Management Approaches and Control Techniques

School of Graduate Studies

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Author’s First Name Middle Initial Last Name1, Font Size: 11 Times New Roman2,
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Position, Institutional Affiliation, Department / Name of Organization/ School
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Font Size 10, Times New Roman, Italic
3Uppercase and lowercase letters, centered on the line II. following
HEADINGS theAND
author/s
SUBHEADINGS
Abstract— Font size: 10, Times New Roman, Bold. Main headings shall include The Problem,
Theoretical Framework, Discussion, and Conclusion.
The abstract is one paragraph, self-contained
Subheadings must be in italic form, Times New
abstract of the most important elements of the
Roman, 10. It must be listed in capital letters.
paper. The abstract word limit is typically
between 150 and 250 words. All numbers in the
abstract (except those beginning a sentence) III. TABLES AND FIGURES
should be typed as digits rather than words. Do
Positioning Figures and Tables: Table heads
not use special characters, symbols, or math in
should appear above the tables in capital letters.
your title or abstract.
Figure captions should be below the figures in
uppercase and lowercase letters. Insert figures and
I. INTRODUCTION (HEADING 1) tables after they are cited in the text. Use the
abbreviation “Fig. 1”, even at the beginning of a
The introduction begins after the keywords of the
sentence.
research paper.
General Guidelines. All manuscripts must be in
English. The journal adapts the international TABLE I. TABLE TYPE STYLES
publication format (APA Style). Margins. Left: 1.5 Table Table Column Head
inches, Right: 0.75 inch, Top and Bottom: 1 inch.. Table column
Head Subhead Subhead
Font Size and Type: 10-pt. Times New Roman subhead
unless specified throughout the paper including copy More table copya
captions and table heads. Line Spacing: Single space a. Sample of a Table footnote. (Table footnote)
throughout the paper. Alignment: Justify, aligning
both the left and the right margins. Maximum
number of Pages should be 15. Paragraph A common use of Figures is to present graphs,
Indentation: 6 spaces. Boldface is used for photographs, or other illustrations (other than
emphasis. Indicate in bold form in highlighting on tables).
the manuscript. Active voice: As a general rule, use Figures should be of good quality. Labels of
the active voice rather than passive voice. For Figures should be of such size that is still legible.
example, use “We predicted that …” rather than “It
was predicted that … “
Abbreviations and acronyms. Define
abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are Figure 1. Captions of figures should be as short as
used in the text, even after they have been defined in possible and should be understandable without
the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, MKS, referring to the text. Centered uppercase and
CGS, sc, dc, and rms do not have to be defined. Do lowercase letter.
not use abbreviations in the title or heads unless they
are unavoidable.

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 Management Approaches and Control Techniques
School of Graduate Studies
Mindanao State University
General Santos City
__________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. TEXT CITATIONS AND QUOTATIONS e) When a source that has six or more authors is
cited, the first author’s surname and “et al.”
A. Text Citations
are used every time the source is cited
a) If no author is identified, use the first few (including the first time).
words of the title in place of the author. If no f) Every effort should be made to cite only
date is provided use “n.d.” in place of the date. sources that you have actually read. When it is
Consider the following When the names of the necessary to cite a source that you have not
authors of a source are part of the formal read (“Grayson” in the following example)
structure of the sentence, the year of that is cited in a source that you have read
publication appears in parentheses following (“Murzynski & Degelman” in the following
the identification of the authors. Consider the example), use the following format for the text
following example: citation and list only the source you have read
Wirth and Mitchell (1994) found that in the References list:
although there was a reduction in insulin Grayson (as cited in Murzynski &
dosage over a period of two weeks in the Degelman, 1996) identified four components
treatment condition compared to the control of body language that were related to
condition, the difference was not statistically judgments of vulnerability.
significant. g) To cite a personal communication (including
b) When the authors of a source are not part of letters, emails, and telephone interviews),
the formal structure of the sentence, both the include initials, surname, and as exact a date as
authors and year of publication appear in possible. Because a personal communication is
parentheses. Consider the following example: not “recoverable” information, it is not
Reviews of research on religion and health included in the References section. For the text
have concluded that at least some types of citation, use the following format:
religious behaviors are related to higher levels B.F. Skinner (personal communication,
of physical and mental health (Gartner, February 12, 1978) claimed …
Larson, & Allen, 1991; Koenig, 1990; Levin & h) To cite a Web document, use the author-date
Vanderpool, 1991; Maton & Pargament, 1987; examples: Degelman (2009) summarizes
Paloma & Pendleton, 1991; Payne, Bergin, guidelines for the use of APA writing style.
Bielema & Jenkins, 1991) Changes in Americans’ views of gender
[Note: & is used when multiple authors are status differences have been documented
identified in parenthetical material. Note also (Gender and Society, n.d.)
that when several sources are cited i) To cite the Bible, provide the book, chapter
parenthetically, they are ordered alphabetically and verse. The first time the Bible is cited in
by first authors’ surnames and separated by the text, identify the version used. Consider
semicolons.] the following example:
c) When a source that has two authors is cited, “You are forgiving and good, O lord,
both authors are included every time the abounding in love to all who call to you”
source is cited. (Psalm 86:5, New International Version).
d) When a source that has three, four, or five [Note: No entry in the References list is
authors is cited, all authors are included the needed for the Bible.]
first time that source is cited. When that source
is cited again, the first author’s surname and B. Quotations:
“et al.” are used. Consider the following When a direct quotation is used, always include
example: the author, year, and page number as part of the
Reviews of the research on religion and citation.
health have concluded that at least some types a) A quotation of fewer than 40 words
of religious behaviors are related to higher should be enclosed in double quotation
levels of physical and mental health (Payne, marks and should be incorporated into
Bergin, Bielema, & Jenkins, 1991). the formal structure of the sentence.
Payne at al. (1991) showed that … b) Consider the following example:

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 Management Approaches and Control Techniques
School of Graduate Studies
Mindanao State University
General Santos City
__________________________________________________________________________________________

c) Patients receiving prayer had “less needed. Do not include the date of retrieval.] Aldridge,
congestive heart failure, required less D. (1991). Spirituality, healing and medicine. British
diuretic and antibiotic therapy, had fewer Journal of General Practice, 41, 425-427. Retrieved
from http://www.rcgp.org.uk/publications/bjgp.aspx
episodes of pneumonia, had fewer
Book Paloutzian, R.F. (1996). Invitation to the psychology
cardiac arrests, and were less frequently of religion (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
intubated and ventilated” (Byrd, 1988, Informally published Web document Degelman, D.
p.829). (2009). APA style essentials.
d) K. A lengthier quotation of 40 or more Informally published Wed document (no date) Nielsen,
words should appear (without quotation M.E. (n.d.). Notable people in psychology of religion.
marks) apart from the surrounding text, Retrieved from
in block format, with each line indented http://www.psywww.com/psyrelig/psyrelpr.html
five spaces from the left margin. Informally published Wed document (no author, no
date) Gender and society. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.trinity.edu/~mkearl/gender.html
V. REFERENCES Abstract from secondary database Garrity, K., &
Degelman, D. (1990). Effect of server introduction on
References in the text should be cited with the authors’ restaurant tipping. Journal of Applied Social
names and date of publication. Psychology, 20, 168-172. Abstract retrieved from
The list of references should be unnumbered and arranged PsycINFO database.
alphabetically and, for the same author, chronologically. Article or chapter in an edited book Shea, J.D. (1992).
Format: Times New Roman, Font Size 9, The references Religion and sexual adjustment. In J. F. Schumaker
(with hanging indent) begin on the line following the (Ed.), Religion and mental health (pp. 70-84).New
References heading. Entries are organized York, NY: Oxford University Press.
alphabetically by surnames of first authors. Most Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
reference entries have the following components: American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic
Authors: Authors are listed in the same order as specified in and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text
the source, using surnames and initials. Commas rev.). Washington, DC: Author
separate all authors. When there are eight or more
authors, list the first six authors followed by three
ellipses (…) and then the final author. If no author is
identified, the title of the document begins the
reference.
Year of Publication: In parentheses following authors, with
a period following the closing parenthesis. If no
publication date is identified, use “n.d.” in parentheses
following the authors.
Source Reference: Includes title, journal, volume, pages
(for journal article) or title, city of publication,
publisher (for book). Italicize titles of the books, titles
of periodicals, and periodical volume numbers.
Electronic Retrieval Information: Electronic retrieval
information may include digital objectifiers (DOIs) or
uniform resource locators (URLs). DOIs are unique
alphanumeric identifiers that lead users to digital source
materias
Journal article with DOI Murzynski, J., & degelman, D.
(1996). Body language of women and judgments of
vulnerability to sexual assault. Journal of Applied
Social Psychology, 26, 1617-1628. Doi:10.1111/j.1559-
1818.1996.tb00088.x
Journal article without DOI, print version Koenig, H.G.
(1990). Research on religion and mental health in later
life: A review and commentary. Journal of Geriatic
Psychiatry, 23, 23-53.
Journal article without DOI, retrieved online [Note: For
articles retrieved from databases, include the URL of
the journal home page. Database information is not