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    13 03

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    Eren Anter
    The document discusses China's historical role as a dominant economic and intellectual power until the 19th century. It describes China's hierarchical, tribute-based system of foreign relations and the influence of Confucianism on neighboring countries like Korea and Japan. It also discusses the arrival of Christianity through Catholic missionaries during the Ming Dynasty and their intellectual exchanges with Chinese scholars. The Qing Dynasty established control over China and neighboring regions like Mongolia and Tibet while upholding Chinese civilization and Manchu identity. European colonial powers like Portugal also expanded their influence in Asia during this period.

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    13 03

    Uploaded by

    Eren Anter
    34 views7 pages
    The document discusses China's historical role as a dominant economic and intellectual power until the 19th century. It describes China's hierarchical, tribute-based system of foreign relations and the influence of Confucianism on neighboring countries like Korea and Japan. It also discusses the arrival of Christianity through Catholic missionaries during the Ming Dynasty and their intellectual exchanges with Chinese scholars. The Qing Dynasty established control over China and neighboring regions like Mongolia and Tibet while upholding Chinese civilization and Manchu identity. European colonial powers like Portugal also expanded their influence in Asia during this period.

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    The document discusses China's historical role as a dominant economic and intellectual power until the 19th century. It describes China's hierarchical, tribute-based system of foreign relations and the influence of Confucianism on neighboring countries like Korea and Japan. It also discusses the arrival of Christianity through Catholic missionaries during the Ming Dynasty and their intellectual exchanges with Chinese scholars. The Qing Dynasty established control over China and neighboring regions like Mongolia and Tibet while upholding Chinese civilization and Manchu identity. European colonial powers like Portugal also expanded their influence in Asia during this period.

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    34 views7 pages

    13 03

    Uploaded by

    Eren Anter
    The document discusses China's historical role as a dominant economic and intellectual power until the 19th century. It describes China's hierarchical, tribute-based system of foreign relations and the influence of Confucianism on neighboring countries like Korea and Japan. It also discusses the arrival of Christianity through Catholic missionaries during the Ming Dynasty and their intellectual exchanges with Chinese scholars. The Qing Dynasty established control over China and neighboring regions like Mongolia and Tibet while upholding Chinese civilization and Manchu identity. European colonial powers like Portugal also expanded their influence in Asia during this period.

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     China was the wealthiest economy in the world.

    It also had a distinguished knowledge of


    scientific scholar and know-how. The roots of scholarship was in China.
     People went along with China centred tribute. They wanted to make trade contracts.

     Practice of hierarchal diplomacy. Until the middle of the 19 th century, practices survived. This
    was in contrary with Mediterranean regions. Even Ottomans accepted a Euro-centric view of
    diplomacy. Interstate relations was European styled.
     China-centred Cosmos: Scroll of World Nations paying tribute.
     Regional acceptance of Neo-Confucianism of the Song dynasty scholar Zhu Xi in Korea, Japan,
    Vietnam survive into modern times.

     Ming Confucianism had an idea of heaven which dictate a global harmony.


     Ming dynasty is said to have been early Modern China. This is after the collapse of Mongol
    Rule.
     China is becoming the wealthiest economy soon enough. The frontiers of the Ming dynasty
    indicate an extension into the North East. Early period of opening up to the outside world did
    not survive. Defence of the frontiers became more important.

     Ming Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty.


     We have Chinese scholars who stated that Confucianism and Islam goes parallel with each
    other. This is a reflection of developing foreign relations. For example, Zheng He.
     The new experience of arrival of Christianity is important. Catholic Christianity and
    missionaries and Jesuits such as Matteo Ricci settled in China. It was beneficial for both sides.
    China were transferring the knowledge of astronomy. Jesuits gained bureaucratical advance.
    Check Jesuit instruments. The idea of the globe arrived in East Asia actually with the
    missionaries.
     Ricci translated the Confucian text. Kong-Tzu became Confucius and Latinized.
     10 thousand official bureaucrats administer a vast empire of 150 million people in China.
     Bureaucrats were non-aristocratic, they passed bureau test based on the memorization of
    classics. There was also found a copy shirt on a man who is taking the exam.

     In his essays, he expresses an admiration to China. Indeed, this is an important intellectual


    encounter. Chinese are deriving knowledge from Jesuits, Jesuits learn from Chinese, Catholic
    Europe learns from Chinese.
     Qing dynasty (1644-1911) Upholds Chinese Civilizational Identity as well as the Manchu
    Identity of North Asia and special links to the nomads and Tibetians.

     They supported the revival of the classics, the classical high civilization of China. Power was
    based on a new military organization. If the Qing survived until 1911, it was based on a
    regional military organization.
     Manchu Banner Military Organization is consisted of banners one of which has 18.000 men
    under itself.
     Manchu?
     What was this army all about? And most importantly, it stopped Romanov expansion to Far
    East.
     Every document needs to be written in Manchuese, Chinese and Mongolian, a tri-lingual
    empire.
     Qing Empire reached the borders of China today.

     Portuguese, who conquered Malacca very violently, Spaniards, who conquered Philippines.
    Christians are never outlawed but they are put under some restrictions. Japanese took the
    measure even stricter. They totally banned Christianity. (Tokugawa) They feared.
     The Qing dynasty established autonomous rulers. Finally, they managed to sweep Mongols
    from China. He ordered the writing of a rational dictionary.
     With the French revolution, they are still keeping their old diplomatic traditions. Dutch
    mission who tought McCartney was wrong, did not mind KowTow to get that trade
    agreement. (?)

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