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    Operatin System Assign

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    Waqas Ahmad
    The document discusses the differences between processes and threads, noting that a process contains program code and resources while threads are lightweight processes that share resources and can run independently within a process. It describes two types of threads - kernel-level threads that are recognized by the operating system and user-level threads that are not recognized by the OS and are managed by user applications. The types of threads are further explained, with kernel threads offering system calls for management and user threads being easier to implement but blocking the entire process if one blocks.

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    Operatin System Assign

    Uploaded by

    Waqas Ahmad
    4 views2 pages
    The document discusses the differences between processes and threads, noting that a process contains program code and resources while threads are lightweight processes that share resources and can run independently within a process. It describes two types of threads - kernel-level threads that are recognized by the operating system and user-level threads that are not recognized by the OS and are managed by user applications. The types of threads are further explained, with kernel threads offering system calls for management and user threads being easier to implement but blocking the entire process if one blocks.

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    The document discusses the differences between processes and threads, noting that a process contains program code and resources while threads are lightweight processes that share resources and can run independently within a process. It describes two types of threads - kernel-level threads that are recognized by the operating system and user-level threads that are not recognized by the OS and are managed by user applications. The types of threads are further explained, with kernel threads offering system calls for management and user threads being easier to implement but blocking the entire process if one blocks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4 views2 pages

    Operatin System Assign

    Uploaded by

    Waqas Ahmad
    The document discusses the differences between processes and threads, noting that a process contains program code and resources while threads are lightweight processes that share resources and can run independently within a process. It describes two types of threads - kernel-level threads that are recognized by the operating system and user-level threads that are not recognized by the OS and are managed by user applications. The types of threads are further explained, with kernel threads offering system calls for management and user threads being easier to implement but blocking the entire process if one blocks.

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    University Of Technology Nowshera

    Name : Muhammad Ibrar

    Reg No :NSR/21/IT/09

    Assinment No:01

    Q1.What is different between process and threads explai different types of threads?

    Process
    A process is an active program, i.e., a program that is under execution. It is more than the program
    code, as it includes the program counter, process stack, registers, program code etc. Compared to this,
    the program code is only the text section.
    When a computer program is triggered to execute, it does not run directly, but it first determines the
    steps required for execution of the program, and following these steps of execution is referred to as a
    process. An individual process takes its own memory space and does not share this space with other
    processes.
    Processes can be classified into two types namely – clone process and parent process. A clone
    process, also called a child process, is one which is created by another process, while the main
    process is one that is responsible for creating other processes to perform multiple tasks at a time is
    called as parent process.
    .
    Thread
    A thread is a lightweight process that can be managed independently by a scheduler. It improves the
    application performance using parallelism. A thread shares information like data segment, code
    segment, files etc. with its peer threads while it contains its own registers, stack, counter etc.
    A thread is basically a subpart of a large process. In a process, all the threads within it are interrelated
    to each other. A typical thread contains some information like data segment, code segment, etc. This
    information is being shared to their peer threads during execution.
    The most important feature of threads is that they share memory, data, resources, etc. with their peer
    threads within a process to which they belong. Also, all the threads within a process are required to be
    synchronized to avoid unexpected results.

    Types of Threads
    In the  there are two types of threads.
    1. Kernel level thread.
    2. User-level thread.

    Kernel level thread

    The kernel thread recognizes the operating system. There is a thread control block and process control
    block in the system for each thread and process in the kernel-level thread. The kernel-level thread is
    implemented by the operating system. The kernel knows about all the threads and manages them. The
    kernel-level thread offers a system call to create and manage the threads from user-space. The
    implementation of kernel threads is more difficult than the user thread. Context switch time is longer
    in the kernel thread. If a kernel thread performs a blocking operation, the Banky thread execution can
    continue. Example: Window Solaris.
    User-level thread

    The operating system does not recognize the user-level thread. User threads can be easily
    implemented and it is implemented by the user. If a user performs a user-level thread blocking
    operation, the whole process is blocked. The kernel level thread does not know nothing about the user
    level thread. The kernel-level thread manages user-level threads as if they are single-threaded
    processes?examples: Java thread, POSIX threads, etc.

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