5 Movements in Education and Educational Reforms

LESSON 5
MOVEMENTS IN EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL REFORMS
Overview:
The Philippine Educational system has undergone several reforms and development
throughout its history. These dramatic changes were evidently seen in the various periods of
educational evolution.
Educational reforms can be referred to as changes, transformations and innovations to

many facets of philosophy, policy, curriculum, pedagogy, didactics, organization, management,
financing that have something to do with the goals of education as translated in the Philippine
Constitution which aims and guarantees free, compulsory and high-quality education at all
levels; DepEd, CHED and TESDA.
Hence, understanding movements is tantamount to understanding reforms considering

its complexities and controversies so as to generate substantial changes in the present school
systems.
Some of the educational reforms will be explored in this lesson requiring an in-depth
analysis for the students of Master in Education Management.
Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, the students are expected to:
1. examine and make an in-depth analysis on how foundations of education impacted by

these reforms in education;
2. explore and understand these reforms in education and identify the role of educators in
its implementation; and,
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3. write an essay constituting these reforms in education and its impact to teacher’s
philosophy and practices.
Course Materials:
Unit 1: Sustainable Development Goals
Work-life balance, comfortable, secure and peaceful life are what the long-term
aspiration of the majority of Filipinos under the AmBisyon Natin 2040 learned from a nationwide
survey conducted in late 2015. Accordingly, this also the great time that the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development be adopted, and subsequently crafted the Philippine Development
Plan (PDP) 2017-2022.
The SDGs are now considered among the plan and actions to be undertaken in the area
of education seeing what the future can offer to the Filipino people.
Read:
(https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/philippines)
Watch:
Video presentation: and discussion: on Education and UNESCO’s SDG
Unit 2: Education for All
The Philippine EFA 2015 Plan is a vision and a holistic program of reforms of the country
to achieve an improved quality of basic education for every Filipino by 2015. The central goal of
the Philippine EFA 2015 Plan is basic competencies for all that will bring about functional
literacy for all
Read:
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000230331
https://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/cice/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/JEF-E7-12.pdf
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Unit 3: Peace Education
Peace Education in the Philippines seeks to build on the philosophy and the processes of
nonviolence to help us understand the role that conflict and violence have played in our own
lives, seeking ways to transform them
Read:
https://www.slideshare.net/MJBENOLIRAO/peace-education-in-the-philippines-38579994
Unit 4: Special Education
Special education may be best described as a purposeful intervention designed to

overcome or eliminate the obstacles that keep children with disabilities from learning. In other
words, it is about providing children with disabilities with individualized plans of instruction to
help them succeed.
The institutionalization of SPED Programs in all school is strengthened and implemented

by Deped Order 26, s.1997 in support to the implementation of RA 7277 otherwise known as
the Magna Carta for Disabled Persons and to achieve the target set for the Asian and Pacific
Decade of Disabled Persons from 1993-2002 that 75% of the 4 million children with disabilities
should be provided equal educational opportunities, hence, the institutionalization of special
needs education in all schools.
The Institutionalization aims to provide access to basic education among children with
special needs, namely, the gifted/talented, the mentally retarded, the visually impaired, the
hearing impaired, the orthopedically handicapped, the learning disabled, the speech defectives,
the children with behavior problems, the autistic children and those with health problems
through the formal system and other alternative delivery services in education.
The urgency of the need to address students with special needs and to guarantee
assistance, the Department Order #72, s. 2009 otherwise as Inclusive Education as Strategy
for Increasing Participation Rate of Children” was disseminated among the key players of
education system.
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Read:
https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/DO_s2008_053.pdf
https://www.deped.gov.ph/1997/03/07/do-26-s-1997-institutionalization-of-sped-programs-in-all-
schools/
https://www.deped.gov.ph/2009/07/06/do-72-s-2009-inclusive-education-as-strategy-for-
increasing-participation-rate-of-children/
ONLINE AND BLENDED LEARNING
The concept of online and blended learning in education has already been penetrated in
the early 90’s. though literatures identified that a few significant advancements have shaped
and pushed distance learning forward since the late 1800s. In 1873 the first official
correspondence education program, called the “Society to Encourage Home Studies”, was
established in Boston, Massachusetts by Ana Eliot Ticknor. The University of Queensland in
Australia founded its Department of Correspondence Studies in 1911, which also relied on
Australia's postal system. The University of South Africa, today known as one of the world's
open distance learning mega colleges, became a champion and innovator of distance learning
when it reshaped its mission and focus in 1946.
For quite sometime, online learning used to be the buzzword in many educational
institutions in the Philippines. The current COVID 19 pandemic has brought education
institutions to its senses for the right time to really explore online and blended learning ideology;
in the Department of Education, Commission on Higher Education and Tech-Voc programs
through TESDA, as an alternative educational delivery method. This has also put information
technology at the helm of the changes as we facing the “new normal” in the next few years.
Online and blended learning is education that takes place over the Internet. It is often
referred to as “e- learning” among other terms. However, online learning is just one type of
“distance learning” - the umbrella term for any learning that takes place across distance and not
in a traditional classroom.
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Read:
https://www.aeseducation.com/blog/online-learning-vs-distance-learning
http://www.wlac.edu/online/documents/otl.pdf
ASSESSMENT/ACTIVITIES
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. What are the challenges and opportunities to teachers, students, school administrators
brought about by the rapid changing developments in education considering that major
reforms have to undertake and implemented? Support your answer using proper
citations.
2. What possible steps school administrators and teachers may recommend in order to
properly address the issues confronting these reforms in education system?
Assignments (to be submitted on the next scheduled meeting)

1. Read Lesson 6 and answer the Guide Questions
2. Submission of a two-page essay (any one of the above topics where you explain how a
certain reform in education system affected the present Philippine education landscape).
Cite your references supporting your essay.
Chat/Forum Participationonline interactive recitation.
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LESSON 5

MOVEMENTS IN EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL REFORMS

Educational reforms can be referred to as changes, transformations and innovations to

Hence, understanding movements is tantamount to understanding reforms considering

At the end of this lesson, the students are expected to:

1. examine and make an in-depth analysis on how foundations of education impacted by

Unit 2: Education for All

Unit 4: Special Education

Special education may be best described as a purposeful intervention designed to

The institutionalization of SPED Programs in all school is strengthened and implemented

ONLINE AND BLENDED LEARNING

Assignments (to be submitted on the next scheduled meeting)

Chat/Forum Participationonline interactive recitation.

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