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    Prac-6 - Ideal Gases

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    Cristiano Passarelli
    This document summarizes key concepts about ideal gases, including gas laws, units of measurement, molar volume, density, gas mixtures, and the van der Waals equation of state. It provides lecture materials on these topics, including definitions of terms, sample calculations, and example exercises. Key gas laws discussed are relationships between pressure, volume, temperature, moles of gas, and the universal gas constant in the ideal gas equation of state.

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    Prac-6 - Ideal Gases

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    Cristiano Passarelli
    8 views18 pages
    This document summarizes key concepts about ideal gases, including gas laws, units of measurement, molar volume, density, gas mixtures, and the van der Waals equation of state. It provides lecture materials on these topics, including definitions of terms, sample calculations, and example exercises. Key gas laws discussed are relationships between pressure, volume, temperature, moles of gas, and the universal gas constant in the ideal gas equation of state.

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    This document summarizes key concepts about ideal gases, including gas laws, units of measurement, molar volume, density, gas mixtures, and the van der Waals equation of state. It provides lecture materials on these topics, including definitions of terms, sample calculations, and example exercises. Key gas laws discussed are relationships between pressure, volume, temperature, moles of gas, and the universal gas constant in the ideal gas equation of state.

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    8 views18 pages

    Prac-6 - Ideal Gases

    Uploaded by

    Cristiano Passarelli
    This document summarizes key concepts about ideal gases, including gas laws, units of measurement, molar volume, density, gas mixtures, and the van der Waals equation of state. It provides lecture materials on these topics, including definitions of terms, sample calculations, and example exercises. Key gas laws discussed are relationships between pressure, volume, temperature, moles of gas, and the universal gas constant in the ideal gas equation of state.

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    You are on page 1of 18

    CHEMISTRY - practice lecture

    AA 2016-2017

    6 – Ideal gases

    Dr. Cristina Pagliano


    Department of Applied Science and Technology
    Politecnico di Torino
    Phone number: 0131-229301
    E-mail: cristina.pagliano@polito.it

    1/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Ideal Gas Laws

    Gas laws describe the relationship between temperature (T), pressure


    (P), Volume (V) and the number of moles (n) of gases.

    2/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Units and Universal Gas Constants (1/4)

    3/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Units and Universal Gas Constants (2/4)

    4/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Units and Universal Gas Constants (3/4)

    5/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Units and Universal Gas Constants (4/4)

    6/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Ideal Gas Laws

    P pressure [atm]
    V volume [l]
    n moles [mol]
    T temperature [K]
    R universal constant = 0.0821 atm l mol-1 K-1
    = 8.311 Pa m3 mol-1 K-1
    = 8.31 J mol-1 K-1
    = 1.987 cal K-1 mol-1

    Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)


    0°C = 273.15 K
    1 atm = 760 torr = 760 mm Hg = 101325 Pascal (1.013 x 105Pa)

    7/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Molar volume (Avogadro’s principle)

     Given T and P, the molar volume of an ideal gas does not depend on
    its chemical nature.

     A mole of any gaseous substance occupies at standard temperature


    and pressure conditions (STP = 0°C, 1 atm) the same volume of 22.4
    L.

     At the same pressure and temperature conditions, equal volume of


    different gases contains the same mole number.

    8/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Gas behavior at Standard Conditions

    Comparison of properties of
    three simple gases at STP

    9/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    The density of a gas

    density = m/V

    n = m/MM

    PV = nRT PV = (m/MM)RT

    m/V = MM P/RT

     The density of a gas is directly proportional to its molar mass.

     The density of a gas is inversely proportional to the temperature.

    10/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Exercise Example

    - How many grams of oxygen are in a container with volume 438 L at


    21°C if the pressure is 1.53 atm?
    PV=nRT n=PV/RT R = 0.0821 atm L / mole K
    T = 21 + 273 = 294 K
    n = 1.53 x 438 / 0.0821 x 294 = 27.8 moles
    mass O2 = 27.8 moles x MM = 27.8 moles x 32.00 = 890 g

    - What will be the pressure at 50°C?


    PV=nRT P = n R T/V
    T = 50 + 273 = 323 K
    P = 27.8 x 0.0821 x 323/438 = 1.68 atm

    11/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Exercises & Answers

    12/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Van der Waals equation of state for a real gas

    The van der Waals equation of state for a real gas is:

    where P is the pressure, V the volume, T the temperature, n the


    amount of substance (in moles), and R the gas constant.

    The van der Waals constants a and b are characteristic of the


    substance and are independent of temperature.

    13/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Van der Waals Constants for some common gases

    Exercise

    14/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Exercises & Answers

    85.682

    15/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Gas Mixtures (1/2)
     Gases are always mixable
    P V = n R T predicts how the pressure, volume, and temperature of a
    gas depend upon the number of moles of the gas. The number of
    moles, n, is the total moles of all the gas-phase species.

    Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure states that the pressure of a gas


    mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual
    components of the gas mixture.

    16/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Gas Mixtures (2/2)
    Ideally the ratio of partial pressures is the same as the ratio of
    molecules. That is, the molar fraction of an individual gas component
    in an ideal gas mixture can be expressed in terms of the component's
    partial pressure or the moles of the component.

    For the ideal gas law or Dalton’s law, one may infer that the pressure
    (or partial pressure) is proportional to the concentration of a
    component in the gas (at constant temperature).
    Pi = RT (ni/V)

    17/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES


    Exercises & Answers

    3) If 0.020 m3 of a gaseous mixture, constituted in volume by 45% of CO, 10% of N2


    and 45% of C2H6 are maintained at 30°C and 20 atm, how many grams of N2 are
    present?
    In the given gaseous mixture, are there some combustible gases? If yes, write the
    combustion reactions.
    [45.1 g]
    18/18 Practice lecture 6 – IDEAL GASES

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