2 - Alternator Load

Military Institute of Science & Technology
Electrical Machine Lab

EECE-206
Experiment No: - 04
Experiment Name: Study the properties of Three-Phase Alternator in various loads.
OBJECTIVE
 To determine the voltage regulation characteristics of the alternator with resistive, capacitive
and inductive loading.
 To observe the effect of unbalanced loads on the output voltage.
DISCUSSION
The output voltage of an alternator depends essentially upon the total flux in the air- gap. At no-load,
this flux is established and determined exclusively by the DC field excitation.
Under load, however, the air-gap flux is determined by the ampere-turns of the rotor and the ampere-
turns of the stator. The latter may aid or oppose the MMF (magneto motive force) of the rotor
depending upon the power factor of the load. Leading power factors assist the rotor, and lagging power
factors oppose it.
Because the stator MMF has such an important effect upon the magnetic flux, the voltage regulation
of alternators is quite poor, and the DC field current must continuously be adjusted to keep the Voltage
constant under variable load conditions.
It one phase of a three-phase alternator is heavily loaded, its voltage will decrease due to the IR and
IXL drops in the stator winding. This voltage drop cannot be compensated by modifying the DC field
current because the voltages of the other two phases will also be changed. Therefore, it is essential that
three-phase alternators do not have loads that are badly unbalanced.
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Sl No Name of the Equipment No/Set

1. Mobile Work Station 01
2. Power Supply 01
3. Connection Leads 01
4. AC Ammeter and DC Ammeter 02
5. AC Voltmeter 01
6. DC Motor 01
7. 3 phase Synchronous Generator 01
8. Resistive Load 01
9. Inductive Load 01
5/1
10. Capacitive Load 01
11. Techo Meter 01
12. Timing Belt 01
CAUTION!
High voltages are present in this Experiment! Do not make any connections with the power on!
The power should be turned off after completing each individual measurement!
PROCEDURE:
1. Using your Three-Phase Synchronous Generator, DC Motor, Resistive Load, Power Supply, AC
Ammeter, AC Voltmeter connect the circuit shown in Figure-1. Note that the balanced resistive
load is Y-connected to the three-phase output of the alternator. The alternator rotor is connected
to the variable 0-220Vdc output of the power supply, terminals 7 and N. The DC shunt motor
winding is connected to the fixed 220 V dc output of the power supply, terminals 8 and N.
2. a. Couple the DC motor to the alternator with the timing belt.

b. Set the DC motor field rheostat at its full cw position (for minimum resistance).
c. Set the alternator field rheostat at its full ccw position (for maximum resistance).
d. Adjust each resistance section for a resistance of 1200Ω.
5/2
3. a. Turn on the power supply and, using your hand tachometer, adjust the DC motor
rheostat for a motor speed of 1500 r/min.
Note: This speed must be kept constant for the remainder of this Experiment!
b. Close the switch S.

c. Gradually increase the DC excitation from zero 0 to 0.25 amps dc.
d. Measure and record in Table 1
I2 (dc) 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

E1 (ac)
Table 1
3. a. Adjust the DC excitation of the alternator until the output voltage

E1 = 415 V ac. Measure and record the full load I1= ___ A ac & I2= ___A dc
b. Open the three resistance load switches for no load on the alternator and measure and
record the no load E1 and I2. Remember to check the motor speed and readjust to 1500
r/min if required. E1= _____ V ac, I2= ___A dc
c. Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
d. Calculate the alternator regulation with resistive loading.
ZL(Ohms) E1 I1(ac) I2(dc) RPM freq.(Hz)

∞ (No Load)
5/3
Full Load(1200 Ω)
Table 2
Regulation =
4. a. Using your Inductance Module, replace the resistive load with an inductive load.
b. Adjust each inductance section for a reactance XL of 1200Ω.
c. Repeat procedure 3 and record the full load values of I1and I2.
Il = _____ A ac, I2= _____ A dc
d. Measure and record the no load values of E1 and I2.
E1=_____ V ac, I2 =_____ A dc
e. Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
f. Calculate the alternator regulation with inductive loading.

∞ (No Load)
Full Load(1200 Ω)
Table 3
Regulation =
5. a. Using your Capacitance Module, replace the inductive load Module.

b. Adjust each capacitance section for a reactance X of 1200Ω.
c. Repeat procedure 3 and record the full-load value of I1and I2.
I1= _____ A ac, I2= _____ A dc
d. Measure and record the no load values of E1 and I2.
E1_____ V ac, I2= _____ A dc
e. Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
f. Calculate the alternator regulation with capacitive loading.

∞ (No Load)
Full Load(1200 Ω)
Table 4
Regulation =
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. Explain which Regulation are better in three loads?

2. Explain why the alternator output voltage increases with capacitance loading.
5/4
3. Explain why the alternator output voltage decreases with inductive loading.
4. Could it be dangerous to connect an alternator to a long transmission line, if the line looks
like a capacitor? Explain. Yes/No
5. The rotor of an alternator, at rated power, dissipates more heat at a low power factor
(lagging) load than a high power factor load. Explain. Yes/No
6. If an industrial customer of an electrical power company connects a large single-phase load
to a three phase power line, then every other user on that power line will have unbalanced
three-phase power, even if there loads are balanced. Explain why.
5/5

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Military Institute of Science & Technology

Electrical Machine Lab

Experiment Name: Study the properties of Three-Phase Alternator in various loads.

Sl No Name of the Equipment No/Set

4. AC Ammeter and DC Ammeter 02

7. 3 phase Synchronous Generator 01

11. Techo Meter 01

12. Timing Belt 01

2. a. Couple the DC motor to the alternator with the timing belt.

b. Close the switch S.

I2 (dc) 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

3. a. Adjust the DC excitation of the alternator until the output voltage

ZL(Ohms) E1 I1(ac) I2(dc) RPM freq.(Hz)

Il = _____ A ac, I2= _____ A dc

d. Measure and record the no load values of E1 and I2.

E1=_____ V ac, I2 =_____ A dc

ZL(Ohms) E1 I1(ac) I2(dc) RPM freq.(Hz)

5. a. Using your Capacitance Module, replace the inductive load Module.

c. Repeat procedure 3 and record the full-load value of I1and I2.

I1= _____ A ac, I2= _____ A dc

d. Measure and record the no load values of E1 and I2.

E1_____ V ac, I2= _____ A dc

ZL(Ohms) E1 I1(ac) I2(dc) RPM freq.(Hz)

1. Explain which Regulation are better in three loads?

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Il = _ A ac, I2= _ A dc

E1=_ V ac, I2 =_ A dc

I1= _ A ac, I2= _ A dc

E1_ V ac, I2= _ A dc