08 Programming Foundations - Octal

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
Copyright© 2022 26+ years of experience
Computer Foundations
What is
Octal System?
Counting Systems?
Decimal System (Base 10) Binary System (Base 2)
Hexadecimal System (Base 16)

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Octal System (Base 8)

The Octal Numbering System is very similar in principle to the previous
hexadecimal numbering system except that in Octal,
Each octal digit represents 3 bits, so a 6-bit byte is two octal digits
ASCII Table
Why Octal?
• Previously in old computers the byte was only 6 digits not 8 digits.
• In octal a binary number is divided up into groups of only 3 bits,
with each group or set of bits having a distinct value of between
000 and 111.
• The use of octal numbers has declined now, why?!
Because most modern computers (use Nibbles) no longer base their word length on
multiples of three bits, (they are based on multiples of four bits, so hexadecimal is
more widely used).
It’s hard for human to read binary!
What does this mean?
01001001 00100000 01001100 01101111 01110110 01100101
00100000 01011001 01101111 01110101 00100001
I Love You!
Both Hexadecimal and Octal Systems
Provides a human-friendly representation
11010100 D4 Hexa
11010100 212 Octal
Octal Prefix
Prefix:
Hexa Prefix:
Technology/Language Prefix Example
HTML & CSS #Code #FFFFFF
C,C++,Java..etc 0x Code 0x725
XML &#Code &#C2A4
Unicode U+Code U+C2A4
Octal Prefix:
0oCode  0o725
How Octal works?
Remember that binary was base 2.
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Base 2
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Doubling
Hexadecimal is base 16.
164 163 162 161 160 Base 16
65536 4096 256 16 1
Octal System is base 8.
84 83 82 81 80 Base 8
4k 512 64 8 1
Convert Decimal to Octal
conversion from decimal to octal and
binary to octal
Follows the same pattern as we have seen

previously for hexadecimal
Convert 469 to Octal
Number / 8 Result Integer Fraction Remainder Octal
469 / 8 = 58.625 58 0.625 8 x 0.625 = 5 5
58 / 8 = 7.25 7 0.25 8 x 0.25 = 2 2
7/8 = -- -- -- 7 7
469 10 725 8
Convert Oct to Decimal.
Convert Octal 725 to Decimal
82 81 80
725
5 x 80 = 5 x 1 = 5+
2 x 81 = 2 x 8 = 16 +
7 x 82 = 7 x 64 = 448
469
Convert Octal to Binary.
Way 1:
How to Convert Octal to Binary?

• Two steps:
1. Convert octal to decimal.
2. Convert decimal to binary.
That’s it.
Way 2:
How to Convert Octal to Binary?
Direct Conversion.
Direct Conversion:
Convert Octal 725 to Binary

725
7 2 5
111 010 101
Only 3 digits
not Nibble
111 010 101
Convert Binary to Oct.
Way 1:
How to Convert Binary to Octal?

• Two steps:
1. Convert Binary to Decimal.
2. Convert Decimal to Octal.
That’s it.
Way 2:
How to Convert Binary to Octal?
Direct Conversion.
Convert 000111010101 to Octal
111 010 101
111 010 101
7 2 5
72 5
1- Convert those Octal numbers to Decimal:
• 100
• 512
2- Convert those Decimal numbers to Octal:
• 64
• 330
2- Convert (direct) those Octal numbers to Binary :
• 100
• 512
3- Convert (direct) those Binary numbers to Octal :
• 0100 0000
• 0001 0100 1010
Solution
Solutions:
1:
• 100  64
• 512  330
2:
• 64  100
• 330  512
3:
• 100  0100 0000
• 512  0001 0100 1010
4:
• 0100 0000  100
• 0001 0100 1010  512
Thank you 
124 150 141 156 153 040 131 157 165 040 072 055 051 015 012

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Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

Decimal System (Base 10) Binary System (Base 2)

Hexadecimal System (Base 16)

Octal System (Base 8)

11010100 D4 Hexa

11010100 212 Octal

How Octal works?

164 163 162 161 160 Base 16

65536 4096 256 16 1

Convert Decimal to Octal

Follows the same pattern as we have seen

469 / 8 = 58.625 58 0.625 8 x 0.625 = 5 5

58 / 8 = 7.25 7 0.25 8 x 0.25 = 2 2

Convert Oct to Decimal.

Convert Octal to Binary.

How to Convert Octal to Binary?

How to Convert Octal to Binary?

Convert Octal 725 to Binary

111 010 101

Convert Binary to Oct.

How to Convert Binary to Octal?

How to Convert Binary to Octal?

111 010 101

111 010 101

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