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General Studies-I | 15 Jun 2022

(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society)

Indian Culture - Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern
times.
Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant
events, personalities, issues.
The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different
parts of the country.
Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country.
History of the World will include events from 18th century such as Industrial Revolution, world wars,
Redrawal of National Boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, political philosophies like
Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
Role of Women and Women’s Organization, Population and Associated Issues, Poverty and
Developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
Effects of Globalization on Indian society.
Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism & Secularism.
Salient features of World’s Physical Geography.
Distribution of Key Natural Resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-
continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in
various parts of the world (including India).
Important Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.,
geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-
bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

Art & Culture

Indian Culture - Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern
times
Indian Art Forms Bhakti & Sufi Movements
Spread of Bhakti and Sufi Movements
Indian Paintings Women Poets of Bhakti
Mural Paintings
Miniature Paintings Literature
Mughal, Rajput, Pahari Paintings
Dances in India Classical Sanskrit Literature
Classical Dance Forms Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas
Folk Dance Forms Books written by Kalidasa, Vishakhadatta etc
Modern Dance Ancient Buddhist Literature
Music Ancient Jainism Literature
Classical Music Early Dravidian Literature (eg Sangam Period)
Folk Music Medieval Literature
Puppetry Trends in Medieval Literature
String Puppets Modern Indian Literature
Shadow Puppets
Rod Puppets Architecture
Glove puppets
Modern Puppetry Harappan Architecture
Tribal Puppetry Mauryan Architecture
Pottery Post-Mauryan Period Gupta Period
Ochre Coloured Pottery(OCP) Temple Architecture
Black and Red Ware (BRW) Nagara Style
Painted Grey Ware (PGW) Dravida Style
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Northern Black Polished Ware Vesara Style

(NBPW) Cave Architecture
Glazed and Unglazed Pottery Buddhist Cave
Drama/Theatre Jaina Caves
Classical Sanskrit Theatre Gupta Period Caves
Regional Theatre Medieval and Indo-Islamic Architecture
Modern Theatre Imperial Style Delhi Sultanate
Martial Arts Provincial Style
Thang Ta Mughal Style
Gatka Sikh Style of Architecture
Kalaripayattu Rajput Architecture
Mallakhamb Salient features
Silambam Colonial Architecture & Modern Architecture
Other Important Martial Arts European Influence
Visual Art Indo-Saracenic Architecture
Sculptures of Harappan Civilization Post-Independence Period
Sculptures of the Mauryan Age Contribution of Buddhism & Jainism to the
Post-Mauryan Period Development of Indian Architecture
Jain Sculptures Rock Cut Architecture
Buddhist Sculpture South Indian
Gupta Sculpture Western Indian
Medieval School of Sculpture Eastern Indian
Modern Indian Sculpture

Ancient History
Pre-Historic Post-Mauryan India  

Stone Age  Arrival of Indo-Greeks, Shakas, Parthians &

Chalcolithic Age  Kushana 
Iron Age  Satavahanas and Other Indigenous Dynasties 
Schools of Art: Gandhara; Mathura; Amravati 
Indus Valley Civilization (IVC)  Imperial Guptas 
Political history of Guptas  
Town Planning  Gupta Administration  
Harappan Society  Development of Art & Culture 
Characteristics of Major Centers  Age of Golden age 
Harappan Art & Architecture  Economic Conditions  
Decline of Harappan Culture  Urban centres in Gupta period 
Harshavardana 
Sources for Harsha’s Period  
Vedic Society  Early life of Harsha 
Harsha’s Administration 
Original Home of Aryans  Important Officials of the empire 
Socio- Economic Characters of Vedic
Economy under Harsha 
Society 
Huen Tsang 
Vedic Literature  Society 
Social Organization and Varna System   Religion 
Religion and Thought  The Southern Dynasties 
Satavahanas (230 BC TO AD 225)  
Pre-Mauryan Period  Pallavas (AD 330–796)  
Chalukyas (AD 535–1190) 
Mahajanpadas  Pandyas of Madurai (AD 590–1323)  
Haryanka dynasty   Chola Dynasty (AD 850–1310)  
Shishunaga dynasty   Rashtrakutas (AD 753–973)  
Nanda dynasty 
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Jainism and Buddhism 

Gautam Buddha 
Mahavira  
Growth of Jainism and Buddhism

Mauryan Empire 

Chandragupta and Bindusara  

Arthasastra (Book by Kautilya) 
Megasthenes 
Asoka and His Successors  
Asoka’s Inscriptions and Sites  
Asoka’ a Dhamma  
Mauryan. Administration, Economy, Society
and Art 
Decline of Maurya 

Medieval History
Delhi Sultanate  Sur Dynasties
Slave (Ghulam) or Mamluk Dynasty  Maratha Empire
Khilji Dynasty 
Tughluq dynasty  Deccan Sultanate 
Sayyid Dynasty 
Lodi dynasty 
Ahmednagar Sultanate 
Bijapur Sultanate 
Struggle for Empire in North India Berar Sultanate 
(Afghans, Rajputs and Mughals)  Golconda Sultanate 
Bidar Sultanate 
Mughals 
Babur 
Humayun 
Akbar 
Jahangir 
Shah Jahan 
Aurangzeb 
Later Mughals 
Decline of Mughal Empire 

Modern History
Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant
events, personalities, issues

The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of
the country
Important Modern History Events Before Beginning of Mass Nationalism (1919-1939) 
1857 
Mahatma Gandhi – His Ideas & Leadership
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Mahatma Gandhi His Ideas & Leadership 
Later Mughals   Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms 
Regional powers in 18th  Century   Rowlatt Act, Satyagrah and Jallianwala Bagh
Carnatic Wars  Massacre 
Battle of Plassey & Buxar   Non-cooperation & Khilafat Movement 
Anglo-Mysore War   Swarajists & No-Changers 
Anglo Punjab War   Emergence of New Forces – Socialistic Ideas,
Socio-economic Condition of People  Youth & Trade Unionism 
European Penetration of India  Revolutionary Activity 
British Conquest of India  Simon Commission & Nehru Report 
British Policies & Their Impact – Economic, Civil Disobedience Movement 
Administrative & Socio-cultural  Round Table Conferences 
Socio-cultural Reform Movements  Communal Award & Poona Pact 
Uprisings Against British Pre-1857  Participation in Elections to Central Legislature
(1934) & Provincial Assemblies (1937) 
Revolt of 1857  Government of India Act, 1935 

Causes, Leaders, and Nature of revolt of Towards Freedom & Partition (1939-1947) 
1857  
Suppression of revolt of 1857   National Movement During World War II 
Consequences of Revolt of 1857  August Offer 
Act of Good Governance 1858  Individual Satyagraha 
Growth of Communalism 
Growth of Nationalism in India (1858- Peasant Movements 
1905)  State People’s Struggle 
Cripps Mission 
Quit India Movement 
Political, Economic & Administrative
Wavell Plan 
Unification of the Country  INA & Subhash Chandra Bose 
Role of Western Education 
Cabinet Mission 
Role of Press  Nationalist Upsurge Post-World War II 
Rediscovery of India’s Past 
Independence with Partition 
Early Political Movements 
Formation of INC 
Era of Moderates 

Growth of Militant Nationalism &

Revolutionary Activities (1905-1918) 
Swadeshi & Boycott Movement 
Surat Split 
International Influence 
Morley – Minto Reforms 
Growth of Communalism 

Post-Independence India
Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country
Nation Building Polity

Partition and Its Aftermath Era of One-Party Dominance

Integration of Princely States Emergence of Opposition Parties
Linguistic Regionalism in India Emergency: Crisis of Democratic Order
Reorganisation of States Rise of Regional Parties
Issue of Official Language Coalition Era

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Tribal Consolidation Social

Regional Aspirations
Popular Movements
Foreign Policy Communalism
Indian Women Since Independence
Non-Aligned Movement Issue of Women and Evolution of Women
Panchsheel Movement
Wars with Pakistan & China Naxalism
Nuclear Policy
Post-Independence Policy of Science And
Economy Technology
Planned Development India’s Policy in the Field of the Science and
Green Revolution, Operation Flood & Technology
Cooperatives Impact of Economic Reform on the Science and
Agrarian & Land Reforms Technology in India
Industrial Reforms
LPG Reforms

World History
History of the World will include events from 18th century such as Industrial Revolution, world wars,
Redrawal of National Boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, political philosophies like
Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society
Beginning of the Modern World World Between the Two Wars

Renaissance Europe After the War – Fascism & Nazism

Discovery of Sea Routes The Great Depression
Reformation Emergence of Soviet Union
Counter Reformation Nationalist Movements in Asia & Africa
Industrial Revolution US as a Strong Power
European Nations Settle North America
Rise of Slave Trade World War II
American War of Independence
Foundation of American Colonies Fascist Aggression & Response of Western
The Independence of United States of Democracies
America Outbreak of the War
The American Revolutionary War Theatres of the War
What was the impact of American US Entry into the War
Revolution? Global Nature of the War
US Civil War The Holocaust
Impact of Civil War on USA Resistance Movements
Global Impact of US Civil War After-effects of the War
Impact on India
French Revolution
Causes
Decolonialisation & Redrawal of National
The revolution in France Boundaries
France under Napoleon
Impact of revolution Europe after World War II
Significance of revolution Cold War
Nationalism in Europe Rise of Asia & Africa
Rise of the nation- state system Developments in West Asia & North Africa
Unification of Italy Spread of Communism
Unification of Germany Korean War
Vietnam War
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Rise of Capitalism, Colonialism & Cuban Crisis

Imperialism Collapse of Soviet Union
Colonialism
The age of Imperialism (1870-1914) Concept, Types & Social Impact of Political
Imperialism in Asia Philosophies
Analysis of Colonialism
Communism
World War I Capitalism
Socialism
Causes of the War
Scope & Course of the War
Russian Revolution
Major events in pre-revolution Russia
Causes
Course of revolution
Consequences
Aftermath of the war
Post-Lenin Russia
End of the War & Peace Treaties
Consequences of the War
League of Nations

Indian Society
Salient features of Indian Society, Effects of Globalization on Indian society
Diversity of India
Understanding Globalisation – Its Different
Features of Indian society Dimensions
Diversity (Types – caste, linguistic, social and Globalisation & Culture - Homogenisation vs.
religious, race, tribe and ethnicity, culture) Glocalisation
Challenges posed by Diversity Factors Driving Globalisation
Unity Globalisation & India
Pluralism Impact of Globalisation on India - Socio-
Unity in Diversity cultural, economic, on women, agrarian sector
Inequality and Exclusion etc.
Family System Does Globalisation cause Poverty?
Examples of above.
Social Empowerment
Role of Women and Women’s
Organization Which are the Socially Disadvantaged Groups?
Meaning and concept of social empowerment
Women’s organizations in Indian history Dimensions of Social Empowerment
Types of women’s organizations Why do we need social empowerment?
Government Initiatives to Aide Social
Level of penetration
Empowerment
19th Century Social Reform Movements and Empowerment in reality and India’s experience
Early Women's Organisations –
Agrarian Struggles and Revolt
Participation in Freedom Struggle
Communalism
Women’s organization (With Examples)
Problems faced by women’s organizations Communalism – Its Characteristics
Is a larger vocal role possible and ways to Communalism in India in the Past
achieve the same Communalism in Contemporqary India
Role of SHGs, Micro finance Institution Causes of Communalism
Consequences of Communalism
Measures to Control & Eradicate Communalism
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Population and Associated Issues Secularism as an Antidote to Communalism

Basic Demography of India Regionalism

Population Trends in India and their
Implications Concept of Region & Regionalism
Causes and Effects of Over Population Different Forms of Regionalism
Challenges of Population Explosion Regionalism in India
Changing Age Structure of Indian Population Causes of Regionalism
Demogarphic Dividend: Boon or Bane for Concept of 'Sons of Soil'
India Consequences of Regionalism
Population Aging in India Federalism & Regionalism
India's Population Policy & Initiatives Role of Regional Parties
Measures to Contain Regionalism
Poverty and Developmental Issues Regionalism in the International Sphere

Concept of Development and Poverty Secularism

Types of Poverty
Measurement of Poverty – Poverty Line Concept of Secularism
Causes of Poverty Indian Model of Secularism
Poverty as a Social Problem Secularism in India
Socio-economic Spread of Poverty Nature & Practice of Secularism in India
Consequences of Poverty – Uniform Civil Code
Inequality Challenges faced by Secularism in India
Continuation of Vicious Cycle Measures to Make India Truly Secular
Who is worst affected by poverty?
Problem of Rising Urban Poverty
Poverty Alleviation Initiatives
Policy shifts from “Trickle Down” Economics
to Inclusive or Pro-poor Development to
Reduce Poverty
Relation between Poverty Reduction and
Development: Poverty-Inequality-
Development Nexus

Urbanization, their problems and their

remedies

Urbanisation Trends in India and Their

Implications - Demographic and Social
Dimensions
Factors Driving Urbanisation
State of Service Delivery and Challeges posed
by Urbanisation
Problems of Urban Areas
Social Consequences of Urbanisation
Impact of Urbanisation in Rural Areas
Urban Planning and Role of Urban Local
Bodies (ULBs)
Reforms Required and Government Initiatives
Taken So Far
Problems of Slums

World and Indian Geography

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Salient features of World’s Physical Important Geophysical Phenomena such as

Geography earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity,
cyclone etc., geographical features and their
Geomorphology location-changes in critical geographical
Origin & Evolution of Earth
Interior of the Earth features (including Water-bodies and Ice-
Distribution of Continents & Oceans caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects
Plate Tectonic Theory of such changes
Distribution of Earthquakes &
Volcanoes Earthquakes
Rocks & Rock Cycle Why Does Earth Shake?
Geomorphic Processes – Endogenic & Earthquake Waves
Exogenic Shadow Zone
Landforms & their Evolution Types of Earthquake
Geological Time Scale Measuring Earthquake
Oceanography Effects of Earthquake
Hydrological Cycle Tsunami
Seafloor Spreading What Causes Tsunami
Ocean Floor Configuration Effect of Tsunami
Temperature & Salinity of Oceans Mitigating the Impact of Tsunami
Movement of Oceans – Waves, Tides, Volcanoes
Currents Types of Volcanoes
Climatology What Causes Volcanoes?
Earth’s Atmosphere – Composition & Volcanic Landforms
Structure Intrusive volcanic Landforms
Solar Radiation, Heat Budget & Extrusive Volcanic Landforms
Temperature Distribution of Volcanoes
Atmospheric Circulation & Weather Cyclone
Systems Tropical Cyclones
World Climate (examples) Anti-Cyclone
Soil Geography Extra Tropical Cyclones
Soil & Soil Contents Factors Causing Changes in Critical
Process of Soil Formation Geographical Features
Soil Forming Factors Examples of Changing Geographical Features -
Types of Soils (examples) Melting of Ice Sheets, Desertification etc.
Soil Erosion & Conservation Impact of Changing Geographical Features
Physical Geography of India
Distribution of Key Natural Resources Physiography of India
across the world (including South Asia Drainage System
Climate
and the Indian sub-continent) Soils in India
Natural Vegetation
Types of Resources Human Geography
On the Basis of Origin, Ownership, Demography
Exhaustability etc. Urbanization
Land Resources Census
Land Utilisation Economic Geography
Land Use Pattern Agriculture
Land Degradation & Conservation Mineral resource
Forest Resources Energy resources
Types & Distribution – Grasslands, Industry
Forests etc. Transport and Communication
Causes of Depletion
Conservation of Forests
Water Resources
Marine & Freshwater

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Water Scarcity & Need For

Conservation
Integrated Water Resources
Management
Agricultural Resources
Types of Farming
Cropping Patterns
Contribution to Economy, Employment
& Output
Food Security
Mineral & Energy Resources
Classification of Minerals – Ferrous &
Non-Ferrous
Occurrence of Minerals
Conservation of Minerals
Classification of Energy Resources –
Conventional & Non-Conventional
Occurrence of Energy Resources
Conservation of Energy Resources

Factors responsible for the location of

primary, secondary, and tertiary sector
industries in various parts of the world
(including India)
Classification of Industries
Location & Distribution of the Industries on
the Basis of
Raw Material
Labour
Market
Capital
Land
Grants & Financial Incentives
Power
Transport
Water
Communication
Distribution of Major Industries – Iron &
Steel, IT, Cotton Textile
Agglomeration & Footloose Industries

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