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China Limits European Contact

1) The Ming Dynasty isolated China from European contact after the voyages of Zheng He, believing resources were better spent on domestic defense. 2) The Qing Dynasty that followed continued China's isolationist policies, maintaining strict control over foreign trade through a few designated ports. 3) European powers like Britain and the Dutch traded with China but sought to reduce its trade restrictions, foreshadowing the weakening of China's isolation in the early 1800s.

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Vergel Franz Ordeniza
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717 views25 pages

China Limits European Contact

1) The Ming Dynasty isolated China from European contact after the voyages of Zheng He, believing resources were better spent on domestic defense. 2) The Qing Dynasty that followed continued China's isolationist policies, maintaining strict control over foreign trade through a few designated ports. 3) European powers like Britain and the Dutch traded with China but sought to reduce its trade restrictions, foreshadowing the weakening of China's isolation in the early 1800s.

Uploaded by

Vergel Franz Ordeniza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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China Limits European

Contact

China
Effects of European Exploration
 European exploration had lead to
opportunities to trade. Europeans
were making healthy profits.
- They began to look for
additional sources of wealth.
- Soon European countries were
seeking trade with China and
Japan
Ming Dynasty
 Hongwu, lead the rebel army that
drove the Mongols out of China
and became the 1st Ming emperor.
 He began reforms to:
- restore farm land destroyed by
war
- erase all traces of the Mongols
- promote China’s power and
prosperity.
Hongwu
Ming Dynasty
 Hongwu believed using respected
traditions and institutions would
bring stability to China.
 For example, he . . .
- Returned to Confucian moral
standards.
- Restored the merit-based
examination system.
Ming Dynasty

 However, later in his rule he


became a ruthless tyrant. He
suspected plots against him
and murders thousands of govt.
officials.
 He was succeeded by his son,
Yonglo (yung-lu).
Ming Dynasty
 Yonglo continued his father’s
policies, but moved the Chinese
capital to Beijing.
 He built a great palace complex to
symbolize his power and might. It
took 14 years to construct.
 It was known as the Forbidden
City because commoners and
foreigners were not allowed inside
Ming Dynasty
 Yonglo had curiosity about the
outside world.
 In 1405 (before Europeans), he
launched the first of 7 voyages
of exploration.
 He hoped to impress the work
with the power and splendor of
Ming China.
Voyages of Zheng He
A Chinese Muslim admiral named,
Zheng He, led all 7 voyages.
 Everything about them was
LARGE –
distance,
fleet size,
ship size.
Voyages of Zheng He
His voyages included:
–Crew numbered over 27,000:
including sailors, soldiers,
carpenters, interpreters,
accountants, doctors, &
religious leaders.
–Fleet included: fighting ships,
storage vessels, and treasure
ships
Voyages of Zheng He
 Everywhere he went he distributed
silver and silk to show Chinese
superiority.
 Scholars argued the voyages were
a waste of resources that were
needed to defend against
barbarian attacks.
 So after the 7th voyage in 1433,
China withdrew into isolation.
China’s Isolation
 To minimize outside influence,
only the govt. was allowed to
conduct foreign trade.
 As a result, smuggling goods such
as silk and porcelain became a
common practice.
China’s Isolation
 Manufacturing and commerce
increased, but China didn’t
industrialize because of their
Confucian beliefs (making $ was
not important) and agricultural
traditions.
 Taxes on agriculture were low,
but taxes on manufactured
goods and trade skyrocketed.
The Qing Dynasty
 By 1600, the Ming dynasty was
weakening. They were taken over
by a group who lived to the
northeast of the Great Wall, called
the Manchus.
 The Manchus seized power and
took a Chinese name for their
dynasty, the Qing dynasty.
The Qing Dynasty
 They would rule for more than
260 years and expand China’s
boarders to include – Taiwan,
Mongolia, and Tibet.
 Many Chinese resisted their rule,
but the Manchus slowly earned
their respect.
 They upheld many Chinese
beliefs and social structures.
The Qing Dynasty

 The Manchus made the country


safe and restored China’s
prosperity.
 One powerful Manchu ruler who
contributed to the acceptance of
the new dynasty was, Kangxi
(kahng-shee).
Kangxi
 Kangxi became emperor and ruled
for more than 60 years.
 He reduced government expenses,
lowered taxes, and offered scholars
government positions.
 He also allowed Jesuit missionaries
at court. He enjoyed hearing about
European developments in science,
medicine, and math.
Manchus Continue Isolation
 To the Chinese (“the Middle
Kingdom”), they had been the
cultural center of the universe for
2,000 years.
 If foreign countries wanted to
trade with China, they had to
follow Chinese rules such as,
trading only at special ports and
paying taxes.
Manchus Continue Isolation
 The Dutch accepted Chinese
restrictions. As a result, the
Chinese accepted the Dutch as a
trading partner.
 The Dutch returned to Europe with
traditional silk and porcelains, as
well as a new item, tea.
 By 1800, tea made up 80% of
shipments to Europe.
Manchus Continue Isolation
 Great Britain also wanted to
increase trade with China, but
Britain didn’t like China’s trade
restrictions.
 The Chinese refused Britain’s
request.
 The emperor declared that China
was self-sufficient and didn’t need
British goods.
Manchus Continue Isolation

 Europeans would continue to


chip away at China’s trade
restrictions until the empire
began to crack.
 By the early 1800s, European
pressure forced China to open
to foreign trade and influence.

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