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    04 Computer Speeds and Units

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    Hammami Salah
    The document discusses various topics related to computer foundations including memory units, CPU access to memory, CPU speed, and 32-bit vs 64-bit systems. It defines bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, and larger units of digital information storage. It describes how the CPU uses registers, cache, and RAM to access data at different speeds. It explains that CPU clock speed is measured in gigahertz and impacts performance. It outlines the key differences between 32-bit and 64-bit systems in terms of memory allocation, processing power, and compatible operating systems and software.

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    04 Computer Speeds and Units

    Uploaded by

    Hammami Salah
    25 views13 pages
    The document discusses various topics related to computer foundations including memory units, CPU access to memory, CPU speed, and 32-bit vs 64-bit systems. It defines bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, and larger units of digital information storage. It describes how the CPU uses registers, cache, and RAM to access data at different speeds. It explains that CPU clock speed is measured in gigahertz and impacts performance. It outlines the key differences between 32-bit and 64-bit systems in terms of memory allocation, processing power, and compatible operating systems and software.

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    Speed nd unit

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    The document discusses various topics related to computer foundations including memory units, CPU access to memory, CPU speed, and 32-bit vs 64-bit systems. It defines bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, and larger units of digital information storage. It describes how the CPU uses registers, cache, and RAM to access data at different speeds. It explains that CPU clock speed is measured in gigahertz and impacts performance. It outlines the key differences between 32-bit and 64-bit systems in terms of memory allocation, processing power, and compatible operating systems and software.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views13 pages

    04 Computer Speeds and Units

    Uploaded by

    Hammami Salah
    The document discusses various topics related to computer foundations including memory units, CPU access to memory, CPU speed, and 32-bit vs 64-bit systems. It defines bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, and larger units of digital information storage. It describes how the CPU uses registers, cache, and RAM to access data at different speeds. It explains that CPU clock speed is measured in gigahertz and impacts performance. It outlines the key differences between 32-bit and 64-bit systems in terms of memory allocation, processing power, and compatible operating systems and software.

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    Computer Foundations

    Memory Units
    Memory Units…
    Bit
    8 Bits
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,024
    Text Document

    1,024
    1 Byte Image, Song

    1,024
    There are more: Movie, Flash Memory

    • Petabyte (PB) 10^15 (Facebook Servers 10+ PBs) 1,024


    • Exabyte (EB) 10^18 (amount of data transfer over the internet) Large Storge HDD
    • Zettabyte (ZB) 10^21 (whole data in the world just a few ZB)
    • Yottabyte (YB) 10^24 (Huge, No practical use)
    Computer Foundations

    CPU Access to Memory


    CPU

    Instantly available data


    Registers

    Temporary Simi instantly available data

    Makes Access to data much faster

    Slow access to data

    Memory Types
    Computer Foundations

    CPU Speed
    hundreds of millions or
    even billions of transistors
    CPU

    CPU Speed Transistor

    Transistor is a binary switch


    prevents or allows electricity.

    • Higher clock speed means a faster CPU (within the same generation)
    • Clock speed (also “clock rate” or “frequency”) is one of the most significant.
    • A CPU with a clock speed of 3.2 GHz executes 3.2 billion cycles per second.

    frequency During each cycle, billions


    of transistors within the
    processor open and close.
    Hertz HZ Cycles per second
    (Clock Cycle)
    Computer Foundations

    32-Bit vs 64-Bit
    32-Bit VS 64-Bit

    Less processing power, older, slower, and less secure More processing power, newer, faster, and more secure

    2^32 2^64
    (or 4,294,967,296) bytes (or 18,446,744,073,709,551,616) bytes

    Can allocate only 4GB of memory (RAM) Diffrences Can allocate much more RAM

    Referred to as x86 or x86-32 Referred to as x64 or x86-64

    Can only run a 32-bit operating system and 32-bit Can run both 64-bit and 32-bit
    software operating systems and software

    Note: if you have installed 32-bit operating system on a 64-bit computer,


    then it can run 32-bit software only.

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