REFERENCES departments (dept_no) ON DELETE CASCADE,
PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,dept_no)
);
CREATE TABLE dept_emp (
emp_no INT NOT NULL,
dept_no CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
from_date DATE NOT NULL,
to_date DATE NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (emp_no) REFERENCES employees (emp_no) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY (dept_no) REFERENCES departments (dept_no) ON DELETE CASCADE,
PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,dept_no)
);
CREATE TABLE titles (
emp_no INT NOT NULL,
title VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
from_date DATE NOT NULL,
to_date DATE,
FOREIGN KEY (emp_no) REFERENCES employees (emp_no) ON DELETE CASCADE,
PRIMARY KEY (emp_no,title, from_date)
)
;
CREATE TABLE salaries (
emp_no INT NOT NULL,
salary INT NOT NULL,
from_date DATE NOT NULL,
to_date DATE NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (emp_no) REFERENCES employees (emp_no) ON DELETE CASCADE,
PRIMARY KEY (emp_no, from_date)
)
;

Create a Table with a primary key column

CREATE TABLE departments
( department_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY
, department_name VARCHAR(30)
, location_id INTEGER
) ;

Create a Table with a Foreign Key

CREATE TABLE employees
( employee_id INTEGER
, first_name VARCHAR(20)
, last_name VARCHAR(25)
, email VARCHAR(25)
, phone_number VARCHAR(20)
, hire_date DATE
, job_id VARCHAR(10)
, salary INTEGER
, commission_pct INTEGER
, manager_id INTEGER
, department_id INTEGER
, constraint pk_emp primary key (employee_id)
, constraint fk_deptno foreign key (department_id) references
departments(department_id)
) ;

Insert Records into Tables

## Insert insto Departments table
INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 20,'Marketing', 180);
INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 30,'Purchasing', 1700);
INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 40, 'Human Resources', 2400);
INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 50, 'Shipping', 1500);
INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 60 , 'IT', 1400);
INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 70, 'Public Relations', 2700);
INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 80 , 'Sales', 2500 );
 INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 90 , 'Executive', 1700);
INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 100 , 'Finance', 1700);
INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 110 , 'Accounting', 1700);
INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 120 , 'Treasury' , 1700);
INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 130 , 'Corporate Tax' , 1700 );
INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 140, 'Control And Credit' , 1700);
INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 150 , 'Shareholder Services', 1700);
INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 160 , 'Benefits', 1700);
INSERT INTO departments VALUES ( 170 , 'Payroll' , 1700);

## Insert into Employees table

INSERT INTO employees VALUES (100, 'Steven', 'King', 'SKING', '515.123.4567',
'1987-06-17' , 'AD_PRES', 24000 , NULL, NULL, 20);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (101, 'Neena' , 'Kochhar' , 'NKOCHHAR' ,
'515.123.4568' , '1989-11-21' , 'AD_VP' , 17000 , NULL , 100 , 20);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (102 , 'Lex' , 'De Haan' , 'LDEHAAN' ,
'515.123.4569' , '1993-09-12' , 'AD_VP' , 17000 , NULL , 100 , 30);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (103 , 'Alexander' , 'Hunold' , 'AHUNOLD' ,
'590.423.4567' , '1990-09-30', 'IT_PROG' , 9000 , NULL , 102 , 60);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (104 , 'Bruce' , 'Ernst' , 'BERNST' ,
'590.423.4568' , '1991-05-21', 'IT_PROG' , 6000 , NULL , 103 , 60);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (105 , 'David' , 'Austin' , 'DAUSTIN' ,
'590.423.4569' , '1997-06-25', 'IT_PROG' , 4800 , NULL , 103 , 60);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (106 , 'Valli' , 'Pataballa' , 'VPATABAL' ,
'590.423.4560' , '1998-02-05', 'IT_PROG' , 4800 , NULL , 103 , 40);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (107 , 'Diana' , 'Lorentz' , 'DLORENTZ' ,
'590.423.5567' , '1999-02-09', 'IT_PROG' , 4200 , NULL , 103 , 40);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (108 , 'Nancy' , 'Greenberg' , 'NGREENBE' ,
'515.124.4569' , '1994-08-17', 'FI_MGR' , 12000 , NULL , 101 , 100);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (109 , 'Daniel' , 'Faviet' , 'DFAVIET' ,
'515.124.4169' , '1994-08-12', 'FI_ACCOUNT' , 9000 , NULL , 108 , 170);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (110 , 'John' , 'Chen' , 'JCHEN' , '515.124.4269'
, '1997-04-09', 'FI_ACCOUNT' , 8200 , NULL , 108 , 170);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (111 , 'Ismael' , 'Sciarra' , 'ISCIARRA' ,
'515.124.4369' , '1997-02-01', 'FI_ACCOUNT' , 7700 , NULL , 108 , 160);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (112 , 'Jose Manuel' , 'Urman' , 'JMURMAN' ,
'515.124.4469' , '1998-06-03', 'FI_ACCOUNT' , 7800 , NULL , 108 , 150);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (113 , 'Luis' , 'Popp' , 'LPOPP' , '515.124.4567'
, '1999-12-07', 'FI_ACCOUNT' , 6900 , NULL , 108 , 140);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (114 , 'Den' , 'Raphaely' , 'DRAPHEAL' ,
'515.127.4561' , '1994-11-08', 'PU_MAN' , 11000 , NULL , 100 , 30);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (115 , 'Alexander' , 'Khoo' , 'AKHOO' ,
'515.127.4562' , '1995-05-12', 'PU_CLERK' , 3100 , NULL , 114 , 80);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (116 , 'Shelli' , 'Baida' , 'SBAIDA' ,
'515.127.4563' ,'1997-12-13', 'PU_CLERK' , 2900 , NULL , 114 , 70);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (117 , 'Sigal' , 'Tobias' , 'STOBIAS' ,
'515.127.4564' , '1997-09-10', 'PU_CLERK' , 2800 , NULL , 114 , 30);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (118 , 'Guy' , 'Himuro' , 'GHIMURO' ,
'515.127.4565' , '1998-01-02', 'PU_CLERK' , 2600 , NULL , 114 , 60);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (119 , 'Karen' , 'Colmenares' , 'KCOLMENA' ,
'515.127.4566' , '1999-04-08', 'PU_CLERK' , 2500 , NULL , 114 , 130);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (120 , 'Matthew' , 'Weiss' , 'MWEISS' ,
'650.123.1234' ,'1996-07-18', 'ST_MAN' , 8000 , NULL , 100 , 50);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (121 , 'Adam' , 'Fripp' , 'AFRIPP' ,
'650.123.2234' , '1997-08-09', 'ST_MAN' , 8200 , NULL , 100 , 50);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (122 , 'Payam' , 'Kaufling' , 'PKAUFLIN' ,
'650.123.3234' ,'1995-05-01', 'ST_MAN' , 7900 , NULL , 100 , 40);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (123 , 'Shanta' , 'Vollman' , 'SVOLLMAN' ,
'650.123.4234' , '1997-10-12', 'ST_MAN' , 6500 , NULL , 100 , 50);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (124, 'Kevin' , 'Mourgos' , 'KMOURGOS' ,
'650.123.5234' , '1999-11-12', 'ST_MAN' , 5800 , NULL , 100 , 80);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (125, 'Julia' , 'Nayer' , 'JNAYER' ,
'650.124.1214' , '1997-07-02', 'ST_CLERK' , 3200 , NULL , 120 , 50);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (126, 'Irene' , 'Mikkilineni' , 'IMIKKILI' ,
'650.124.1224' , '1998-11-12', 'ST_CLERK' , 2700 , NULL , 120 , 50);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (127, 'James' , 'Landry' , 'JLANDRY' ,
'650.124.1334' , '1999-01-02' , 'ST_CLERK' , 2400 , NULL , 120 , 90);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (128, 'Steven' , 'Markle' , 'SMARKLE' ,
'650.124.1434' , '2000-03-04' , 'ST_CLERK' , 2200 , NULL , 120 , 50);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (129, 'Laura' , 'Bissot' , 'LBISSOT' ,
'650.124.5234' ,'1997-09-10' , 'ST_CLERK' , 3300 , NULL , 121 , 50);
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (130, 'Mozhe' , 'Atkinson' , 'MATKINSO' ,
'650.124.6234' , '1997-10-12' , 'ST_CLERK' , 2800 , NULL , 121 , 110);

So, now we have 2 tables and some data ready to run our sql. It’s time for some exercises.

Solve SQL Exercises

1. Select employees first name, last name, job_id and salary whose first name starts with
alphabet S

select first_name,
last_name,
job_id,
salary
from employees
where upper(first_name) like 'S%';

2. Write a query to select employee with the highest salary

select employee_id,
first_name,
last_name,
job_id,
salary
from employees
where salary = (select max(salary) from employees);

3. Select employee with the second highest salary

select employee_id,
first_name,
last_name,
job_id,
salary
from employees
where salary != (select max(salary) from employees)
order by salary desc
 limit 1;

The above query selects only one person with the second-highest salary. But what if there are
more than 1 person with the same salary? Or, what if we want to select the 3rd or 4th highest
salary? So, let’s try a generic approach.

4. Fetch employees with 2nd or 3rd highest salary

#change the input for 2nd, 3rd or 4th highest salary

set @input:=3;
select employee_id,
first_name,
last_name,
job_id,
salary
from employees e
where @input =(select COUNT(DISTINCT Salary)
from employees p
where e.Salary<=p.Salary);

5. Write a query to select employees and their corresponding managers and their salaries

Now, this is a classic example of SELF JOIN in SQL exercises. Also, I am using the CONCAT
function to concatenate the first name and last name of each employee and manager.

select concat(emp.first_name,' ',emp.last_name) employee,

emp.salary emp_sal,
concat(mgr.first_name,' ',mgr.last_name) manager,
mgr.salary mgr_sal
from employees emp
join employees mgr on emp.manager_id = mgr.employee_id;

6. Write a query to show count of employees under each manager in descending order

select
sup.employee_id employee_id,
concat(sup.first_name,' ', sup.last_name)manager_name,
COUNT (sub.employee_id) AS number_of_reportees
from employees sub
join employees sup
on sub.manager_id = sup.employee_id
group by sup.employee_id, sup.first_name, sup.last_name
order by 3 desc;

7. Find the count of employees in each department

select dept.department_name,
count(emp.employee_id) emp_count
from employees emp
join departments dept on emp.department_id = dept.department_id
group by dept.department_name
order by 2 desc;
8. Get the count of employees hired year wise

select year(hire_date) hired_year, count(*) employees_hired_count

from employees
group by year(hire_date)
order by 2 desc;

9. Find the salary range of employees

select min(salary) min_sal,

max(salary) max_sal,
round(avg(salary)) avg_sal
from employees;

10. Write a query to divide people into three groups based on their salaries

select concat(first_name,' ',last_name) employee,

salary,
case
when salary >=2000 and salary < 5000 then "low"
when salary >=5000 and salary < 10000 then "mid"
else
"high"
end as salary_level
from employees
order by 1;

11. Select the employees whose first_name contains “an”

select (first_name)
from employees
where lower(first_name) like '%an%';

12. Select employee first name and the corresponding phone number in the format (_ _ _)-
(_ _ _)-(_ _ _ _)

select concat(first_name, ' ', last_name) employee,

replace(phone_number,'.','-') phone_number
from employees;

13. Find the employees who joined in August, 1994.

select concat(first_name, ' ', last_name) employee,

hire_date
from employees
where year(hire_date) = '1994'
and month(hire_date) = '08';

14. Write an SQL query to display employees who earn more than the average salary in
that company

select
 concat(emp.first_name,last_name) name,
emp.employee_id,
dept.department_name department,
dept.department_id,
emp.salary
from departments dept
JOIN employees emp on dept.department_id = emp.department_id
where emp.salary > (select avg(salary) from employees)
order by dept.department_id;

15. Find the maximum salary from each department.

select
dept.department_id,
dept.department_name department,
max(emp.salary)maximum_salary
from departments dept
JOIN employees emp on dept.department_id = emp.department_id
group by dept.department_name,
dept.department_id
order by dept.department_id ;

16. Write a SQL query to display the 5 least earning employees

select
first_name, last_name,
employee_id,
salary
from employees
order by salary
limit 5;

17. Find the employees hired in the 80s

select employee_id,
concat(first_name,' ' , last_name) employee,
hire_date
from employees
where year(hire_date) between 1980 and 1989;

18. Display the employees first name and the name in reverse order

select lower(first_name) name,

lower(reverse(first_name)) name_in_reverse
from employees;

19. Find the employees who joined the company after 15th of the month

select employee_id,
concat(first_name, ' ' , last_name) employee,
hire_date
from employees
where day(hire_date)> 15;
20. Display the managers and the reporting employees who work in different departments

select
concat(mgr.first_name,' ',mgr.last_name) manager,
concat(emp.first_name,' ',emp.last_name) employee,
mgr.department_id mgr_dept,
emp.department_id emp_dept
from employees emp
join employees mgr on emp.manager_id = mgr.employee_id
where emp.department_id != mgr.department_id
order by 1;