10th GRADE CHEMISTRY 2nd Mock Exam

Element Compound Mixture

symbols Formulas No symbol, no formula
monoatomic e.g. Fe at least 2 atoms chemically At least 2 different pure
diatomic(molecule) combined (ionic or molecule) substances physically combined
e.g., O2 e.g., NaCl, H2SO4 e.g., NaCl in H2O

can't be divided or changed divided into components divided into components

into other chemical chemical methods physical methods
substances by any ordinary e.g., combustion e.g., filtration
chemical means

---- Combination from in fix ratio combine in each ratio

Specific melting and boiling Specific melting and boiling Not fixed melting and boiling
point point point

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 Liquid+liquid

solid+liquid

Components are not

Solid or liquid
uniformly dispersed
in gas
throughout the
mixture.
Solid-liquid-
gas dispersed

1. Put an X in the boxes that are appropriate for each mixture below.

Mixture Scatters Can be separated Separate into

type light with filtration distinct layers of
time

Solution

Colloid

Suspension

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2. Supply the missing word for each definition.

emulsion element colloid

compound insoluble solute
immiscible mixture aerosol

a. Less amount part of solution……………………….

b. A solid which will not dissolve in a liquid……………………..
c. Two liquids that don’t dissolve in each other………………….
d. Mixture that form Tyndall effect………………
e. Mixture that liquid dispersed in gas……………….
f. Matter type that separates by chemical methods……………..
g. Liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture ………………..
h. Matter type that has symbol ……………
i. Matter type that doesn’t have specific boiling point………………

3. Which of the following mixtures are always homogeneous?

4.

5.

3
6.

7.

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8. Decide the given substances can dissolve in each other?

SOLVENT

SOLUTE
POLAR COVALENT NONPOLAR COVALENT

IONIC

POLAR
COVALENT

NONPOLAR
COVALENT

9.

5
10.

11.

12.

6
13.

14.

15.

7
16.

CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS

A solution that contains a large amount of

solute relative to the amount that could
dissolve is called concentrated solution.

A solution containing a relatively small quantity

of solute as compared with the amount of
solventis called diluted solution.

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17.

18.

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 If a solution is diluted or concentrated;
Equation: m x%C = m x%C
1 1 2 2

19. If 600 g H2O is added to a 200 g solution which has 20% AgNO3 by mass. What will be the
percent concentration of the new solution?

20. There is 400 grams, 30 % by mass of NaOH solution. If 100 grams of water is evaporated
from the solution what will be the new % by mass?

If different solutions are mixed;

21. If 30 g 40% sugar solution and 90 g 20% sugar solution are mixed, what is the
percentage of new solution?

22. There is a mixture of 200 grams of 20 % by mass NaOH solution and 300 grams of 40 %
by mass NaOH solution. What is the new % by mass of this mixture?

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23. Suppose that you have a 160 g of solution that is 20% sugar by weight. Calculate the
percentage concentration of the new solution resulting after ;

a. it is mixed with 40 g of water.

b. 32 g of water is evaporated from the original solution.
c. it is mixed with 40 g water and 40 g of sugar. (original solution)
d. it is mixed with 840 g of solution containing 5 % sugar. (original solution)

24.

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25.

26. 200 g sugar solution that contains %30 sugar by mass is mixed with 400 g sugar solution that
contains % 10 sugar by mass. 100 g water is evaporated from the mixture. What is the new
percentage of the solution if there is no precipitation remains back?

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27. Calculate the masses of 20% and 40% sugar solutions separately that are mixed to produce 400 g
of 25% sugar solution by mass.

28. There are two different solutions which are 20 % and 40 % NaCl by mass. How many
grams of these solutions must be mixed to obtain 280 g. of solution that is 32% by mass?

29. How many mL of ethyl alcohol solution that is 20 % by volume can be prepared by using
80 mL of ethyl alcohol?

30. Concentrated nitric acid solution has density of 1.2 /mL and contains 80 % HNO3 by
mass. How many grams of HNO3 are there in 500 ml of this concentrated solution?

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31. What is the percent concentration by volume (v/v) of a 250 ml of C2H5OH aqueous ethyl
alcohol solution in which 60 grams of ethyl alcohol is dissolved? (dC2H5OH = 0.8 g/ml)

32.

33.

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PARTS PER MILLION(ppm)

It is often used to express the concentration of very

dilute solutions.
A solution whose solute concentration is 1 ppm
contains;

1 g of solute for each 1 000 000(106) g of solution.

In other words;
ppm : 1 miligram solute for every kilogram of
solution.

34.

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COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES

Colligative properties include:

• Elevation of boiling point
• Depression of freezing point

Many of the physical properties of solutions differ from the pure substances.

Because of solute-solvent intermolecular

attraction, higher concentrations of nonvolatile
solutes make it harder for solvent to escape to the
vapor phase. Aqueous solutions have both a lower
freezing point and a higher boiling point than pure
water.

Boiling Point Elevation:

Freezing Point Depression:

Probably one of the most familiar

applications of this phenomenon is the
addition of ethylene glycol
(“antifreeze”) to the water in an
automobile radiator.
This solute lowers the freezing point of
the water, preventing the engine from
cracking in very cold weather from the
expansion of pure water on freezing.

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Pure water freezes at 0 °C, but the salt water in the ocean freezes at -2.2 °C because of
freezing point depression. We take advantage of the freezing point depression of salt in
water by putting salt on ice to melt it.

35. The sugar solution is prepared. Some more sugar dissolves in this solution.
According to this information;
I. Boiling point
II. Freezing point
III. Conductivity
IV. Vapor Pressure

Which of the given quantities increases with respect to water in the initial state?
A) Only IV B) I and III C) II and IV
D) II and III E) II,III and IV

36.

Three separate aqueous solutions are prepared by dissolving all the amounts given above.
According to this information what is the relation between their freezing points?

A) I>II>III B) I=II>III C) III>II>I

D) I=II=III E) III>I=II

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37.

Some aqueous solutions and their freezing points are given above.
According to given information, compare the volumes (x,y,z) of the solutions.

38. Which aqueous solution will have the lowest freezing point? Which has the highest
boiling point? Which has the highest vapor pressure?

(a) 0.050 mol in 1 L CaCl2

(b) 0.15 mol in 1 L NaCl
(c) 0.10 mol in 1 L HCl
(d) 0.20 mol in 1 L C12H22O11

39.

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40.

41.

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43. A vessel is divided into three parts by semipermeable membrane. The initial levels of solutions
are equal.

What could be the solution levels(increase/decrease/same) after waiting for a while?

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46.

47.

48.

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50.

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53.

25
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57.

58.

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59.

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60. Identify the statements below as true(T) or false(F).
a) ….. Acids don't conduct electricity.
b) ….. Bases conduct electricity.
c) ….. Acids taste bitter.
d) ….. Bases turn red litmus paper to blue.
e) ….. Acids react with active metals to produce hydrogen gas.
f) …... Acids will turn phenolphthalein indicator color to pink.
g) ….. An indicator is a substance which changes colors in acids and bases.
h) ….. Acids turn blue litmus paper to red.
i) ….. Bases feel slippery.
j) ….. The pH of neutral water is 7.
k) ….. For most reactions of acids with bases, the resulting products are a salt and water.
l) ….. NH3 is an acid.
m) ….. Most household cleaners are bases. .
n) ….. A strong acid is very dangerous to living things, while a strong base is very safe.
o) ….. According to Arrhenius Theory hydronium (H3O+) ion is formed when a base is dissolved
in water.

61.

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63.

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64.

Strong Acids Weak Acids

• Ionizes completely, so they • Ionizes partially, so they couldn’t

conduct electricity well. conduct electricity well.

• The pH values are generally

• low pH values like 0,1 or 2.
between 3 and 6.

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Strong Bases

• Ionizes completely, so they conduct electricity well.

Weak Bases

• Ionizes partially, so they couldn’t conduct electricity well.

Strong Acids: Weak Acids:

HF: Hydrofluoric acid
HCl: Hydrochloric acid
H2CO3: Carbonic acid
HBr: Hydrobromic acid H3PO4: Phosphoric acid
HI: Hydroiodic acid HCN: Cyanic Acid
HNO3 : Nitric acid H2SO3 : Sulfurous acid
H2SO4 : Sulfuric acid CH3COOH: Acetic acid(vinegar acid)
HClO4: Perchloric acid HCOOH: Formic acid

Strong Bases: Weak Bases:

LiOH: Lithium hydroxide NH3: Ammonia

NaOH: Sodium hydroxide AgOH: Silver hydroxide
KOH: Potassium hydroxide Mg(OH)2: Magnesium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2: Calcium hydroxide
Ba(OH)2: Barium hydroxide

65. The following diagrams represent aqueous solutions of acids HX, HY, and HZ, with water
molecules omitted for clarity. Rank the acids from strongest to weakest.

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66. Aqueous solutions of three different substances, AX, AY, and AZ, are represented by the three
accompanying diagrams. Identify each substance as a strong electrolyte, a weak electrolyte,
or a nonelectrolyte.

pH scale

We usually use the pH scale to describe the strength of acidity or basicity.

pH → 0 to 6 → ACID. pH → 7 → NEUTRAL. pH → 8 to 14 → BASE

67.

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68.

69. Compare the pH values of the following solutions (at same concentrations) from lower
to higher.
I. NH3 II. Ca(OH)2 III. HCl IV. H2O V. H2CO3

Lower …………………………………………………………… Higher

70. Red litmus paper is immersed in a solution of each of the containers. What is the color
of litmus paper in these solutions?

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72.

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