American National Standard SJI 100 - 2020

STANDARD SPECIFICATION
FOR K-SERIES, LH-SERIES, AND DLH-SERIES OPEN
WEB STEEL JOISTS AND FOR JOIST GIRDERS.

K-Series Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute November 4, 1985

LH/DLH-Series Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute May 10, 2006
Joist Girders Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute November 4, 1985
Revised to April 27, 2020, Effective July 1, 2020

SECTION 1.
SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
1.1 SCOPE

The Standard Specification for K-Series, LH-Series, DLH-Series Open Web Steel Joists and for Joist Girders, hereafter
referred to as the Specification, covers the design, manufacture, application, and erection stability and handling of Joist
Girders and Open Web Steel Joists K-Series, LH-Series, and DLH-Series in buildings or other structures, where other
structures are defined as those structures designed, manufactured, and erected in a manner similar to buildings. Joist
Girders and K-Series, LH-Series, and DLH-Series joists shall be designed using Allowable Stress Design (ASD) or Load
and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) in accordance with this Specification. Included as part of this Specification are KCS
joists, K-Series; Joist Substitutes, K-Series; and Top Chord Extensions and Extended Ends, K-Series.

1.2 OTHER REGULATIONS

Joist Girders and K-Series, LH-Series, and DLH-Series joists shall be erected in accordance with the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA), 29 CFR Part 1926, Safety Standards for Steel Erection, Subpart R – Steel Erection.
The erection of Joist Girders and K-Series, LH-Series, and DLH-Series joists 144 ft. (43.9 m) or less in length shall be in
accordance with the requirements of Section 1926.757, Open Web Steel Joists. Joist Girders and DLH–Series joists greater
than 144 ft. (43.9 m) in length shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section 1926.756 Beams and Columns.

1.3 APPLICATION

This Specification includes Section 1 through Section 6. The user notes shall not be part of the Specification.

User Note: User notes are intended to provide practical guidance in the use and application of this Specification.

1.4 DEFINITIONS

The following terms shall, for the purposes of this Specification, have the meanings shown in this Section. Where terms
are not defined in this Section, those terms shall have their ordinary accepted meanings in the context in which it applies.

Joist Girders, K-Series, LH-Series, and DLH-Series shall be open web, in-plane load-carrying steel members utilizing hot-
rolled or cold-formed steel, including cold-formed steel whose yield strength has been attained by cold working.

Joist Girders shall be open web steel trusses used as primary framing members designed as simple spans supporting in-
plane concentrated loads for a floor or roof system. These concentrated loads shall be considered to act at the top chord
panel points of the Joist Girders unless otherwise specified.

21
 American National Standard SJI 100 - 2020
The Joist Girder standard designation in ASD shall be established by its nominal depth in inches (mm), the letter “G”,
followed by the number of joist spaces, the letter “N”, the load in kips (kN) at each panel point, and the letter “K”. The Joist
Girder standard designation in LRFD shall be established by its nominal depth in inches (mm), the letter “G”, followed by
the number of joist spaces, the letter “N”, the factored load in kips (kN) at each panel point, and the letter “F”. Joist Girders
shall be designed in accordance with this Specification to support the loads defined by the specifying professional.
Joist Girders shall be designed and manufactured as either simple framing members with underslung ends and bottom
chord extensions or as part of an ordinary steel moment frame (OMF). Where used as part of an OMF the specifying
professional shall be responsible for carrying out all the required frame analyses (i.e. first-order and second-order), provide
all the required load information and stiffness data to the joist manufacturer, and indicate the type of Joist Girder to column
connections that are being designed on the structural drawings.

User Note: Joist Girders have been standardized in depths from 20 inches (508 mm) through 120 inches (3048 mm), for
spans from 20 feet (6096 mm) through 120 feet (36576 mm).

Where this Specification refers to “steel joists”, this shall mean the K-Series, LH-Series, and DLH-Series joists.

User Note: Joists are suitable for the direct support of floors and roof slabs or decks. The K-Series joists are standardized
in depths from 10 inches (254 mm) through 30 inches (762 mm), for spans up through 60 feet (18288 mm). The LH-Series
joists are standardized in depths from 18 inches (457 mm) through 48 inches (1219 mm), for spans up through 96 feet
(29261 mm). The DLH-Series joists are standardized in depths from 52 inches (1321 mm) through 120 inches (3048 mm),
for spans up through 240 feet (73152 mm).

The K-Series, LH-Series and DLH-Series standard joist designations shall be established by their nominal depth, followed
by the letters K, LH or DLH as appropriate, and then by the Section Number designation assigned. The Section Number
designations shall range from 01 to 25. The K-Series, LH-Series and DLH-Series standard joist designations listed in the
following Standard Load Tables shall support the uniformly distributed loads as provided in the applicable tables:
Standard LRFD Load Table Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series – U.S. Customary Units
Standard ASD Load Table Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series – U.S. Customary Units
Standard LRFD Load Table Longspan Steel Joists, LH-Series – U.S. Customary Units
Standard ASD Load Table Longspan Steel Joists, LH-Series – U.S. Customary Units
Standard LRFD Load Table Deep Longspan Steel Joists, DLH-Series – U.S. Customary Units
Standard ASD Load Table Deep Longspan Steel Joists, DLH-Series – U.S. Customary Units
Standard LRFD Load Table Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series – S.I. Units
Standard ASD Load Table Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series – S.I. Units
Standard LRFD Load Table Longspan Steel Joists, LH-Series – S.I. Units
Standard ASD Load Table Longspan Steel Joists, LH-Series – S.I. Units
Standard LRFD Load Table Deep Longspan Steel Joists, DLH-Series – S.I. Units
Standard ASD Load Table Deep Longspan Steel Joists, DLH-Series – S.I. Units

Wherever a standard SJI Section Number is specified in the joist designation (e.g. 18K4, 32LH10) and other design load
cases are also specified for the joist, the steel joist shall be designed for the corresponding total load as shown in the
Standard Load Tables as a minimum.

User Note: Six standard types of K-Series, LH-Series and DLH-Series joists are designed and manufactured. These types
are underslung (top chord bearing) or square-ended (bottom chord bearing), with parallel chords or with single or double
pitched top chords. The Standard Load Tables apply for a pitched top chord up to 1/2 inch per foot (1:24).

The steel joist or Joist Girder designation depth shall be the depth at mid-span.

An alternate method of specifying a standard K-Series, LH-Series, or DLH-Series joist shall be permitted by providing the
designation in a “load/load” sequence. The format used shall be ddKtl/ll, ddLHtl/ll, or ddDLHtl/ll where:
dd is the nominal depth of the joist in inches (mm)
tl is the total uniformly distributed load applied to the joist top chord, plf (kN/m)
ll is the uniform live load for which the deflection shall be checked and limited as required by this Specification, plf (kN/m)

22
User Note: The load/load K-Series, LH-Series, or DLH-Series joists can be specified in depths from 10 inches (254 mm)
through 120 inches (3048 mm) and spans up through 240 feet (73152 mm). The maximum uniformly distributed load-
carrying capacity of 2400 plf (35.03 kN/m) in ASD and 3600 plf (52.54 kN/m) in LRFD has been established for this alternate
K-Series, LH-Series, or DLH-Series format. The maximum capacity for any given load/load joist designation is a function of
span, depth and chord member size. When requirements exceed the standard K-Series load table limitations for loading,
span, and depth, an LH-Series designation is recommended to facilitate the proper determination of minimum seat depth,
end anchorage, bridging size, deck attachment, etc. Thus, any joist exceeding a 30 inch depth, a span of 60 feet, an in-kip
moment of Depth x 61 kips in ASD or Depth x 91.5 kips in LRFD, or an end reaction of 9.2 kips in ASD or 13.8 kips in LRFD
should be designated as an LH-Series which allows for a cross-reference with a standard LH designation as listed in this
Specification for seat, end anchorage, bridging, attachment tables, etc.

A KCS Joist is a particular type of K-Series joist, and shall be designed in accordance with this Specification based on an
envelope of moment and shear capacity, rather than uniform load capacity, to support uniform plus concentrated loads or
other non-uniform loads. The KCS Joists shall be selected from standardized depths from 10 inches (254 mm) through 30
inches (762 mm), for spans up through 60 feet (18288 mm). The maximum total safe uniformly distributed load-carrying
capacity of a KCS Joist, K-Series, shall be 550 plf (8.02 kN/m) in ASD or 825 plf (12.03 kN/m) in LRFD. A KCS Joist shall
be parallel chord only and shall be permitted to be underslung or bottom chord bearing.

The KCS Joists, K-Series, standard designations shall be established by their nominal depth, followed by the letters “KCS”,
and then by the Section Number designation assigned. The Section Number designations shall range from 1 to 5. A KCS Joist
shall not be designated using the alternate “load/load” method. The KCS Joists, K-Series, standard designations listed in the
following Standard Load Tables shall provide the moment capacity and shear capacity as listed in the applicable tables:
Standard LRFD Load Table for KCS Open Web Steel Joists – U.S. Customary Units
Standard ASD Load Table for KCS Open Web Steel Joists – U.S. Customary Units
Standard LRFD Load Table for KCS Open Web Steel Joists – S.I. Units
Standard ASD Load Table for KCS Open Web Steel Joists – S.I. Units

Where an open web configuration becomes impractical, a Joist Substitute, K-Series, shall be designed in accordance with
this Specification to support uniform loads when the span is less than 10 feet (3048 mm). The maximum total safe uniformly
distributed load-carrying capacity of a Joist Substitute shall be 550 plf (8.02 kN/m) in ASD or 825 plf (12.03 kN/m) in LRFD.

The Joist Substitutes, K-Series, standard designations shall be established by their nominal depth, e.g. 2.5, followed by the
letter “K” and then by the chord size designation assigned. The chord size designations shall range from 1 to 3. The Joist
Substitutes, K-Series, standard designations listed in the following Load Tables shall support the uniformly distributed loads
as provided in the applicable tables:
User Note: The Joist Substitutes, K-Series, are standardized as 2.5 inch (64 mm) deep sections for spans up through
10’-0” (3048 mm).
LRFD Simple Span Load Table for 2.5 Inch K–Series Joist Substitutes – U.S. Customary Units
ASD Simple Span Load Table for 2.5 Inch K–Series Joist Substitutes – U.S. Customary Units
LRFD Simple Span Load Table for 64 mm K–Series Joist Substitutes – S.I. Units
ASD Simple Span Load Table for 64 mm K–Series Joist Substitutes – S.I. Units

LRFD Outriggers Load Table for 2.5 Inch K–Series Joist Substitutes – U.S. Customary Units
ASD Outriggers Load Table for 2.5 Inch K–Series Joist Substitutes – U.S. Customary Units
LRFD Outriggers Load Table for 64 mm K–Series Joist Substitutes – S.I. Units
ASD Outriggers Load Table for 64 mm K–Series Joist Substitutes – S.I. Units

A Top Chord Extension or Extended End, K-series, shall be a joist accessory that shall be designed in accordance with this
Specification to support uniform loads when one or both ends of an underslung joist needs to be cantilevered beyond its
bearing seat.

User Note: The Top Chord Extensions and Extended Ends are standardized as an “S” Type (top chord angles extended
only) and an “R” Type (top chord and bearing seat angles extended), respectively.

23
1.5 STRUCTURAL DESIGN DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS

Joists and Joist Girders

REFERENCED
SPECIFICATIONS, CODES
AND STANDARDS

2.1 REFERENCES

General R or Rolled Structural Steel lates

24
 Standard or Steel
on H -St Structural Steel
Standard S and 60 000 SI Tensile
Standard or Structural S Heat T 120/105 ksi [830
e
Standard Test and or T Steel
old-F an on Steel Structural
and S
Standard Hot-F elded an Structural
Standard or H -S o Structural
on H -S -V Steel
H -S Structural up to 50 ksi [345
Yield it orrosion Resistance
on S S -St Hot-Rolled and
-R orrosion Resistance
Standard Structural Steel S

on S old-R H -S
and H -S d S and
on S Hot-R S H -
l H -S it and Ultra-H

old-F -Fusion ( elded -S

Structural T in it 50 ksi (345 Yield

Standard old-F on Steel H Structural Sections (

-
-
-
- Steel

25
User Note

Steel Joists and Joist Girders

MATERIALS
3.1 STEEL

26
E

3.2 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

3.2.1 Minimum Yield Strength:

User note:

3.2.2 Other Materials:

3.2.3 As-Formed Strength:

27
3.3 WELDING ELECTRODES

3.3.1 Welding Electrodes:

3.3.2 Other Welding Methods

3.4 PAINT

User Note:

DESIGN
103.1
METHOD
AND MANUFACTURE
4.1 METHOD

For

28
 4.1.1 Design Basis:

4.1.2 Loads, Forces and Load Combinations:

ed

4.2 DESIGN AND ALLOWABLE STRESSES

4.2.1 Design Using Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

=
F =
=
F =

4.2.2 Design Using Allowable Strength Design (ASD)

=
F =
=
F =

4.2.3 Stresses:

4.2.3.1 Tension:

D = (
(

29
4.2.3.2 Compression: =

(
(

Fe
(

F Fe (

E (
Fe =
r

or

For

4.2.3.3 Bending: =

30
 F =F
F = (
F = (

F
F = (
F = (

F
F = (
F = (

4.2.3.4 Weld Strength:

LRFD
= F (

ASD
=F (

F
F
F

T
(

User Note:

31
 =

F (

F (

4.3 MAXIMUM SLENDERNESS RATIOS

4.3.1 Effective Slenderness Ratios:

F

4.3.2 Compressive Members:

r = or
r = or
r =

4.3.3 Tension Members:

User Note:

4.3.4 Top Chords:

32
4.3.5 Built-Up Web Members: r

k k
r r

k k ki s
(
r r r

ki =

33
 TABLE 4.3-1
MAXIMUM AND EFFECTIVE SLENDERNESS RATIOS1

T o
T o

For

*
(1)
The effective length k shall equal 1.0 for all components of Joist Girders.

34
4.4 MEMBERS

4.4.1 Chords

For
T

For

d (

d (

or
(

(
= (

F
F

35
For LRFD

=
= (mm
=M

M
(mm
F =
m = e

m = e

=
=
c
b
=
F

e = E

k r

36
For ASD

or
F

= (mm
=
=

= (mm
M
F =
F =
m = e

m = e
=
e = E

k r

37
 F (

F (

F = F
=
=

(
or

4.4.2 Web

4.4.2.1 Redundant Web Members:

½
Joist Girder

4.4.2.2 Joist Girders: For

4.4.2.3 KCS Joist Web Forces:

4.4.2.4 Single Component Web Member:

38
4.4.2.4.1 Uncrimped Single Angle Web Members

For LRFD

For ASD

For LRFD

=M

chord gap
M 0.5 P

(mm
F =F

F k
k r

F k
k
m

E
Fe =

39
 For ASD

= (mm

chord gap
M 0.5 P
F =F

F k
k r

F
k
F

4.4.3 Fillers and Ties

4.4.4 Joist and Joist Girder Extensions

D
d
e

40
 or

or
or
or

4.5 CONNECTIONS

4.5.1 Methods

or

User Note:

User Note:

User Note:

User Note:
ee

41
 5)

User Note:

User Note:

User Note: d

User Note:

4.5.2 Strength

4.5.2.1 Joint Connections:

42
 4.5.2.2 Shop Splices:

User Note:

4.5.3 Field Splices

4.5.4 Eccentricity

or

FIGURE 4.5-1 FIGURE 4.5-2

43
4.6 CAMBER

or
TABLE 4.6-1
TOP CHORD LENGTH APPROXIMATE CAMBER

User Note:

4.7 VERIFICATION OF DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE

User Note:

4.7.1 Design Calculations

or

4.7.2 Tests of Chord and Web Members

4.7.3 Tests of Joints and Connections

44
 4.7.4 In-Plant Inspections

APPLICATION
5.1 USAGE

5.1.1 Scope: or
or
or

5.1.2 Continuous Frame Action:

or

User Note:

5.2 SPAN

or

45
 Figure 5.2-1
DEFINITION OF SPAN
(U. S. Customary Units)

46
 American National Standard SJI 100 - 2020
5.3 DEPTH

Steel joists or Joist Girders shall have either parallel chords or a top chord pitch of up to 1/2 inch per foot (1:24). The steel
joist or Joist Girder designation depth or nominal depth shall be the depth at mid-span, except for double pitched joists
which shall be the depth at the ridge.

5.4 END SUPPORTS

Consideration of the reactions, vertical and lateral, shall be taken by the specifying professional in the design of the steel
support, or the steel bearing plate on masonry or concrete. The standard location of the end reaction shall be 2” (51 mm)
from the end of the span (exclusive of extensions) at each end of the steel joist or Joist Girder as shown in Figure 5.2-1
“Definition of Span”. The standard end reaction location shall require the minimum bearing lengths shown in Table 5.4-1.

TABLE 5.4-1
JOIST SECTION STANDARD CLEAR BEARING MINIMUM BEARING LENGTH
NUMBER1 LENGTH ON STEEL
K1-12 4” (102 mm) 2 ½” (64 mm)
LH02-06 6” (152 mm) 2 ½” (64 mm)
LH07-17, DLH10-17, JG 6” (152 mm) 4” (102 mm)
LH/DLH18-25, JG2 6” (152 mm) 6” (152 mm)
(1) Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table.
(2) Joist Girders with a self weight greater than 50 plf (0.73 kN/m).

If the specifying professional requires the end reaction to be located at a distance from the face of support more than the
standard clear bearing length values shown in Table 5.4-1 minus 2” (51 mm), the structural drawings shall indicate the
required special location of the end reaction. The seat depth shall also be increased to the special minimum bearing seat
depth per Table 5.4-3.

5.4.1 Masonry and Concrete

5.4.1.1 Scope: A K-Series, LH-Series, DLH-Series Joist or Joist Girder end supported by masonry or concrete shall
bear on steel bearing plates and shall be designed as steel bearing.

5.4.1.2 Bearing Length: The ends of K-Series Joists shall extend a distance of not less than 4 inches (102 mm)
over the face of masonry or concrete support unless it is deemed necessary to bear less than 4 inches (102 mm)
over the support. The ends of LH-Series, DLH-Series Joists and Joist Girders shall extend a distance of not less
than 6 inches (152 mm) over the face of masonry or concrete support unless it is deemed necessary to bear less
than 6 inches (152 mm) over the support.

5.4.1.3 Anchorage: K-Series, LH-Series, DLH-Series Joists and Joist Girders shall be anchored to the steel
bearing plate per Section 5.7.

The steel bearing plate shall be located not more than 1/2 inch (13 mm) from the face of the wall. If the steel
bearing plate is located more than 1/2 inch (13 mm) from the face of the wall, or the minimum bearing over the
masonry or concrete support cannot be provided as shown in Table 5.4-1, special consideration shall be given
to the design of the steel bearing plate and the masonry or concrete by the specifying professional.

The steel bearing plate width shall not be less than that shown in Table 5.4-2 perpendicular to the length of
the joist. The plate is to be designed by the specifying professional and shall be furnished by other than the
joist manufacturer.

47
 American National Standard SJI 100 - 2020

TABLE 5.4-2

JOIST SECTION
MINIMUM BEARING PLATE WIDTH
NUMBER1
K1-12, LH02-06 7” (178 mm)
LH07-17, DLH10-17, JG 9” (229 mm)
LH/DLH18-25, JG2 14” (356 mm)
(1) Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table.
(2) Joist Girders with a self weight greater than 50 plf (0.73 kN/m).

5.4.2 Steel

The ends of K-Series, LH-Series, DLH-Series Joists and Joist Girders shall be anchored to the support per Section 5.7.

5.4.3 Bearing Depth

The standard non-sloping bearing seat depths shall be as shown in Table 5.4-3. If the steel joist slopes 3/8 inch per foot
or greater, the high end bearing seat shall require additional depth due to the slope.

User Note: The Steel Joist Institute Code of Standard Practice provides guidance for determining additional seat depth
requirements for sloped joists.

TABLE 5.4-3
JOIST SECTION STANDARD STANDARD
NUMBER1 BEARING CLEAR BEARING SPECIAL MINIMUM BEARING SEAT DEPTH2
SEAT DEPTH LENGTH
K1-12 2 ½” (64 mm) 4” (102 mm) 0.6 x (RP + 2 ½” (64 mm))
LH02-17, DLH10-17 5” (127 mm) 6” (152 mm) 0.6 x (RP + 4” (102 mm))
LH/DLH18-25 7 ½” (191 mm) 6” (152 mm) 0.6 x (RP + 4“ (102 mm)) + 2 ½” (64 mm)
JG 7 ½” (191 mm) 6” (152 mm) RP + 4” (102 mm)
(1) Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table.
(2) RP is equal to the distance the reaction is to occur from the face of the wall or leading edge of support
iiiiimember. The equation is not applicable for the high end of a sloped joist or Joist Girder.

When the specifying professional requires the steel joist or Joist Girder reaction to occur at or near the centerline of
the wall or other support, a special bearing seat depth shall be required and a note shall be placed on the structural
drawings identifying where the reaction is to occur. The specified bearing seat depth shall be increased according to
Table 5.4-3 to allow for this special requirement.

5.5 BRIDGING or BRACING

Joist Girders shall be proportioned such that they can be erected without bridging. Therefore, the following requirements
shall be met:
a) The ends of the bottom chord shall be restrained from lateral movement to brace the girder from overturning. For
Joist Girders at columns in steel frames, restraint shall be provided by a stabilizer plate on the column.

b) No other loads shall be placed on the Joist Girder until the steel joists bearing on the Joist Girder are in place and
positively attached to the Joist Girder.

48
User Note:

5.5.1 Horizontal Bridging

5.5.2 Diagonal Bridging

5.5.2.1 Diagonal Erection Bridging

User Note:
E

( For

Red

b b2 4 a c wu
W ; (
2 a wactual
2 2
3
a
24
2 2 4 E I 2
3 4 y 3 yo
b P
x
12 16 2 k L3 24 2

2 4 E I 4 E C
2 4 y 2 4 2 G J
c P2 P ae w
x
16 2 k L3 16 2 k L 3 2 k L

49
P = (
(
E =
Iy = (mm Iy I yt I yb
I yt = (mm
I yb = (mm
L =
k =
1 3
x x Ab de y At y 3 2 yo
Ix
Ab = (mm
At = (mm
de = de d yt yb
yt =
yb =
Ab d e
y = y
At Ab
2
Ix = (mm Ix At y 2 Ab d e y
I yb d e
yo = yo y
Iy
ae =
ae yo 2
de I yb I yt
Cw = Cw
Iy
G = G 0.385 E
1
J = (mm J At tt 2 Ab tb 2
3
tt =

tb =
W 12 W
wu wu wu
L L
wactual

50
 For
Blue Gray

User Note:

5.5.3 Quantity and Spacing of Bridging

5.5.3.1 Scope:

d
d r (

d (
d r

e
d

5.5.3.2 Number of Rows:

5.5.3.3 DLH Joist Section 21 and Greater: For

51
 TABLE 5.5-1
U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS
NUMBER OF ROWS OF TOP CHORD BRIDGING 2

Section Joist 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Number1 Depth Row Rows Rows Rows Rows Rows Rows Rows Rows
K1 All 17 >17 to 26 >26 to 28
K2 All 21 >21 to 30 >30 to 32
K3 All 18 >18 to 26 >26 to 40
K4 All 20 >20 to 30 >30 to 41 >41 to 48
12K to 24K 20 >20 to 30 >30 to 42 >42 to 48
K5
26K 28 >28 to 41 > 41 to 52
14K to 24K 20 >20 to 31 >31 to 42 >42 to 48
K6
26K & 28K 28 >28 to 41 >41 to 54 >54 to 56
16K to 24K 23 >23 to 34 >34 to 48
K7
26K to 30K 29 >29 to 44 >44 to 60
24K 25 >25 to 39 >39 to 48
K8
26K to 30K 29 >29 to 44 >44 to 60
16K to 24K 22 >22 to 34 >34 to 48
K9
26K to 30K 29 >29 to 44 >44 to 60
18K to 24K 22 >22 to 38 >38 to 48
K10
26K to 30K 29 >29 to 48 >48 to 60
22K 24 >24 to 39 >39 to 44
K11
30K 34 >34 to 49 >49 to 60
24K 25 >25 to 43 >43 to 48
K12
26K to 30K 29 >29 to 47 >47 to 60
LH02-03 All 20 >20 to 30 >30 to 40 >40
LH04-05 All 22 >22 to 33 >33 to 44 >44 to 55 >55
LH06-08 All 26 >26 to 45 >45 to 60 >60 to 75 >75
LH09 All 26 >26 to 48 >48 to 64 >64 to 80 >80
LH/DLH10 All 28 >28 to 54 >54 to 72 >72 to 90 >90
LH/DLH11 All 30 >30 to 54 >54 to 72 >72 to 90 >90 to 108 >108
LH/DLH12 All 34 >34 to 55 >55 to 74 >74 to 92 >92 to 111 >111
LH/DLH13 All 36 >36 to 63 >63 to 84 >84 to 105 >105 to 126 >126
LH/DLH14 All 38 >38 to 64 >64 to 86 >86 to 107 >107 to 129 >129
LH/DLH15 All 42 >42 to 73 >73 to 98 >98 to 122 >122 to 147 >147
LH/DLH
All 44 >44 to 75 >75 to 100 >100 to 125 >125 to 150 >150 to 175 >175
16-17
LH/DLH
All 52 >52 to 78 >78 to 104 >104 to 130 >130 to 156 >156 to 182 >182 to 208 >208 to 234 >234
18-20
LH/DLH
All 60 >60 to 90 >90 to 120 >120 to 150 >150 to 180 >180 to 210 >210
21-25
(1) Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table.
(2) Distances are Joist Span lengths in feet – See “Definition of Span” Figure 5.2-1. Refer to the Joist Load Table and
Specification Section 6 for required bolted diagonal bridging and additional stability requirements. See Section 5.12
for additional bridging required for uplift design.

52
5.5.4 Sizing of Bridging
red

= F (

(mm
F

E (
F

E (
F

or
r

53
 American National Standard SJI 100 - 2020

TABLE 5.5-2
BRIDGING NOMINAL HORIZONTAL UNFACTORED COMPRESSSIVE FORCE
REQUIRED
HORIZONTAL DIAGONAL
BRIDGING
BRIDGING BRIDGING
JOIST SECTION CONNECTION
Pbr (n=8) Pbr (n=2)
NUMBER1 WELD2
Lbs. (N) In. Lbs. (N)
K1-8 340 (1512) 85 (378)
K9-10, LH02-03 450 (2002) 113 (503)
K11-12, LH04-05 560 (2491) 140 (623)
LH06-08 750 (3336) 188 (836)
LH09 850 (3781) 213 (945)
LH/DLH10 900 (4003) 1/8” x 1” 225 (1001)
(3mm x 25mm)
LH/DLH11 950 (4226) 238 (1056)
LH/DLH12 1100 (4893) 275 (1223)
LH/DLH13 1200 (5338) 300 (1334)
LH/DLH14 1300 (5783) 325 (1446)
LH/DLH15 1450 (6450) 363 (1612)
LH/DLH16-17 1850 (8229) 1/8” x 1 ½ ” 463 (2057)
LH/DLH18-20 2350 (10453) (3mm x 38mm) 585 (2602)
1/8” x 2”
LH/DLH21-22 3150 (14012) 790 (3514)
(3mm x 51mm)
LH/DLH23-24 4130 (18371) 1/8” x 3” 1035 (4604)
LH/DLH25 4770 (21218) (3mm x 76mm) 1195 (5316)
(1) Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table.
(2) Or other connection type designed for the required force.

5.5.5 Connections

Connections to the joist chords shall be made by welding or mechanical means and shall be capable of resisting the
unfactored or nominal horizontal force, Pbr, of Equation 5.5-4 but not less than 700 pounds (3114 N).

5.5.6 Bottom Chord Bearing Joists

Where bottom chord bearing joists are utilized, a row of diagonal bridging shall be provided near the support(s). This
bridging shall be installed and anchored before the hoisting cable(s) is released.

5.6 INSTALLATION OF BRIDGING

Bridging shall support the top and bottom chords against lateral movement during the construction period and shall hold the
steel joists in the approximate position as shown on the joist placement plans.

The ends of all bridging lines terminating at walls or beams shall be anchored thereto.

54
5.7 BEARING SEAT ATTACHMENTS

5.7.1 Masonry and Concrete

Ends of K-Series, LH-Series, and DLH-Series Joists and Joist Girders resting on steel bearing plates on masonry or
structural concrete shall be attached thereto, as shown in Table 5.7-1, with a minimum of two fillet welds, or with two
bolts, or the equivalent.

5.7.2 Steel

Ends of K-Series, LH-Series, and DLH-Series Joists and Joist Girders resting on steel supports shall be attached
thereto, as shown in Table 5.7-1, with a minimum of two fillet welds, or with two bolts, or the equivalent. Where K-
Series, LH-Series and DLH-Series Joists and Joist Girders are used to provide lateral stability to the supporting member,
the final connection shall be made by welding or as designated by the specifying professional.

TABLE 5.7-1
JOIST SECTION MINIMUM BEARING SEAT BOLTS
MINIMUM FILLET WELD
NUMBER 1 FOR ERECTION
K1-12 2– 1/8” x 2 1/2” (3 x 64 mm)
2– 1/2” (13 mm) A307
LH02-06 2– 3/16” x 2 1/2” (5 x 64 mm)
LH07-17, DLH10-17, JG 2– 1/4” x 2 1/2” (6 x 64 mm) 2– 3/4” (19 mm) A307
LH/ DLH18-25, JG2 2– 1/4” x 4” (6 x 102 mm) 2– 3/4” (19 mm) A325
(1) Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in load table.
(2) Joist Girders with a self weight greater than 50 plf (0.73 kN/m).

5.7.3 Uplift

Where uplift forces are a design consideration, roof joists shall be anchored to resist such forces and shall meet the
requirements of Section 5.12.

5.8 JOIST SPACING

Joists shall be spaced so that the loading on each joist does not exceed the design load (LRFD or ASD) for the particular
joist designation and span as shown in the applicable load tables.

5.9 FLOOR AND ROOF DECKS

5.9.1 Material

Floor and roof decks shall be permitted to consist of cast-in-place or pre-cast concrete or gypsum, cold-formed steel,
wood, or other suitable material capable of supporting the required load at the specified joist spacing.

5.9.2 Thickness

Cast-in-place slabs shall be not less than 2 inches (51 mm) thick.

55
5.9.3 Centering

Centering for cast-in-place slabs shall be permitted to be ribbed metal lath, corrugated steel sheets, paper-backed
welded wire fabric, removable centering or any other suitable material capable of supporting the slab at the designated
joist spacing.

Centering shall not cause lateral displacement or damage to the top chord of joists during installation or removal of the
centering or placing of the concrete.

5.9.4 Bearing

Slabs or decks shall bear uniformly along the top chords of the joists.

5.9.5 Attachments

The spacing of attachments along the joist top chord shall not exceed 36 inches (914 mm). Such attachments of the
slab or deck to the top chords of joists shall be capable of resisting the forces given in Table 5.9-1.

TABLE 5.9-1
JOIST SECTION
NOMINAL FORCE REQUIRED2
NUMBER1
K1-12 100 lbs/ft. (1.46 kN/m)
LH02-04 120 lbs/ft. (1.75 kN/m)
LH05-09 150 lbs/ft. (2.19 kN/m)
LH/DLH10-17 200 lbs/ft. (2.92 kN/m)
LH/DLH18-19 250 lbs/ft. (3.65 kN/m)
LH/DLH20-21 300 lbs/ft. (4.38 kN/m)
LH/DLH22-24 420 lbs/ft. (6.13 kN/m)
LH/DLH25 520 lbs/ft. (7.59 kN/m)
(1) Last
digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table.
(2) Nominal bracing force is unfactored.

5.9.6 Wood Nailers

Where wood nailers are used, such nailers in conjunction with deck or slab shall be firmly attached to the top chords of
the joists in conformance with Section 5.9.5.

5.9.7 Joist With Standing Seam Roofing or Laterally Unbraced Top Chords

Where the roof systems do not provide lateral stability for the steel joists in accordance with Section 5.9.5 sufficient
stability shall be provided to brace the steel joists laterally under the full design load. For this condition, the compression
chord design shall include the effects of both the in-plane and out-of-plane buckling of the steel joist (e.g., buckling
about the vertical axis of the steel joist cross section). In any case where the attachment requirement of Section 5.9.5
is not achieved, out-of-plane strength shall be achieved by adjusting the bridging spacing and/or increasing the
compression chord area and the y-axis radius of gyration. The effective slenderness ratio about the vertical axis equals
0.94 L/ry; where L is the bridging spacing in inches (millimeters) and ry is the radius of gyration of the top chord in inches
(millimeters). The maximum bridging spacing shall not exceed that specified in Section 5.5.3.

User Note: Some examples of roof systems which may not provide adequate top chord lateral stability may be standing
seam roofs, skylights, or other openings which do not provide top chord attachments per Section 5.9.5.

56
 = (

5.10 DEFLECTION

Floors
Roofs:

User Note:

5.11 PONDING

User Note:

5.12 UPLIFT

ed

bottom chord

For Joist Girders

User Note:

5.13 DIAPHRAGMS AND COLLECTORS

57
5.14 INSPECTION

User Note: or

or

5.15 PARALLEL CHORD SLOPED JOISTS AND JOIST GIRDERS

or

ERECTION STABILITY
AND HANDLING

User Note:

6.1 STABILITY REQUIREMENTS

User Note:

ee ed

e
ed e
re
o e
ed

58
 E

E
E

6.2 LANDING AND PLACING LOADS

User Note:

59
 User Note:

6.3 FIELD WELDING

or

6.4 HANDLING

6.5 FALL ARREST SYSYTEMS

User Note:

60