Test 1 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 15 minutes) Part4 For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Example: Q Achoice B variety © diversity selection Building roads with waste coffee Used coffee grounds, which are left in coffee machines after cups of coffee have been made, are already recycled in a (0) of ways. Now a team of scientists have discovered that they can also be (1).......... to goad use as a material far building roads. Coffee lover and professor of geotechnical engineering Arul Arulrajah (2)... the idea of using them in this way after observing workers at his favourite coffee shops In Melbourne, Australia, 6) Something suitable to mix with the coffee grounds to (6) ... (6) .... ~» throwing away used coffes grounds. He then (4) ......... Several experiments to find the base layer under a road's According io Professor Arulrajah’s estimates, the 150 kg of coffee grounds the team (7) from Melbourne's coffee houses every week could create enough material to bulld about five kilometres of road per year. This would (8) to a reduction in the amount of organic and industrial waste that ends up in the city's landfills.made considered forgetfully controlled compose covering collects bring regarded carelessly directed ground keeps come ° ° Reading and Use of English given acknowledged neglectiully guided position surface saves lead D D gat realised insensitively conducted install exterior ‘stores: arrive >(Bp.io9] 9Test 1 Part2 For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ‘one word in each gap, There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Example: 0] | WIA} AT. The amazing Atacama Desert When you think of a desert, (0) ... first comes to mind? Is it a hot, dry and empty landscape? For the Atacama Desert in Chile, that image is only partly true. It is actually pretty cold, with daily temperatures ranging (9) ... But (10) AY an . located right next to the Pacific Ocean, it's actually the world's driest desert, some parts of which have not had any rainfall for over 400 years. So it may come (12) seven years (13) (14)... carpet of colourful flowers. This incredible sight lasts for just a (15) ... © to 25 degrees centigrade. is certainly no doubt that the Atacama Desert is dry. Dest .@ Surprise to feam that it does actually rain in this desert, Every five to average, heavy rainfall soaks the landscape and then, all . a sudden, something magical happens: the desert is transformed into a .. Short weeks . enjoy such a rare occurrence. and attracts thousands of visitors, eager (16) 10 => p. 109)Reading and Use of Englistr Part3 For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals. at the end of some of the lines ta form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. ‘Jela]rfs Example: | 0 a LU Important helium gas discovery Helium is a gas which is very important for the running of major (Q) ... faclities. It is also used in medical equipment like brain scanners. People use it for their (17) -rsnnneinnnn t00, filing party balloons with it so they float in the air, eS Found (18)... neenneeen inside rocks, and until recently, helium was only ever discovered (19) was such (20) raserves that they called for a ban on its use in party balloons in order to «-» 8¢ in small quantities, There among doctors over the steady decline in . of the precious gas. help prevent a global (21) The discovery of a vast reserve of helium in east Africa in 2016, therefore, came as a great (22) approximately 1.5 billion litres of the gas, (23)... A-team from the UK and Norway made this significant find after applying techniques normally used in the (24) .aewurneween OF Oll and gas. . The store of helium found contains .. have said. SCIENCE AMUSE GROUND ACCIDENT ANXIOUS SHORT RELIEVE RESEARCH EXPLORE 9(Be to] 4Test? Part 4 For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. De not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). Example: 0 Prizes are given out when the school year fi PLACE Prize-giving .... sssua: @nd Of the school year. The gap can be filled by the words ‘takes place at the’, so you write: [e] TAKES PLACE AT THI Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Example: 25 Because Alice was finding her book very interesting, she didn't hear the doorbell ring. ABSORBED Alice was, doorbell ring. .. her book that she didn't hear the 26 Wemissed the train because we didn’t leave home early enough. IF ‘We wouldn't have missed the train... early enough 27 I'msure Diane can solve this maths puzzle, ‘CAPABLE I'm sure Diane ..., .. this maths puzzle. 1228 Reading and Use of English Mend you my bike, but only if you look after It. LONG lend you my bike . .. careof it, ‘don't want to help you with your homewerk, Sam,’ said his sister. WILLING ‘Sam's sister said she ....... . him with his homework, “I'm not going to miss my best friend's party!” Mary told her mother. DETERMINED Mary told her mother that she friend’s party. toher bestline 10 Test 7 Part 5 ‘You are going to read a magazine article about a teenager called Harry Dean who went on a freestyle ski jumping course. For questions 31-36, choose the answer (A, B, C or D} which you think fits best according to the text, Matk your answers on the separate answer sheet. Learning freestyle ski jumping iby Harry Dean ‘Remember, speed is your friend, not your enemy, said Gareth, ourinstructor, as we looked down the ski slope, ‘Now, who wants to go first?” The assembled group looked nervous, Then one guy, David, who'd had some experience of freestyle sk.jumping, and Presumably wanted to preserve his reputation as someone who knew exactly what he was doing, pushed forward, skiing alt down the slope towards the jump, He hit the approach ramp fast and flew upwards, arms flalingin the alr. Even to.our untutored eyes, something was wrong, We held our breath. He hit the ground, losing both skis, and flipped head- first into the snow, ‘Remember’ Gareth then kindly informed us, ‘speed is an unpreciictable beast." Perhaps | Just wasn’t cut out for this freestyle stuff. On previous skiing holidays, I'd enjoyed messing about, practising turns in the snow, | just wasn't one of those teenagers who spent their time doing freestyle tricks on ramps and hell pipes in skateboard parks. Deep down, I'd always thought it looked fun, but reckoned that, with my lack of know-how, if fd tried to join with the skateboarders, with their baggy trousers and special language, I'd have risked total ridicule. Then my parents decided we'd have a winter holiday at a training centre for freestyle skiing in the USA. It had a huge indoor facility near the slopes, with trampolines, and ski jumps covered in artifictal snow, from which students leapt, shrieking as they attempted their new tricks, then landed in pits of foam cubes, After practising their moves indaors, students headed outside, ‘Progression is inevitable! the centre's slogan cheerily assured us. ‘Belore places like this trained people up, inexper ski jumpers would just throw themselves dawn the slopes and hope for the best,’ sald Gareth. ‘But remmemlber—once you're on the real jumps, i you bit the knuckle, you'll be in trouble.” 14 nced The ‘knuckle’ Gareth was referring to is the fat section behind the jump before the slope steepens again to become the landing. zone proper. Land in the zone and your motion continues forward, minimising impact. Land on the flat and you stop. dead, which is painful. Hencetheneed for speed. At first, though, it was all but impossible to convince my body to ignore what my brain was screaming at me and to race straight towards the jump. My legs would virtually go into reverse as | neared the launch point, so 1 came slamming down onto the koucke. ! managed nat te fall, but by midday I felt several centimetres shorter. "You need to control the jump, not let it control you,’ said Gareth, Day two started on the trampolines in the centre. Td expected to hate being stuck indoors, looking at the snowy peaks outside, but bouncing on the trampolines was addictive. Some of the drills eopied moves we'd make while skejumping, others were aimed at teaching ‘aerial awareness’ - knowing what your body was doing as you spun in space, Gareth gave us a running commentary. My ‘serial awareness’ apparently needed work — and it’s true that, every time I tried, I was aware of the moment before take-off, and nothing more until found myself lying in the foam cubes next to the trampoline. We moved back fo the mountain to try agein, Inevitably, there were more setbacks before I finally landed properly. Gareth seemed as delighted as me, and for a few moments | was walking on ait, with the sheer pride of having achieved such an elusive goal. But that was shortlived. On the final run of the day, | forced myself not to reduce speed as I approached the jump, became airborne, and came down appropriately in the landing zone. ‘Then I noticed both skis sliding down the slope ahead, no longer attached to my feet31 Reading and Use of English Harry suggests that David ‘A had thought he would be in a more advanesd group. B__ was a good role-model for beginners in the group. © had not listened to the teacher's instructions. D was notas skilled as he appeared to believe. What is meant by ‘flailing in the air’ in line 10? A. announcing his arrival B. suitably positioned for jumping © waving around uselessly D. raised high in victory What doss Harry say about his experience of freestyle sports? His fear of failure prevented him from participating. His natural ability was never fully recognised He discovered that his original opinion of freestylers was justified He regrets not having developed the skills necessary to de well. vom> During Harry's first attempts at ski jumping, he felt inhibited by the warning he had been given. struggled to overcome his natural instincts. showed a determination to improve his technique. regarded the fact that he remained upright as progress. com> While training on the trampoline, Harry resented the fact that he had to stay indoors. wished he had realised how difficult he would find it, failed to see the relevance of what he was asked to do. felt that the criticism he received was fair. gou> ‘When Harry retumed to the slopes after his indoor training, he managed several surprisingly competent jumps. became convinced perfect jumps were impossible to achieve. got into difficulty atter managing a good jump. suffered a loss of confidence before his last jump. ooaD 3>)|Op.iog} 15Test ft Part 6 Yau are going to read a magazine article about a painting created by a computer, Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which tits each cap (87-42). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. A computer-generated painting Born in Amsterdam in 1606, Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn is one of the world’s most renowned artists. The prolific painter was iamaus for his portraits and was. admirest for his ability to capture realistic emotions, Unfortunately, like many artists of his time, Rembrandi’s talents were not recognised during his lifetime. The artist died penniless in 1669, alter suffering many years of hardship, Interestingly, a painting unveiled in Holland in 2016 has made headlines around the world because it looks a fit war painted by the famous 17th-century Duteh artist. | 37] Ik is, in fact, a brand new painting that uses technology to mimic his technique so perfectly ‘that it could easily be mistaken for one created by the great artist himself ‘The clever forgery, called the ‘Next Rembrandt', ‘took 18 months to complete and is the result of collaboration between computer experts and art experts. The team collected data from the Dutch artist's 346 known paintings to help them imitate as closely as possible his technique, choice of colour, structure, texture and topic. They used facial recognition software and a unique computer programme to_analyse the individual features af his style. ‘They decided that the ‘Next Rembrandt’ would be a portrait of a white male between 30 and 40 years old, wearing black clothes, a white collar and a hat 40 | The special software system that the team had designed gathered information about Rembrandt's style based on his use of geometry, the way he placed the objects and people in relation to one another in his paintings and his choice of paint colours. The data was used to generate the facial features for the ‘Next Rembrandt’ ‘The individual elements were put together to form the face and the chest in the same proportions as the original paintings created by the Dutch artist. [41 |__| When this had been done, a ‘3D printer was used to bring the Next Rembrandt’ 1o life. Comprising 148 million pixels and 13 layers of ultra-violet ink, the "painting" is a clever forgery that looks exactly like an original Rembrandt, at least to the untrained eye. ‘The goal of the project was to stert a discussion about how data and technology could become an essential part of the art world, The project was not universally popular, and did receive some criticism, [42 ‘Their aim was to ensure ‘The computer needed as much data as possible to enable it to mimic the artist's work accurately. Rembrancit painted a large number of portraits, many of which were of men with moustaches wearing black sults with white collars. [39 16 that the*Next Rembrandt’ would bea masterpiece, ‘one that even the famous Dutch artist would be proud of, and they seem to have succeeded.Reading and Use of English However, many art historians, including Rembrand! experts, were incredibly supportive. Oncethe subject had been determined, the ext stage of the process could begin These included details Ike painting strokes, the artist’s preferred angle and soon, AAs aresull, they actually considered giving up on it at this point, ‘The team then used technology to add depth and texture to their image. ‘The authentic-looking masterplece 1s not the work of Rembrandt, though. For tls reason, the team settled on creating something similar. 109 17Test t Part 7 You ate going to read an article written by an architect about his work, For questions 43-52, choose from the sections (A-D), The sections may be chosen mare than once. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet, In which section does the writer warn that exercising may have the opposite effect to that intended? mention an inerease in the size of something as the result of exercise? 43 44 say even very gentle exercise can have a positive impact? [49 | 46 explain why a comparison is a little misleading? give an example of an improvement in students’ ability to focus? a7 say what many people believed about the benefits of exercise has been 48 proved correct? give advices on how to recall inforrnation more effectively? mention a doubt about why people sometimes experience a change of mocd?| 50 warn that a particular type of exercise may not help with problem solving? 51 Welcome the idea of matching exercise type to particular mental challenges? | 52 18 =>(M p. 100Reading and Use of English How physical exercise makes your brain work better A The brain is often described as being ‘ike a muscle’, however, this may not always be a helpful way of thinking about it, For example, if you want to improve the strength of your arms, you can exercise them and feel the results. When it comes to exercising your brain, this, of course, isn't possible. But it seems that by working your body's muscles you're actually benefitting your brain too. What's more, different physical activities can change the structure of your brain in different ways. As a result of research into how this happens, people will be able to select the form of exercise which best suits their needs what to do if, for example, they want to perform well in a memory test — and this is good news, Researchers are still trying to work out why exercise seems to be so good for the brain. One possibility is that it increases blood flow. Exercise may also encourage the creation of new cells that are responsible for carrying messages between the brain and body. Until recently, few people thought this could happen in adult brains, but scientists now see this as a real possibility. B It is well known that hard physical activity can have @ positive effect on how you feel. For example, runners often get what's referred to as a ‘runner's high’ = that great feeling that follows intense exercise. Many people think this is due to endorphins, the chemicals in your bloodstream responsible for making you feel happy, rushing to your brain. However, although levels of endorphins rise in the bloodstream when youexercise, it's not clear haw much actually gets into the brain. Research into this is still being carried out, The part of the brain that responds strongly to exercise is called the hippocampus. Experiments in children, adults and the elderly show that this brain structure grows as people get fitter, As the hippocampus is very important for learning and memory, this finding partly explains the memory-boosting effects of improved fitness. C As well as slowly improving your memory, physical exercise can have a more immediate impact on the learning process itsell. Researchers have shown that walking or cycling at the same time as trying to learn something new, for example foreign language vocabulary, is really helpful, So exercise while you revise. Don't push it too hard, though: extreme workouts can raise your stress levels, which, of course, can have a negative effect on your ability to remember things, Exercise can also help you to stay on task. In one study, allowing school pupils a 20-minute exercise session between lessons. was found to improve their attention spans, Meanwhile, another study looked at the effects of daily aiter-school sports classes over a school year. The children, of course, got fitter. Less predictably, they showed greater levels of concentration in class: they became better at ignoring distractions and remembering and using what they'd learnt. D And you may not have to get out of breath to improve your attention span, Just 10 minutes of play aimed at improving coordination skills, like bouncing two balls at the same time, has been shown, to have real benefits for people's ability to concentrate. A lot of peaple have claimed that doing physical exercise, even just walking, makes you able to think more imaginatively. Psychologists have now found this to be the case, Walking, either outdoors or on a treadmill in a gym, can boost creative thinking, On the other hand, if you're struggling with your homework and looking for a single solution to a maths problem, then a relaxing walk isn’t necessarily what you need. It seems that what you do with your body will Inevitably affect your brain and how well you're able to learn new things. So get up and get active! 19Test 1 WRITING (1 hour 20 minutes) Part1 You must answer this question. Write your answer in 140-190 words in an appropriate style on the separate answer sheet. 1 Inyour English class you have been talking about physical appearance, Now your English teacher has asked you to write an essay. ‘Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view. IAA ddsded ‘We are much too worried about how people and things look." Do you agree? Notes Write about: 1. being like your friends 2. the effect of celebrities Boece teint OUrOWn Idea) 20Writing Part 2 ‘Write an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part, Write your answer in 140-190 words In an appropriate style on the separate answer sheet. Put the question number in the bax at the top of the answer sheet. 2 You receive this email from your English friend, Sam, Hi I'm visiting relatives in Scotland next week. |t's a ten-hour train ride! | know that you do quite a bit of long-distance travelling. What do you take with you on a long journey? And what can! do so | don’t get bored? Thanks Sam Write your email 3 You see this notice in an English-language magazine for teenagers. Articles wanted. My life at the moment! Write an article for our magazine, explaining what you like about your life at the mament, How do you think your life will change over the next couple of years, and why? The best articles will appear in our magazine next month. Write your article. 4 You have seen this announcement in an international magazine for teenagers. Stories wanted We are looking for stories for our new English-language magazine for teenagers. Your story must begin with this sentence: it was Tom's first deep-sea alving lesson and he felt quite nervous, ‘Your story must include: * ashark * aphotograph Write your story. aTest 1 LISTENING (approximately 40 minutes) Part 1 You will hear people talking in eight different situations, ‘ For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (A. B or C). Listening test audio 1 You hear two students discussing some research into the behaviour of fish. How does the girl fee! about the research? ‘A confused about how the study was conducted B surprised by the ability the fish dispiayed © amused by the subject of the experiment 2 Youhear a boy telling his friend about an important football match he will play in soon. What does he decide to do? ‘A. recommend that another player should join the team B request further practice sessions before the game © ask the coach to change his position on the field 3 You hear two friends talking about a rack band. They agree that the band members ‘A had become tired from working too hard, B_ were likely to have arguments, © had very different ideas about music. 4 You hear a teacher talking to his class after a discussion on space exploration What is he doing? A. challenging his students’ point of view Basking his students to support their argument © praising his students tor reaching agreementListening You hear two friends talking about a rivarboat trio they've been on. ‘What do they both think made it worthwhile? A the information provided B the music onboard © the views of thecity You hear a boy talking about working as a volunteer in a nature reserve. What did he feel about the experience? A. surprised by how rewarding he found it B disappointed that he couldn't choose what to do © pleased that he could show how much he knew ‘You hear a radio news item about National Ice Gream Month in the USA. Whatis one ice cream company doing to mark the event? A. designing stamps with illustrations of lee cream on them B_ manufacturing a range of ice cream with fewer calories © introducing some different varieties of ice cream ‘You hear a girl talking about @ science project she did at school. What does she say about the project? A It helped her with other studies. B Itwas interesting to take part in, G Ittook too long to set up.Test 1 Part2 You will hear a man called Ben Gardener talking about his job, making large models from piastic building blocks. For questions 9-18, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. Listening test audio | Ben Gardener — model maker Ben was an engineer in the field of (9)... before getting his current job. Ben feels his qualification in (10) ..... snow has been agreat help to him in his job. At the selection day he attended, Ben had difficulty making something that was A Apaceonce won in shape. ‘To show his range of skilis, Ben chose to make a model of a (12) .... When designing a model, Ben's (13) .. .. ae more helpful to him than anything else. Ben's models are glued together to prevent them from being broken when (94)... Ben particularly enjoys working on the (15) .. touch them. that will accompany a moving model. Ben recalls that he had to climb into a huge mode! of a ne Ben's next job will be to construct a model of a (17) .... to make it secure. from bricks. Before making a Model of a building, Ben has to visit it to get the correct (8). ... Of the place. 24 -»(@ p.110] (Bp. 115)Part3 You will hear five short extracts in which teenagers are talking about their experience of speaking in public, For questions 19-23, ‘choose from the list (A-H) what each speaker felt about the experience. Use the letters only once, There are three extra letters Listening which you do not need to use. Listening test audio ‘A discouraged by how good other people were B proud of having done detailed research Speaker 1 © disappointed to have felt so nervous Speaker 2 D relieved not to have made any mistakes Speaker 8 E embarrassed at having to change the plan at the last moment Speaker 4 F grateful to have been given support Speaker 5 G annoyed thet their efforts were not appreciated H surprised that practising dide't help much 19 23 (8 p. 110 S p.117] 25Test 1 Part 4 ‘You will hear an interview with a student called Laura Benson, who is talking about her experience of studying caterpillars and other insects in @ rainforest in Central America. For questions 24-30, choose the best answer (A, Bor C). Listening test audio 24 7 28 26 ‘What was the first thing that surprised Laura about the rainforest? A how hot it was B how noisy it was © how colourful it was ‘Why was the task of collecting caterpillars difficult for Laura? A. The idea of handling them made her fesl nervous. B Their appearance made them hard to see. © She was unsure where te look for them. A scientist from Mexico that Laura worked with was studying A how caterpillars digest their food. B how caterpillars defend themselves. C how caterpillars adapt to their environment, What did Laura enjoy taking photographs of? A. different shapes that caterpillars form: B previously unknown species of caterpillar © the process of caterpillars becoming butterflies What does Laura think is the most important thing she learned about caterpillars? A how much damage they can cause to crops B how little is known about them © how significant they are for other wildlifeListening 29 How does Laura now feel about a jungle hike she went on? A embarrassed about how she behaved at times B sory she was unable to repeat the experiance proud to have overcome very challenging conditions 30 Asa result of her rainforest experiences, Laura thinks that in future she is likely to A. get involved in work to protect the environment. B continue with her education. ‘C do research into different species of insects. (Op. 110] (Bp.si9] 27