STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORKING EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(SIWES)

TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

KEBBI STATE LIBRARY BOARD,BIRNIN KEBBI

BY

SANI SURAYYA

DLIS/18/0152

SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE

SCHOOL OF SCIENCES, COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,

WAZIRI UMARU FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, BIRNIN-KEBBI

MARCH 2021
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 DECLARATION

I SANI RUKAYYA Hereby Declare That this Technical Report Has Been Carried Out

By Me, Under The Able Supervision Of Mal. AHMED YAHUZA NGASKI All

References Are Duly Acknowledged And Any Deficiencies Or Mistakes Are Mine.

--------------------------------------- - --------------------

Name Signature

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 DEDICATION

The technical report work is gratefully dedicated to Allah Almighty who has made it

possible for me to undergo the four months Industrial Working Experience Scheme

successful.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the name of Allah the most gracious the beneficent and the most merciful. All praise

due to Almighty Allah for spring my life and gave me the courage and strength to

undertake the completion of this Technical Report. May his mercy and blessing be upon to

his prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my

humble Coordinator MRS. MADUAGWU LILIAN who concerted his effort and guide me on

how to did my Technical reports, And also the entire lecturers of the department of

Statistics , Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic Birnin Kebbi. My special thanks goes to

my parents, brothers and sisters whose helped me both morally and financially throughout

of my academic pursuit.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page - - - - - - - - - - - i

Declaration - - - - - - - - - - ii

Dedication - - - - - - - - - - - iii

Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - - iv

Table of contents- - - - - - - - - v

Chapter one

Introduction to siwes - - - - - - - 1

Definition of siwes - - - - - - - - - 1-2

Aims of siwes - - - - - - - - - 2

Objective of siwes - -- - - - - - - - 2

Problem of siwes - - - - - - - - - - 2

Chapter two

2.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - 3

2.2 Library Rules and Regulation - - - - - - - 3-4

2.3 Types of Library - - - - - - - - - 4-5

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2.4 Library Services - - - - - - - - - 6-7

2.4.1 Serials - - - - - - - - - 8

2.4.1.2 Advantage of Serials - - - - - - - - 8

2.5 Organizations of Mibrary Materials - - - - - - 8-9

2.5.1 Cataloging - - - - - - - - - 10

2.5.1.1 Catalogue as Location of Record - - - - - - -10

2.5.1.2 Functions of Catalogue - - - - - - 11-12

2.5.1.3 Forms of Catalogue - - - - - - - - 12

2.5.1.4 Types of Catalogue - - - - - - - - 12

2.5.2 Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) - - - - - 13

2.5.3 Classification - - - - - - - - - 13

2.5.3.1 Types of Classification Schemes - - - - - - -14

Chapter Four

Summary -- - - - - - - - - - 17
Conclusion - - - - - - - - - - - 17
Recommendation - - - - - - - - - - 17

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

SIWES was establishing by ITF in 1973 to solve the problem of lack of adequate practical
skills preparatory for employment in industries by graduates of tertiary institutions.

The scheme exposes student industries based skills necessary for a month transition from
the class room to the world of work. It affords student of tertiary institutions the opportunity
of key familiarized and equipment which are usually not available in the educational
institutions

Participation in SIWES has become a necessary pre-condition for the award of

DIPLOMA AND DEGREE certification specific discipline, in most institution of higher
learning in the country, in accordance with the educational policy of the government.

 Operation- the ITF, the coordinating agencies (NUC, NCCE, NBTE), employers of
labour and institution.
 Funding :- The federal government of Nigeria
 Beneficiaries:- undergraduates of the following fields: agriculture ,engineering
technology, environmental, science, education, medical science and pure and applied
sciences.
 Duration:- four months for polytechnics and college of education and six months for
universities.

1.1 DEFINETION OF SIWES

The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is a skill acquisition

training program that forms part of the minimum academic requirement standards in
various degree programs of the Nigerian tertiary institutions, it help student to put
what they have learnt theoretically in class into practice in the real problem world.

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 1.2 AIMS OF SIWES

The SIWES is aimed at exposing students to real life working environment,

enabling them to put into practice what they have learn in class, making them top
understand the technical implication of their profession as well as teaching them
competence, and professionalism.

1.3 OBJECIVES OF THE SCHEME

The purpose of the scheme is to expose student to machines and equipment,

professional work method and ways of safeguarding the work area workers in
industrial and other organizations. The scheme is a tripartite program involving
training fund (ITF).

1.4 PROBLEMS AFFECTING THE SCHEME

i. Inadequate funding to student which would have encouraged them grossly i.e. ITF
allowance.
ii. Poor attitude of employers to student that is impacting knowledge with reservation
with fear of opposition and competition’s by the student in the near future Non co-
operation and companies as regards to accepting students for their field of work
program

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 CHAPTER TWO
INTRODUCTION TO LIBRARY

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The term library is derived from the Latin word “liber” meaning book; it has been
commonly used to mean collection of books either for public or private use. the library
has undergone different stages in its development process. The word ‘library’ may still
be used in cognizances of its original purposed of preservation of records, history, culture
and human knowledge. Today’s library collection often contains not only a variety of
printed materials , such as books, magazines ,pamphlets etc. but non print materials in
from of audio-visual such as tapes, records, films, slides and a variety of other formats
produced by the explosion of information and communication technology . Enclopedia
Britannica (2004)define library as a collection of books gathered as a places where
information material were organized and maintained for use such as reading consultation
,study or research . similarly, a library is an institution responsible for the collection,
processing and storage of record encyclopedia (2010 viewed library as a collection of
resources, resources and services and the structure I which it is housed; organized for
used ad maintained by a public body, institution or a pirate individuals , Elielia (as cited I
Abah 2011 defies library as a collection of institution or establishments for the care of
collection of books and for to prospective user

2.2 LIBRARY RULES AD REGULATION

For ay organization to faction well there must be rules and regulation that must be
observed. The library is no exception. It has it’s own code of conduct and any attempt to
break these rules and regulation could be met with the stiff penalty for instances

 Materials consulted into the closed access areas likes serials, reserved should be
return to the counter

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  Change of name should be communicated to the library
 Silences should be maintained in the library reading are
 Eating, drinking and smoking are forbidden in the library.
 No pets are allowed in the library.
 Fines are imposed on overdue books or any other library materials.
 Stealing of library materials attract expulsion from the university or institution
 References books are not to be taken out of the library
 Damage i.e. mutilation to books shall be paid
 No books should be taken out the library without the consent of a library staff
 No reservation of seats in the library
 The library will not be responsible for any cost or loops ,imprisonment of personal
belongings therefore bags are kept at owners risk
 On exit all users are required to avail themselves for checking/searching
 User must be decently dressed and conduct themselves properly in thre library

2.3 TYPES OF LIBRARY

Libraries are classified generally into six distinct categories:

I. National Library: this is the library owned by a sovereign nation or state. it caters
for the information needs of the country and has legal deposit right. National
Libraries do not lend books and other materials to individuals. However, they could
lend materials to organization like universities or other serious bodies in the country
on long term basis.Example of such libraries are nationally library of Nigeria. The
national library of Nigeria is charged with the role of collecting all types of document
published in Nigeria and abroad abuts the Nigeria by the Nigerian.

II. Public Library: these libraries are owned by a state or local government to cater for
the information, education and recreational needs of the inhabitants everybody is
allowed to make use of public library resources subject to local resources subject to

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 local regulation. They have general collection that will serve the interest of their users
irrespective of religion, sex, political affiliation, educational background etc.

III. Academic Library: these are library of tertiary institution like university,
polytechnics, college of education, major seminaries and comparable theological
colleges, colleges of agriculture, etc. Academic libraries are primarily established to
provide literature support to the programs of their parent institution. They aim at
meting the research need of their users.

IV. Special Libraries: these are also referred to as research libraries. the special library
services the interest of research institution and people working in an organization
with specified subject interest that is usually narrow in scope therefore, for there to
be a special it is either that the users are special or the materials are specials.
Normally their users are limited and study a particular field of knowledge. Materials
found in these libraries are not allowed out to nonmembers of the organization.
Examples Nigerian institution of international al affairs library Lagos federal institute
of industries research oshod in library , Ibadan the international institute of tropical
agriculture library ,Ibadan etc.

V. Private Library: These libraries are owned by individuals or an organization like

mosque and churches. They are to support the work done in the organization

VI. School Libraries: these are libraries that are set up in nursery, primary and
secondary schools to cater for the teaching and learning interest of the pupils, student
and their teachers. The modern trends are to establish school media resources centers.
The media resources centre integrates the print and non print materials to facilitate
individuals as well as group learning by the schools pupil.

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2.4 LIBRARY SERVICES

Library service is provided to satisfy the information, educational and recreational

needs of the library users. Services to users could be either’s directly through contact
with them or in directly through activities carried out “behind the scene”. There are two
major types of library services:

1) Technical Services: this refers to those library operation concerned with the
acquisition and organization of knowledge. Librarianship is all about systematic
acquisition of books and non-books materials containing knowledge and organizing
them for easy information services to the library users. Technical services are
therefore every important to librarianship.

The technical services department in the libraries includes:

 Collection/acquisition department
 Processing department and
 Serials department

2) Readers Services: this division is responsible for direct provision of library services
to users it is in reader’s services division that the library staff comes I contact with
the users and also the users come in contact with the book and other library resources
provided for their uses. Libraries provide readers services in two main Departments.

 Circulation department and

 References department

Other services of the library include:

 Provision of user’s education to both regular and potential user.

 Provision of selective dissemination of information((SDI)
 Bibliographic loan services
 Reprographic/photocopy services

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  Current awareness services

2.4.1 Serials

A serials according to Prytherch (1995) defined as “any publication issued in

successive parts appearing at regular interval, and as a rule is intended to be continued
indefinitely. in other words the terms serials include all periodicals, newspaper,
magazines, journals and proceeding.”

2.4.1.2 ADVANTAGE OF SERIALS

 They carry current information on various field of study with immediate result of
experimental research and development
 They report the result of recent research more quickly than books
 They are useful to student and lecturer who are engaged in serious research and
personnel development

2.5 ORGANIZATION OF LIBRARY MATERIALS

The beauty of library is to arrange its collection in such a way that it can be easily
accessible by its argent users. The organization and retrieval of information is a very
sensitive aspect of library practice because without it there will be no easy access to or
retrieval of information I the library catalogue which houses the record of these resources
continues to be part ad parcel of the library whether it is sheaf, printed, curd or on-line
catalogue cards are ept in the catalogue cabinet

There are two systems of organization adopted by the library, viz:

 Cataloguing and
 Classification system

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2.5.1 CATALOGUNG

Cataloguing is the process of description of boos and non-boo materials which coatis
bibliographic information of a particular information resources. The end product of
cataloguing is called catalogue.

A catalogue is a list of information materials (books and non-books) arranged in a

definite order. Library is a record of all the resources in the library, usually arranged in
alphabetical order. It records, described and indexes the resources of a collection of
library.

The catalogue contain sentries on each and every materials of the library , hence it is the
key to the library holdings.

Each entry bears detailed of class number or call number to enable the items to be found
as well as sufficient details(such as authors, title, date of publication, editorship,
illustration, pagination and edition) to identify and described the books.

2.5.1.1 CATALOGUE AS LOCATION OF RECORD

After a reader learns what the library has, the next information needed is where is the
desire boo located? Libraries have found that the easier way to answer this need is to
assign symbols to each book; the symbols will then serve as device for shelving it in the
desired records. If this symbols or devices is carried on both the book and the catalogue
card relating to it the user may then be led directly from catalogue card to book on the
same subjects, with books on related subject close by. Hence the symbols or he may
browse through the books on the shelves which relate to the subject which he is interested
in

2.5.1.2 FUNCTIONS OF CATALOGUE

 It shows the total holdings of a library

 It allows for easy access to the library collection

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  It indicates to the user which material a library has in its collection, by subject,
authors, titer, edition, illustrator, co-author and series
 It is the key to any library collection
 It provides adequate records for efficient bibliographic access to the satisfactory
used of the collection

2.5.1.3 FORMS OF CATALOGUE

There are four commonly used forms of catalogue, viz:

 The card catalogue

 The book, printed catalogue
 The heave catalogue
 The automated/computerized/online catalogue

2.5.1.4 TYPES OF CATALOGUE

The heading is the element by which the entry is filed I the catalogue therefore the
various types of heading entries are made as follows:

a) Authors/title catalogue: A catalogue which is composed of author ad title entries

oly (including added entries for editors, translator, etc)
b) Subject catalogue: a record which contains heading on subject , filed
alphabetically by subject
c) Classified catalogue: if subject heading could have a class number representing
the subject and chosen from a classification scheme such as DDC or LC such as
catalogue of which the ain arrangement, as with document on the shelves is by
class number is called classified catalogue.
d) Dictionary catalogue: such catalogues combined author, title and subject entries
in one alphabetical sequence.

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2.5.2 ONLINE PUBLIC ACCESS CATALOGUE (OPAC)

Online searching is a increasingly common places activity it is no longer confined to

libraries and libraries but is practiced by a growing number of end user ,scientist,
managers, doctors, lawyers, accountants, students, etc the range of information now
available online and the case of retiring discrete element from even the largest databases
makes it an attractive competitor to print on paper the phrase ‘online searching ’ is used
to described the process of directly interrogating computer system to resolve particular
request for information the search will usually be conducted by means of a eye board or
mouse and screen that communicates with the computer system, possibly remote, which
coatis files of data the search process is dynamic and interactions, result are made
available almost immediately to the searcher who can then, according to the usefulness of
the information retried , refine the original request and continue the integration until the
best result possible is obtained in library and information units the activity known as
online searching has cortically meat searching externals database cooing bibliographic
records.

2.5.3 CLASSIFICATION

Classification is generally defined as a systematic arrangement of object ideas boos or

other items which have similar qualities or characteristics into group or classes the
characteristic may be see color, form, octet or some other feature In other word it is the
process of grouping together library materials into the same or similar subject area ad
assigning classification umbers to them at the early state , the library collection did not
exceed 20 to 30 therefore, the library knows his collection by heart, but with the
invention of printing using a movable tapes by German called D. Gutenberg in 1492 the
production of reading materials increase astronomically.

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2.5.3.1 TYPES OF CLASSIFICATIO SCHEMES

We have different types of classification schemes used by libraries .Example of which

includes:

 Dewey decimal classification (DDC)

 Library of congress classification schemes (LC)
 Universal decimal classification (UDC)
 Colon classification (CC)
 Bliss (Bibliographic) classification

Dewey decimal classification (DDC)

DDC is individual effort. This means that it was demised by one person single handedly
it was devised by Meli Dewey a American librarian I 1876 the scheme is ery popular all
ore the world, it is adopted I college ad school libraries In this classification scheme,
Dewey divided the whole spectrum of knowledge into ten major classes the outline of
DDC scheme is as follows:

000 – Generalia

100-Philosophy ad psychology

200-religion

300-Social science

400- Languages

500-Natural sciences

600-Applied sciences

700- The Act

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 800-Literature

900-Geography, History and Travels

The DDC scheme has a pure notation because it uses Arabic umbers only

Library of congress classification schemes (LC)

LC is an institution effort as the name implies the scheme was demised by the American
library of congress for the purpose of arranging the document housed I the America
house of congress In 1997 the collection of the library had reached one and a half million
volumes, and its annuals accession had reached approximately one hundred thousand
there was therefore a needed for a scheme which would act as a map for guiding the
congress libraries through the maker of publication housed I their library thus the LC
scheme was desired by D. Herbet Putnan, the librarian of congress, in his report for the
year 19901,explained that LC scheme was devised from comparison of existing scheme
including the DDC and Cutters expressed scheme the scheme uses mixed notation i.e.
both the letter of the alphabet ad Arabic numerals In LC the whole spectrum of
knowledge is divided into 24 therefore unlike DDC which have arrow base the LC have a
broad base the scheme is more popular in academic libraries the outline of the scheme are
as follows:

A - General Works

B - Philosophy, Psychology, Religion

C - Auxiliary Sciences of history

D - History- generals ad old World

E-F - History-America

G - Geography, Maps, Anthropology ,recreation

H - Social sciences

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K - Law

L - Education

M - Music

N - FINE ART

P - Languages & Literature

Q - Sciences

R - Medicine

S - Agriculture

T - Technology

U - Military sciences

V - Naval sciences

Z - Bibliography and library sciences

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 CHATER FOUR

SUMMARY
The student industrial work experiences scheme {SIWES} is a skill development
programmed initiated by the industrial training fund in 1973 to bridge the gap between
the theory and practical. The chapter one contains the introduction definition of Siwes
reason for Siwes and function of I.T F and also in chapter two is talking about the
description of the organization section and the department followed by the organization
chart in chapter three is going to reveal the experiences acquire during the Siwes.

CONCLUSION
Conclusively, Siwes [its programmed is an important system attached to the educational
carried out of student and appreciation should be given to all people that to see to be the
initiative of the Siwes programmed. it has tough a lot pertaining technical application and
fault on various system all achieved due to recommendation of ITF as well as tertiary
institution

RECOMMENDATION
I hereby recommended that the program should continues and be more encouraging so
that the student will have urge to do the program with full courage and confidences in
order to be expose to their procession event better as I did. Finally I recommended that
the industrial should do all the necessary things to see that there is an increase in the
industrial training so that there will be enough time for the student to give exercise.

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