WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

GRADE
MATHEMATICS
9

LEARNING QUARTER 3
MODULE WEEK
3

1
 MODULE IN
MATHEMATICS 9

QUARTER 3
WEEK 3

The Midline Theorem, Trapezoids and

Kites
Development Team
Writer: Joel Marnie S. Lorenzo
Editors/ Reviewers: Sherwin R. Andres Neva A. Manding Mark Joseph D. Pastor
Illustrator: Jeshimon C. Patoc
Lay-out Artist: Jonathan G. Pedro
Management Team:
Vilma D. Eda Arnel S. Bandiola
Lourdes B. Arucan Juanito V. Labao
Marlyn S. Ventura

2
 What I Need to Know

This module is designed to help you understand and prove the midline theorem and
theorems on trapezoids and kites.

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

• Proves the Midline Theorem
• Proves theorems on trapezoids and kites

Objectives:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. prove the Midline Theorem, and
2. prove theorems on trapezoids and kites.

What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of your answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. If the legs of a trapezoid are congruent, then the trapezoid is a/an _______________
trapezoid.
A. Equilateral B. Irregular
C. Isosceles D. Absolute

2. If MN is the midsegment of trapezoid ABCD, then MN ǁ AB, MN ǁ DC and

MN = ____(AB + CD)
1 1
A. B.
2 4
1 2
C. D.
3 3

For numbers 3-4, refer to the figure at the right.

Trapezoid EFGH with median IJ.

3. If HG=16 and EF=22, what is the measure of IJ?
A. 18 B. 19
C. 20 D. 21

4. If IJ= y+3, HG=14 and EF=18, what is the value of y?

A. 11 B. 12
C. 13 D. 14

5. Find m∡G in the given figure at the right.

A. 110 B. 130
C. 120 D. 140

3
 Lesson

1 THE MIDLINE THEOREM

What’s In

Activity 1: It’s Paperellelogram

Directions: Do the procedures below and answer the questions that follow.

Materials Needed: 4 pieces of short bond paper, pencil, ruler, adhesive tape, protractor, and
a pair of scissors

Procedure:

1. On a separate sheet of paper, trace and cut the triangle below.

2. In the triangle, choose a third side of the triangle and let’s name it as p. Mark each
midpoint of the other two sides then connect the midpoints to form a segment l.

• Does the segment l drawn look parallel to the third side p of the triangle?
___________________________________________________________________
3. Measure the segment drawn and the third side you chose.
• Compare the lengths of the segment drawn and the third side. What did you
observe?
___________________________________________________________________

4
 What’s New
The mid-segment of a triangle is a line that connects the midpoints of two of
the sides:

The Triangle Mid-segment Theorem states that the midsegment is parallel to the
third side, and its length is equal to half the length of the third
side. We will now prove this theorem, as well as a couple of
other related ones, and their converse theorems, as well.
Activity 1 has helped you discover The Midline Theorem
stated as follows:

Theorem 5: The segment that joins the midpoints of two sides of

a triangle is parallel to the third side and half as long.

Let us look into the given proof.

Given: ̅̅̅̅, E is the

ABC, D is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵
midpoint of 𝐴𝐶

1
Prove: ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 ǁ𝐵𝐶, 𝐷𝐸 = 2 ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶

Proof:
Statement Reason
1. ABC, D is the midpoint 1. Given
̅̅̅̅
of 𝐴𝐵 , E is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐶
2. ̅̅̅̅ = 𝐸𝐹
𝐷𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ 2. By construction
3. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐸 = 𝐸𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ 3. Given, DE is a midsegment
4. ∠AED ≅ ∠CEF 4. Vertical angles
5. ΔADE ≅ΔCFE 5. Side-Angle-Side (SAS) postulate
6. ∠DAE ≅ ∠FCE 6. Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles
are Congruent, (CPCTC)
̅̅̅̅||𝐶𝐹
7. 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ 7. Converse of Alternate Interior Angles
Theorem
̅̅̅̅ = 𝐶𝐹
8. 𝐴𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ 8. Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles
are Congruent, (CPCTC)
9. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 = ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐵 9. Given, DE is a midsegment
̅̅̅̅ = 𝐷𝐵
10. 𝐶𝐹 ̅̅̅̅ 10. the transitive property of equality (Statements
8 and 9)
11. DFCB is a parallelogram 11. Two opposite sides of a parallelogram,
̅̅̅̅ & 𝐷𝐵
𝐶𝐹 ̅̅̅̅, are equal and parallel
12. ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 ||𝐵𝐶̅̅̅̅ 12. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel
̅̅̅̅ ||𝐵𝐶
13. 𝐷𝐹 ̅̅̅̅ 13. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel
̅̅̅̅
14. 𝐷𝐸||𝐸𝐹 ̅̅̅̅ 14. Corresponding sides in congruent triangles,
(CPCTC)
1
15. 𝐷𝐸 = 2 ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐹 15. Division
1
16. 𝐷𝐸 = 2 ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 16. Substitution (Statement 13 and 15)

5
 We have just completed the proof of Midline Theorem. This theorem can be applied to
solve problems. Try the activity that follows

Solving a Problem Using the Midline Theorem

In ∆MCG, A and I are the midpoints of MG and GC, respectively.

Consider each given information and answer the questions that follow.

1. Given: AI = 10.5, what is MC?

Solution:
Solution Reason
1 Midsegment is parallel to the third side its length is
𝑀𝐶 = 𝐴𝐼
2
equal to half the length of the third side

𝑀𝐶 = 2 (𝐴𝐼) Multiplication Property of Equality

𝐴𝐼 = 10.5 Given

𝑀𝐶 = 2(10.5) ̅̅̅ = 10.5)

Substitution (𝐴𝐼

𝑀𝐶 = 21 Simplify

2. Given: AI = 3x− 2 and MC = 9x – 13, what is the value of x?

Solution Reason
1 Midsegment is parallel to the third side its length is
𝑀𝐶 = 𝐴𝐼
2
equal to half the length of the third side

𝑀𝐶 = 2 (𝐴𝐼) Multiplication Property of Equality

𝐴𝐼 = 3𝑥 − 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝐶 = 9𝑥 – 13 Given

9x – 13 = 2(3x − 2) Substitution (𝐴𝐼 = 3x− 2 and 𝑀𝐶 = 9x – 13)

9x – 13 = 6x − 4 Distributive Property

3x = 9 Subtract 6x and add 13 to both sides of the equation

𝑥=3 Divide both side by 3

What’s Is It
Another kind of quadrilateral that is equally important as parallelogram is the trapezoid.
A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides. The parallel sides of a
trapezoid are called the bases and the non-parallel sides are called the legs. The angles
formed by a base and a leg are called base angles.

The Mid-segment Theorem of Trapezoid

The triangle mid-segment theorem states that the line connecting the midpoints
of two sides of a triangle, called the mid-segment, is parallel to the third side, and its
length is equal to half the length of the third side.

6
 There is a similar theorem for trapezoids: a line connecting the midpoints of the
two legs of a trapezoid is parallel to the bases, and its length is equal to half the sum
of lengths of the bases.

• Theorem 6. The median of a trapezoid is parallel to each base and its length is one half
the sum of the lengths of the bases.

Consider the proof below

Given: Trapezoid ABCD, median

̅̅̅̅̅
MN

̅̅̅̅̅ ∥ 𝐴𝐵
Prove: 𝑀𝑁 ̅̅̅̅; 𝑀𝑁
̅̅̅̅̅ ∥ 𝐶𝐷
̅̅̅̅
1
𝑀𝑁 = (𝐴𝐵 + 𝐷𝐶)
2

Statements Reasons

1. 1. Given
Trapezoid ABCD, median ̅̅̅̅̅
MN

̅̅̅̅, extending until it

2. Draw 𝐴𝑁 2. Two points determine exactly one line.
̅̅̅̅ ,
intersects with extension of 𝐷𝐶
at P.

3. N is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅

𝐵𝐶 3. A median of a trapezoid joins the midpoints of the
̅̅̅̅
M is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐷 legs.

4. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝑁 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝐶 4. Midpoint of a segment forms two congruent
segments.
̅̅̅̅ ∥ 𝐷𝐶
5. 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ 5. Trapezoid has at least one pair of parallel sides.

6. ∠ABN≅∠PCN 6. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, the

alternate interior angles are congruent.

7. ∠ANB ∠PNC 7. Vertical angles are congruent.

8. ∆𝐴𝐵𝑁 ≅ ∆𝑃𝐶𝑁 8. ASA-if two angles and the included side of one
triangle are congruent to the corresponding parts
of other triangle, the triangles are congruent.

9. ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑁𝑃
𝐴𝑁 ̅̅̅̅; 𝐴𝐵
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝑃
̅̅̅̅ 9. CPCTC-Corresponding parts of congruent
triangles are congruent

10. N is midpoint of ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝑃 10. Midpoint of a segment forms two congruent
segments.

11. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑁 is mid-segment ΔADP 11. Mid-segment of triangle joins midpoints of two
sides of triangle.

12. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑁 ∥ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ )
𝐷𝑃 (𝐷𝐶 12. Mid-segment of triangle is parallel to the third side
of the triangle.

7
 ̅̅̅̅̅ ∥ 𝐴𝐵
13. 𝑀𝑁 ̅̅̅̅ 13. If two lines are parallel to the same line, they are
parallel to each other.

14. 𝑀𝑁 = ½ 𝐷𝑃; (2(𝑀𝑁) =DP) 14. Mid-segment of triangle =½ of 3rd side.

15. 𝐷𝑃 = 𝐶𝑃 + 𝐷𝐶 15. Segment Addition Postulate

16. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝑃 16. Congruent segments have equal lengths

17. 𝐷𝑃 = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐷𝐶 17. Substitution

18. 2(𝑀𝑁) = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐷𝐶 18. Substitution

19. 𝑀𝑁 = 1(𝐴𝐵 + 𝐷𝐶) 19. Division

2

This theorem can be applied to solve problems related to trapezoids. Try the activity that
follows.

Example 1

Find the value of x in the trapezoid at the right.

Solution:
Because we have been given the lengths of the bases of the
trapezoid, we can figure out what the length of the mid-segment should be.
Let's use the formula we have been given for the mid-segment to figure it
out. (Remember, it is one-half the sum of the bases.)

1
𝑀𝑖𝑑 − 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒1 + 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒2 )
2
1
= (21 + 27)
2
1
= (48)
2
= 24

So, now that we know that the mid-segment's length is 24, we can go ahead and
set 24 equal to 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏. The variable is solvable now as follows:

5𝑥 − 1 = 24
5𝑥 = 25
x= 5
Therefore, x is equal to 5.

8
Theorems on Isosceles Trapezoid

By definition, as long as a quadrilateral has exactly one pair of parallel lines, then the
quadrilateral is a trapezoid. The definition of an isosceles trapezoid adds another specification:
the legs of the trapezoid have to be congruent.

ABCD is not an isosceles trapezoid because AD and BC are not congruent. On the
other hand, trapezoid EFGH is an isosceles trapezoid because we can see in the figure that
EH and FG are congruent.

There are several theorems we can use to help us prove that a trapezoid is isosceles. These
theorems are listed below.

• Theorem 7. The base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.

• Theorem 8. Opposite angles of an isosceles trapezoid are supplementary.
• Theorem 9. The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.

Theorem 7. The base angles of an isosceles trapezoid

are congruent.

Given: ABCD is an isosceles trapezoid. AD = BC and

AB || CD.
Prove: 𝑚∠𝐶 = 𝑚∠𝐷

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. ABCD is a trapezoid. 1. Given
̅̅̅̅ || 𝐶𝐷
2. 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ 2. Given
3. 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐵𝐶 3. Given
4. ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐴 || ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐸 4. By construction
5. ADCE is a parallelogram. 5. By Properties of parallelogram.
6. 𝐷𝐴 = 𝐶𝐸 and 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐴𝐸 6. By properties of parallelogram.
7. 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐶𝐸 7. BC = AD and AD = CE (Transitive property)
8. If BC = CE then angle opposite to them are
8. ∠𝐶𝐸𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐶𝐵𝐸
congruent.

9
 9. ∠𝐷𝐴𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 9. Property of parallelogram and linear pair angles

10. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐵 10. By statement number 9

11. ∠𝐴 + ∠𝐷 = 180 𝑎𝑛𝑑 11. Interior angles on the same side of the
∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180 transversal are supplementary.
12. ∠𝐴 + ∠𝐷 = ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 12. Transitive Property of Equality

13. ∠𝐴 + ∠𝐷 = ∠𝐴 + ∠𝐶 13. By substitution (Statement 10 and 12)

14. 𝑚∠𝐶 = 𝑚∠𝐷 14. Addition Property of Equality (Statement 13)

This theorem can be applied to solve problems involving trapezoids. Try the activity
that follows.

Example 1: In a trapezoid PQRS, PQ ||RS and PS = QR. If ∠S

= 60 0 then find the remaining angles.

Solution:
PQ ∥ RS and PS = QR, so trapezoid PQRS is an isosceles trapezoid.
In isosceles trapezoid, base angles are equal. (Trapezoid and its theorems)
∠S = ∠R and ∠P = ∠Q
But ∠S = 60 0
∴ ∠R = 60 0
Let ∠P = ∠Q = x

Sum of all the angles in a quadrilateral is 360.

∴ ∠P + ∠Q + ∠S + ∠R = 360
x + x + 60 + 60 = 360
2x +120 = 360
2x = 360 -120
2x = 240
240
∴x=
2

x = 120
∠P = ∠Q = 120 0

10
 Theorem 8. Opposite angles of an isosceles trapezoid are supplementary.

Given: Isosceles trapezoid ABCD

Prove: ∠A and ∠C are supplementary
∠B and ∠D are supplementary

Statements Reasons

1. Isosceles trapezoid ABCD 1. Given

2. ∠D≅∠C; ∠A ≅∠B 2. An isosceles trapezoid is a trapezoid with

congruent base angles.
̅̅̅̅ ∥ 𝐴𝐵
3. 𝐷𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ 3. A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with at least 1 pair of
parallel sides.
4. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 are transversals of 4. A transversal is a line that passes through two
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐴𝐵
𝐷𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ lines in the same plane at two distinct points.

5. ∠D supplements ∠A 5. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, the

∠B supplements ∠C interior angles on the same side of transversal are
supplementary.
6. ∠A and ∠C are supplementary 6. Substitution
∠B and ∠D are supplementary

Like the previous theorems, this theorem can also be applied

in solving problems involving trapezoids. Try the activity that follows.

Find the value of y in the isosceles trapezoid at the right.

One quick way of solving for the value of y is by noting that an isosceles trapezoid has
a pair of opposite angles that are supplementary. Hence we simply get the supplement
of 64°, and we get:

∡𝑃 + ∡𝑅 = 180
64 + ∡𝑅 = 180
∡𝑅 = 116

Once we get to this point in our problem, we just set 116 equal to 4(3y+2) and solve for the
value of y.

∡𝑅 = 116
4(3𝑦 + 2) = 116
12𝑦 + 8 = 116
12𝑦 = 108
𝑦=9

11
Theorem 9. The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.

Given: Isosceles trapezoid ABCD

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐵𝐷
Prove: 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅

Statements Reasons
1. Isosceles 1. Given
trapezoid ABCD
2. Draw ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 2. By construction
3. ∠DAB≅∠CBA 3. Base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
4. ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐶 || ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 4. A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with at least 1 pair of
parallel sides.
5. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 5. An isosceles trapezoid has congruent legs.
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐵
6. 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ 6. Reflexive property.

7. ∆𝐴𝐶𝐵 ≅ ∆𝐵𝐷𝐴 7. SAS Triangle Congruence Postulate

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐵𝐷
8. 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ 8. Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are
Congruent (CPCTC)

This theorem can also be applied in solving problems involving trapezoids. Try the
activity that follows.

Example Problem 1 :
Trapezoid PQRS is an isosceles trapezoid.
Find m∠P, m∠Q and m∠R.

Solution:

Given: PQRS is an isosceles trapezoid.

According to theorem on trapezoids, each pair of base angles in an isosceles trapezoid
must be congruent.

So, we have m∠S = m∠R = 50°

Because ∠S and ∠P are consecutive interior angles formed by parallel lines, they are
supplementary.

So, we have m∠S + m∠P = 180°

Substitute m∠S = 50°.
50° + m∠P = 180°

Subtract 50° from both sides.

m∠P = 130°

12
 According to theorem on trapezoids, each pair of base angles in an isosceles trapezoid
must be congruent.

So, we have
m∠P = ∠Q = 130°

Hence,
∠P = 130°
∠Q = 130°
∠R = 50°

What’s More
Consider the figure at the right and answer the questions that follow.

Given: Quadrilateral MATH is an isosceles trapezoid with

bases MA and HT, LV is a median.

1. Given 𝐴𝐻 = 4𝑦 − 3; 𝑀𝑇 = 2𝑦 + 5
Questions:
• What is the value of y?
• How did you solve for y?
• How long is each diagonal?
• What theorem justifies your answer?

2. Given ∠𝐻𝑀𝐴 = 115

Questions:
• What is 𝑚∠𝑇𝐴𝑀?
• What theorem justifies your answer?

3. Given 𝑚∠𝑀𝐻𝑇 = 3𝑥 + 10; 𝑚∠𝑀𝐴𝑇 = 2𝑥 − 5

Questions:
• What is the value of x?
• How did you solve for x?
• What are the measures of the two angles?
• What theorems justifies your answer?

13
 What I Have Learned

Midline Theorem

• Theorem 5: The segment that joins the midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel
to the third side and half as long.

The Midsegment Theorem of Trapezoid

• Theorem 6. The median of a trapezoid is parallel to each base and its length is one
half the sum of the lengths of the bases.

Theorems on Isosceles Trapezoid

• Theorem 7. The base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
• Theorem 8. Opposite angles of an isosceles trapezoid are supplementary.
• Theorem 9. The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.

What I Can Do
Error Correction
Below is a sample of proving on theorems on rectangles. It has been answered for you.
Your job is to check for errors in the statement and reasons. If there are errors, do the
following table after the proof table.

1. Identify the errors

2. Correct the errors
3. Then explain why your correction is right.

Solve for y given quadrilateral MATH is an isosceles trapezoid

with bases MA and HT, LV is a median.
𝑀𝐴 = 3𝑦 − 2;
𝐻𝑇 = 2𝑦 + 4;
𝐿𝑉 = 8.5

Solution.
1
𝐿𝑉 = (𝑀𝐴 + 𝐻𝑇)
2
1
8.5 = [(3𝑦 + 2) + (2𝑦 + 4)]
2
1
8.5 = (5𝑦 + 2)
2
16 = (5𝑦 + 2)
15 = 5𝑦
3=𝑦

IDENTIFIED ERROR CORRECTION OF ERROR EXPLANATION OF ERROR

14
 Lesson

2 Theorems on Kite

What’s In

Activity 4: Cute Kite

Do the procedure below and answer the questions that follow.

Materials: bond paper, pencil, ruler, protractor, compass and straightedge

Procedure:

1. Draw kite CUTE where

2. ̅̅̅̅
𝑈𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑈𝑇 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐸 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐸 like what is shown at the right.
Consider diagonals CT and UE that meet at X
3. Use a protractor to measure each of angles with vertex.
Record your findings in the table below.
4. Use a ruler to measure the indicated segments and record your findings in the table
below.

What to measure CXU UXT EXT CXE ̅̅̅̅

𝐶𝑋 ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑇

Measurement

Questions:

1. What do you observe about the measures of the angles above?

2. How are diagonals related to each other?
3. Make an observation about the diagonals of a kite based on the angles formed.
Explain your answer.
4. Compare the lengths of the segments given above. What do you see?
5. What does UE do to CT at X? Why?
6. Make a conclusion about the diagonals of a kite based on the pair of congruent
segments formed. Explain your answer.

15
 What’s New

You’ve just applied the different theorems concerning trapezoids. Now, you will prove
another set of theorems this time concerning kites. Have you ever experienced making a kite?
Have you tried joining a kite festival in your community?

A kite is defined as quadrilateral with two pairs of congruent adjacent sides. Note that
a rhombus (where all adjacent sides are equal) is a special kind of kite.

Theorems about the Kites

Theorem 10. If a quadrilateral is a kite, it has one diagonal that bisects the other diagonal.

Theorem 11. If a quadrilateral is a kite, then its diagonals are perpendicular.

Let us take a look on the given proof of theorem 11.

Given: Kite ABCD

̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐴𝐶
Prove: 𝐵𝐷 ̅̅̅̅

Statements Reasons
1. Kite ABCD 1. Given
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐵𝐶
2. 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ ; 𝐴𝐷
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐷
̅̅̅̅ 2. A kite is defined as quadrilateral with two pairs of
congruent adjacent sides
3. Draw ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 3. By construction
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐵𝐷
4. 𝐵𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ 4. Reflexive property.

5. ∆𝐵𝐴𝐷 ≅ ∆𝐵𝐶𝐷 5. SSS - if three sides of one triangle are congruent to

the corresponding parts of other triangle, then the
triangles are congruent.
6. ∠ABD ≅ ∠CBD 6. CPCTC-corresponding parts of congruent triangles
are congruent
7. ̅̅̅̅
BE ≅ ̅̅̅̅
BE 7. Reflexive property.

8. ∆𝐵𝐴𝐸 ≅ ∆𝐵𝐶𝐸 8. SAS - if two sides and the included angle of one
triangle are congruent to the corresponding parts of
other triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

16
 9. ∠BEA ≅ ∠BEC 9. CPCTC- corresponding parts of congruent
triangles are congruent

10. ∠BEA and ∠BEC are 10. Angles forming a linear pair are supplementary.
supplementary
11. m∠BEA + m∠BEC = 180 11. Supplementary angles are two angles whose angle
measures add to 180º.
12. m∠BEA + m∠BEA = 180 12. By substitution
13. 2m∠BEA = 180 13. Add (or combine like terms).
14. m∠BEA = 90 14. Multiplication Property of Equality
15. ∠BEA is a right angle 15. A right angle has a measure of 90º.
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐴𝐶
16. 𝐵𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ 16. Perpendicular lines form right angles.

This theorem can be applied to solve problems involving kites. Try the activity that
follows.

Example 1. In the kite WXYZ shown below, find the length

of each side.

Solution:
Because WXYZ is a kite, the diagonals are
perpendicular. We can use Pythagorean Theorem to find the
side lengths.

In the kite WXYZ shown above, let us consider the triangle part WUZ.

Because the diagonals WY and XZ are perpendicular and they intersect at U, angle U
is a right angle.

So, WUZ is a right triangle.

By Pythagorean Theorem, we have

WZ2 = WU2 + UZ2
Extracting both sides of the equation, we have:
√𝑊𝑍 2 = √(𝑊𝑈 2 + 𝑈𝑍 2 )
𝑊𝑍 = √(20) 2 + (122 )
𝑊𝑍 = √(400 + 144
𝑊𝑍 = √544
𝑊𝑍 ≈ 23.32

Similarly, in the right triangle triangle YUZ, we have

𝑌𝑍 2 = 𝑌𝑈 2 + 𝑈𝑍 2
Extracting both sides of the equation, we have:
√𝑌𝑍 2 = √𝑌𝑈 2 + 𝑈𝑍 2
𝑌𝑍 = √122 + 122
𝑌𝑍 = √144 + 144
𝑌𝑍 = √288
𝑌𝑍 ≈ 16.97

17
 We know that a kite is a quadrilateral that has two pairs of consecutive congruent sides,
but opposite sides are not congruent.

So, in the kite WXYZ shown above, we have

̅̅̅̅̅
𝑊𝑋 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑊𝑍
̅̅̅̅ ≅
𝑌𝑋 ̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑍
Hence, we have
𝑊𝑋 = 𝑊𝑍 ≈ 23.32
𝑌𝑋 = 𝑌𝑍 ≈ 16.97

What Is It

Solving Problems Involving Kites

Find 𝑚∠𝐺 and 𝑚∠𝐽 in the diagram shown at the right.

Solution:

The quadrilateral GHJK shown at the right has two pairs

of consecutive congruent sides, but opposite sides are not
congruent.

So, the quadrilateral GHJK is a kite.

By definition, exactly one pair of opposite angles of a kite are congruent.

But, in the diagram shown above, the pair of 𝑚∠𝐻 and 𝑚∠𝐾 are not congruent.

Then, the pair of 𝑚∠𝐺 and 𝑚∠𝐽 must be congruent.

That is,

𝑚∠𝐺 = 𝑚∠𝐽

Let , 𝑚∠𝐺 = 𝑚∠𝐽 = 𝑥°

We know that the four angles of a quadrilateral add up to 360°.

So, we have
𝑚∠𝐺 + 𝑚∠𝐻 + 𝑚∠𝐽 + 𝑚∠𝐾 = 360°
𝑥° + 132° + 𝑥° + 60° = 360°
Simplify.
2𝑥° + 192° = 360°

18
Subtract 192° from both sides.
2𝑥° + 192° = 360°
2𝑥° = 168°
Divide both sides by 2.
𝑥° = 84°
Hence, we have
𝑚∠𝐺 = 𝑚∠𝐽 = 84°

What’s More

Consider kite KLMN on the right.

1. Name the pairs of congruent and adjacent sides.

2. If LM=6, what is MN?
3. If KN =10.5, what is KL?
4. If 𝑚∠3 = 31, what is 𝑚∠𝐿𝑀𝑁
5. If 𝑚∠𝐿𝐾𝑁 = 39, what is ∠𝑀𝐾𝑁?

What I Have Learned

Theorems on Kite

Theorem 10. In a kite, perpendicular bisector of least one diagonal is the other diagonal

Theorem 11. The area of a kite is half the product of the lengths of its diagonals.

What I Can Do

Given kite CROP, find the following:

a. x
b. y
c. ∡𝑅𝑂𝑃
d. ∡𝑃𝐶𝑅

19
 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of your answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The ____________ of a triangle is a line that connects the midpoints of two of

the sides.
A. median B. midline
C. mid-segment D. center line

2. In the given trapezoid at the right, find the value of x.

A.2 B. 4
C. 3 D. 5

3. Given the trapezoid at the right, what is the value of the mid-segment
A.36
B. 50
C. 36 or 50
D. cannot be determined

4. Given trapezoid PQRS, ̅̅̅̅

𝑃𝑄 ∥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑅 and
̅̅̅̅̅ is the mid − segment, find 𝑀𝑁
𝑀𝑁 ̅̅̅̅̅.
A. 15
B. 20
C. 25
D. 30

5. If a quadrilateral is a kite, then its diagonals are __________________.

A. congruent B. perpendicular
C. proportional D. parallel

20
Answer Key

21
22
References
Bryant, Meyden, et al. Mathematics Grade 9- Learner’s Material. first edition ed., 5th Floor
Mabini Building, DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines, Vibal Group,
Inc., 2014.

Online Resources
“Trapezoid and Its Theorems.” Ask-Math.com, www.ask-math.com/trapezoid-and-its-
theorems.html.
“Properties of Trapezoids and Kites | Wyzant Resources.” Www.wyzant.com,
www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/math/geometry/quadrilaterals/trapezoids_and_kites .
“Answer Box.” Mathbitsnotebook.com,
mathbitsnotebook.com/Geometry/Quadrilaterals/ThIsos3Pf.html. Accessed 12 Mar. 2021.

“Trapezoids and Kites Worksheet.” Onlinemath4all, 2021, www.onlinemath4all.com/trapezoids-

and-kites-worksheet.html.

23