�

1. If A can be expressed as a fraction � , what is the sum of the prime factors of a?

1 1 1 2
�= + + +…+
12 30 60 88 × 89 × 90

733 36!
2. What is the product if the remainder of 80
is multiplied to the remainder of 37
?

3. Find the smallest 4-digit number such that if the number is divided by the numbers in
the set {3, 6, 9} the remainders are in the set {1, 2, 5}.

4. The prime factorization of the product of the factors of 15 is 32 x 52. If the prime
factorization of the product of factors of 180 is P1 a × p2 b × p3 c . What is a x b x c?

3 3 3 3 3
5. Let � = − + −…− + . If E can be expressed as � +
3− 8 5− 24 7− 48 17− 288 19− 360

� (where b > a), find a + b.

6. If three distinct points do NOT always determine a line then the intersection of two
distinct planes is NOT always a line. If the intersection of two distinct planes is NOT
always a line, then the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is NOT always 180
degrees. Assume that the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is always 180
degrees. Prove that three distinct points always determine a line. Is the statement,
three distinct points always determine a line, true or false; or its truth cannot be
determined?

7. In chess, a queen (Q) is worth a rook (R), a knight (N) and a pawn (P). A rook can
be exchanged with a bishop (B) and two pawns; while a bishop and 3 pawns is
worth 2 knights. If a knight is worth 3 pawns, how many pawns can be exchanged
for a queen?
8. The Philippines is planning to procure Covid-19 vaccines from several vaccine
manufacturers in order to immunize at least 60% of its population and achieve herd
immunity. A portfolio of vaccines A, B and C are being considered in order to
minimize cost AND maximize the number of people that can be vaccinated.
Vaccine A costs Php 2,000 per dose; vaccine B costs Php 1,000 per dose; while
vaccine C costs Php 200 per dose. Vaccine A manufacturer can only deliver 10 to
20 million doses; vaccine B manufacturer can deliver exactly 5 million doses; and
vaccine C manufacturer promises to deliver 30 to 50 million doses. Assume that the
Philippines has a population of 112 million and has allotted a budget for its national
vaccination program of about Php 73 billion but only Php 30 billion is allotted for the
purchase of vaccines from the manufacturers. Assume that only one dose of
vaccine is needed to immunize a person. The country should manage its portfolio
of vaccines and allot its budget to minimize cost AND to maximize the number of
people that can be vaccinated. Considering all these assumptions, how many
Filipinos can be vaccinated given the budget?

9. If 1 + 1 = 2 then Lebron James is not the greatest basketball player of all time or the
moon is not made out of cheese. If Lebron James is not the greatest basketball
player of all time then 80% of the world population is vaccinated against Covid19.
However, it is not the case that 80% of the world population is vaccinated against
Covid19. But if the Philippines has more than 7100 islands then ��� + 1 = 0; and if ��� +
1 = 0 then the moon is made out of cheese. The Philippines has more than 7100
islands. Based on the assumptions above, which statement is true: 1 + 1 = 2 �� 1 +
1 ≠ 2?

10. Robert, Audrey, James and Jane are founders of ICE Corporation. One of them is
the president, one is the vice president, one is the secretary and one is the treasurer,
though not necessarily in that order. If (a) Robert and James both attended the
secretary’s birthday party; (b) both Audrey and the James received gifts from both
the president and the vice president; (c) Jane was not elected president. What is
each person’s position in ICE Corporation?
 �� −�−� �� +�−�
11. Let � � = 2
and � � = 2
. Find � � � �(� � ).

12. Let � and � (�, � ≠ 0) be the roots of the equation �2 − 3� − � = 0. � ≠ 0 . If �� and

13. In the equation 11x + 12y + 13z = 108, where x, y, and z are integers, find the value
of 7(x + y + z).

1+ 2021
14. Given that x = 2
, calculate the value of (x3 – 506x – 502)8.

15. Find the sum of the coefficients of the polynomial

(3x3 – x2 - 7x + 12)2(11 + 5x - 10x2)3.

16. For every positive real number m and n, find the minimum value of
1 9
(� + �) �
+ � .

17. What is the remainder when (x – 2)1010 + (x -3)2020 is divided by x2 – 5x + 6.

18. The equation (7 – x)3 + (5 – x)3 = (12 – 2x)3 has roots x1, x2, and x3. What is the value
of (x1 + x2 + x3)?
19. Circle O intersects quadrilateral ABCX at A, B, C, E, F and G. Circle X is tangent to
Circle O at F. Segment BX passes through center O and bisects angle AXC. It is also
given that AC = 7, DC=4, AB=2, AF=6 and XB =3 10. What is the exact area of circle
X?

20. The area of triangle SPE is 20 cm2 and the measures of segments SH, HE, PH, and TH
are 5 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm and 2cm respectively. What is the area of triangle THE?

21. Cevian segments PN, LS, and EI intersect at point A. If the perimeter of Triangle PEL is
��
66 cm and the ratios of PI: LI = 5:2, and LN : NE = 2: 3, what is the ratio ��?

S I
A
L
E N
22. In a triangle AVR, AV=8, AY=4, and AR=7. Angles A and R measure π/3 and π/4
�
respectively. What is VY? Write your answer as �.

A Y R

23. What is the area of the rectangle SPGT given that ST =10, SE= 12, EG = 13, and TE=
12 2?

24. A chord is drawn in a circle with radius 12 centimeters and with a shortest distance
of 4 centimeters from the center. A small circle is also drawn between the chord
and the circumference of the circle. What is the area of the small circle if it is
tangent to the chord at P and Q, AP is 6 cm and PQ is 4 cm?

Q
A P B
25. What is the value of � + � in the binomial expansion (�� + ��)10 if the coefficient of
the 3rd term of the binomial expansion of (�� + ��)9 is 36 and if the coefficient of the
4th term of the binomial expansion of (�� + ��)9 is equal to 84?

26. What is the sum of all the coefficients of the terms of the multinomial expansion of
�1 + �2 + �3 + … + �� �, where k and n are both natural numbers?(Express your
answer in terms of k and n.)

27. A typical n-set is � = {�1 , �2 , �3 , …, ��}, where n is a natural number. How many
subsets of A contain the element �� ?

28. How many possible divisors does n! have? [Hint: Use �� , � ∈ �, to denote the degree
(exponents) of the prime factors of n!]

29. How many 4-digit numbers are there in which the sum of digits is 10?

30. If 3 ∈ � and � + � ∈ � and if � ∈ � and � ∈ �, determine the elements of S.

C O N G R A T U L A T I O N S!
You have reached the end of this challenge! Mabuhay!